花生种子特异启动子AHSSP1的克隆及功能分析

为丰富花生种子特异启动子资源,本研究利用PCR技术在花生基因组中克隆了种子贮藏蛋白基因PSC32的启动子AHSSP1,利用半定量RT-PCR检测了PSC32基因表达模式,借助NewPLACE在线分析了AHSSP1序列中存在的顺式作用元件,并构建了AHSSP1驱动GUS报告基因的表达载体,经农杆菌转化获得转基因拟南芥,经GUS组织化学染色鉴定了该启动子的功能。结果表明,PSC32基因957 bp长的启动子AHSSP1序列具备种子特异表达启动子特有的3个RY REPEAT元件。半定量RT-PCR分析发现,PSC32基因在花生成熟种子中表达,而在饱果成熟期根、茎、叶片、花、入土前的果针、成熟种子的果壳中均不表达。GUS组织化学染色发现,转基因拟南芥成熟种子以及萌发种子的子叶、下胚轴和胚根均能够被染上蓝色;长出真叶后,子叶和下胚轴仍能被染色,而根和真叶不能被染上蓝色;成年期转基因拟南芥的叶片也不能被染上蓝色。而野生型拟南芥整个生长时期均不能被染上蓝色。以上现象说明AHSSP1是一个种子特异启动子。本研究丰富了花生种子特异启动子的资源,对花生籽仁品质改良或以花生籽仁作为“生物反应器”的研究具有重要的应用价值。     

Neuroprotective effect of novel Rho kinase inhibitor FSD-C10 on a mouse model of Alzheimer disease

AIM: To explore the neuroprotective effect of novel Rho kinase inhibitor FSD-C10 on Alzheimer disease (AD) model of APP/PS1 double transgenic (Tg) mice. METHODS: Male APP/PS1 Tg mice (n=20) at 8 months of age were randomly divided into 2 groups:model group and FSD-C10 treatment group. The mice were treated with normal saline or FSD-C10 (25 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) by intraperitoneal injection, once daily for 2 months. Age-and sex-matched wild-type (WT) mice without treatment were used as the control. The Morris water maze (MWM) test and SMART 3.0 behavioral record system were applied to examine and analyze the spatial cognitive function of the mice. The protein levels and distribution of Aβ, p-tau and synapse-associated proteins such as synaptophysin, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) were determined by immunofluorescence staining. The protein levels of phosphorylated amyloid precursor protein at Thr668[p-APP(Thr668)], beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and synapse-associated proteins in the brain were analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with model group, FSD-C10 treatment significantly improved the cognitive function of the APP/PS1 Tg mice, accompanied by reduced Aβ deposition and p-tau level, increased protein level of p-APP (Thr668) in the central nervous system, decreased expression of BACE1, and increased expression of synapse-associated proteins in the brain of the mice (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: FSD-C10 has neuroprotective potential in the APP/PS1 Tg mice. The mechanism may be related to enhancing the non-amyloidogenic APP cleavage pathway, reducing the production of Aβ oligomers, the deposition of senile plaques and the amount of tau protein, up-regulating synapse-associated proteins, and increasing synaptic plasticity.     

园林植物春季最佳观赏期调查研究

目前,由于缺乏准确的园林植物最佳观赏期的资料,导致优秀的规划设计方案难以落到实处,园林景点建成之后景观效果大打折扣。针对以上问题,作者采用实地调查观测的方法对园林植物春季最佳观赏期和最佳观赏顺序进行了研究。记录整理典型地点园林植物的最佳观赏期和最佳观赏顺序,为园林规划设计、植物配置和养护管理提供科学的参考依据。     

Characterization of Genomic Integration and Transgene Organization in Six Transgenic Rapeseed Events

To characterize the DNA rearrangement of both the T-DNA region and the genomic insertion site during T-DNA insertion, the Genomewalker strategy was used to isolate the junctions between the inserted DNA and the plant genomic DNA in six rapeseed events as well as the genomic DNA at the sites before integration. During transformation in each of the six events, portions of both the right border（RB） and left border（LB） regions of the T-DNA were deleted, ranging from a 7 nucleotide deletion of the LB repeats in event RF1 to a 207 bp deletion of the LB region in event RF2. For the six events, T-DNA integration resulted in a deletion at the target site spanning less than 100 bp. Sequence analysis indicated that the T-DNA was integrated into the coding region of various native rapeseed genes in events RF1 and RF2. Duplications of the genomic DNA target site were observed in events RF2, RF3 and Topas 19/2. And multimerization of transgenes was found in event Topas 19/2, in which, the T-DNA was integrated as a head-to-head（RB-to-RB） concatemer into the recipient genome. In event MS1, chromosomal translocation or a large target-site deletion may have occurred during T-DNA integration, which was identified due to a failure to amplify the presumptive insertion site based on the flanking rapeseed DNA sequences. Our results provide comprehensive data concerning transgene organization and the genomic context of the T-DNA in six rapeseed events, which can aid in the developing of insert fingerprinting and the monitoring of long-term genetic stability and potential unintended effects of transgenic events.     

海南被子植物分布新资料(Ⅱ)

报道了海南岛被子植物5个新记录种。新记录种分别为三室黄麻(Corchorus trilocularis L.)、钻叶紫菀(Symphyotrichum subulatum(Michx.)G.L.Nesom)、光果姜(Zingiber nudicarpum D.Fang)、线纹香茶菜(Isodon lophanthoides(Buch.-Ham.ex D.Don)H.Hara)、狭序泡花树(Meliosma paupera Hand.-Mazz.)。凭证标本保存于中国热带农业科学院植物标本室(ATCH)。     

In Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of Selected Plants on the Growth of the Mycelial Form of Histoplasma capsulatum Variety farciminosum in Ethiopia

Epizootic lymphangitis is prevalent in equines in Ethiopia, causing remarkable economic and welfare impacts but often neglected. Lack of effective treatment contributed to its continued occurrence, and hence, search for an effective treatment should be considered a priority area to minimize its impacts. Previous ethnobotanical studies have reported that Curcuma longa, Phytolacca dodecandra, and Datura stramonium were used to treat cutaneous fungal infections and reduce their incidence. The treatment effects of these plants against epizootic lymphangitis should be studied. The in vitro growth inhibitory effects of methanol extracts of the root of C. longa, berry of P. dodecandra, and leaf of D. stramonium were evaluated. Histoplasma capsulatum var farciminosum was isolated from clinical cases of epizootic lymphangitis in carthorses in central Ethiopia. The nested polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm the identity of the isolates. Serial twofold dilutions of the extract of berries of P. dodecandra and leaves of D. stramonium were done in sterile water, whereas dilution of the extract of roots of C. longa was done in dimethylsulphoxide. The effects of the plants on the growth of Histoplasma capsulatum var farciminosum were assessed by agar dilution assay. Culture media with no antifungal agent and media containing ketoconazole served as negative and positive control, respectively. The methanol extract of C. longa showed inhibitory effects at concentrations ranging from 0.07 to 5 mg/mL. Similarly, the methanol extract of P. dodecandra showed growth inhibitory effects at concentrations ranging from 0.156 to 5 mg/mL. That is, the growth inhibitory concentration of C. longa was 0.07 mg/mL, whereas that of P. dodecandra was 0.156 mg/mL. In contrast, D. stramonium showed no inhibitory effect. This preliminary observation showed that methanol extracts of C. longa and P. dodecandra showed inhibitory effects on the growth of Histoplasma capsulatum var farciminosum requiring further repeated in vitro evaluation so as to generate adequate evidence, which would justify in vivo trials.     

中国野生毛葡萄芪合酶基因VqSTS11和VqSTS23调控抗白粉病的研究

利用同源克隆法得到抗白粉病的中国野生毛葡萄‘丹凤–2’芪合酶基因VqSTS11和VqSTS23的开放阅读框，并构建过表达载体；通过器官发生途径诱导不抗白粉病的欧洲葡萄‘无核白’分生愈伤组织并采用农杆菌介导法对其进行转化；经过PCR检测和Western blot鉴定，获得了5株VqSTS11超量表达植株和3株VqSTS23超量表达植株；人工接种白粉菌发现，转基因植株中白粉菌菌丝生长速度慢，孢子萌发受到一定的抑制，并且转基因植株中芪合酶基因相对表达量升高，抗病相关基因表达上调，芪类物质含量积累增多。本研究结果进一步证明中国野生毛葡萄‘丹凤–2’芪合酶基因VqSTS11和VqSTS23对白粉菌具有抗性，‘丹凤–2’可以为改良欧洲葡萄品种抗病性提供抗病基因，作为抗病育种的资源。     

转基因玉米的科学知识图谱研究——基于Citespace的计量分析

为了分析全球转基因玉米研究的热点与趋势,基于文献计量法,以Web of Science数据库核心期刊收录的2005—2015年间转基因玉米研究的文献为样本,利用Citespace软件对转基因玉米研究的科学知识图谱进行可视化分析。通过检索式检索,符合要求的文献共2851篇,经过排重筛选后为2701篇,文献量整体趋势呈平稳状态且有上升趋势。通过Citespace软件绘制关于学者合作网络、机构合作网络、文献共被引分析、作者共被引分析及关键词共现网络的科学知识图谱。通过聚类分析发现中国科研学者与机构在转基因玉米研究中占据数量优势,但是在引文被引方面,外国学者及其文章的重要性高于中国的学者及其文章。另外,全球转基因玉米研究热点主要围绕菌群、基因、蛋白质、稳定性等方面。