寄主植物对桃蚜羧酸酯酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶的诱导作用

在１９９５～１９９６年研究了寄主植物对桃蚜［Ｍｙｚｕｓｐｅｒｓｉｃａｅ（Ｓｕｌｚｅｒ）］羧酸酯酶（ＣａｒＥ）和乙酰胆碱酯酶（ＡＣｈＥ）的诱导作用。在试验的甘蓝、茄子和桃树３种寄主植物中，取食甘蓝的桃蚜种群ＣａｒＥ和ＡＣｈＥ活性最高，取食茄子和桃树的桃蚜种群ＣａｒＥ活性没有明显不同，而ＡＣｈＥ活性取食茄子的桃蚜种群明显高于取食桃树的种群。ＣａｒＥ与底物的亲和力是桃树＞茄子＞甘蓝，而ＡＣｈＥ与底物的亲和力则是甘蓝＞茄子＞桃树。ＡＣｈＥ与毒扁豆碱的双分子速率常数（Ｋｉ）值大小顺序为甘蓝＞桃树＞茄子     

甘肃河西地区盐碱地野生药用植物资源

甘肃河西地区盐碱地野生药用植物资源丰富,主要有50种,隶属于21科40属。针对当地农业生产状况,应合理开发利用盐生药用植物资源。     

限水灌溉对转基因抗虫棉产量形成的影响

采取限水灌溉的方法,研究了灌水对棉花产量形成的影响。研究结果表明,合理灌水能促进棉花开花成铃,延长最佳成铃时段,增加棉株优质节位的成铃数,单株籽棉干物重增加23.4%～61.9%,产量提高16.8%～45.3%。灌水量以675m3/hm2效果最好,灌水效益高达0.57kg/m3,灌水量达1350m3/hm2增产幅度下降,灌水效益仅0.21kg/m3。     

南昌市郊常见花卉炭疽病初步鉴定

本文对南昌市郊常见花卉炭疽病病原进行了初步鉴定。结果表明，鹅掌柴炭疽病等8种炭疽病病原为胶孢炭疽菌（Colletotrichum gloeosporioides(Penz.Sacc.)，月季炭疽病等5种病害病原为新报道的炭疽病，病原种的归属有待进一步确定。     

Transgenic cucumber expressing an endogenous class III chitinase gene has reduced symptoms from Botrytis cinerea

A class III chitinase gene (CHI2) is induced in cucumber plants (Cucumis sativa L.) in response to infection by pathogenic microorganisms. Infection of Botrytis cinerea, causal agent of gray mold disease on cucumber, also induces CHI2 expression. To investigate whether CHI2 is involved in resistance to gray mold disease, transgenic cucumber plants were produced to overexpress the CHI2 gene. One line was analyzed in detail in terms of disease resistance. The transgenic cucumber plant (CC2) constitutively expressed CHI2 and reduced the symptoms of B. cinerea for 4 days after inoculation compared with nontransgenic plants. However, this inhibitory effect was not absolute, and CC2 eventually developed serious disease symptoms. Chitinase activity of the crude extract from CC2 leaves was higher than that from nontransgenic plants. A high-molecular-weight fraction containing CHI2 from CC2 leaves had fungistatic activity against B. cinerea. Interestingly, the low-molecular-weight fraction from CC2 leaves with CHI2 removed also had fungistatic activity against B. cinerea. Not only the introduced chitinase activity but also the endogenous defense reactions activated by overexpression of CHI2 may be involved in the enhanced gray mold disease resistance in CC2.     

Recovery of non-target plants affected by airborne bromoxynil-octanoate and metribuzin

The present study was conducted to evaluate the recovery potential of non‐target plants affected by two airborne herbicides. Sunflower at the two‐leaf stage was used as a test plant and exposed for 24 h in a wind tunnel to a range of concentrations of airborne bromoxynil‐octanoate and metribuzin. Quantum yield (φ_PSII) of exposed leaves and of the second leaf pair developed after exposure was determined at a particular time up to 16 days following exposure. Maximum depression in quantum yield of exposed leaves from which a complete recovery occurred within 16 days was 63% for bromoxynil‐octanoate and 60% for metribuzin respectively. The corresponding maximum concentrations were 1.310 and 0.390 μg m^?3 respectively. The second leaf pair was also affected and showed a similar recovery potential. From the results it can be concluded that the significance of airborne bromoxynil‐octanoate and metribuzin must not be overestimated, as sunflower and non‐target plants with a similar sensitivity are likely to recover from air concentrations of both herbicides reported under field conditions.     

植物育种的物理学方法

介绍了草原生态恢复中选育优良牧草种子的一些物理学方法,包括电场、磁场、物理辐射、激光、离子束和交变应力等在植物的生物学效应、诱变育种和转基因技术中的应用.     

川西北高寒沙地不同年限高山柳林下优势植物碳、氮、磷生态化学计量特征

通过采集川西北高寒沙地不同年限(6、18、24年)高山柳林下3种优势植被藏沙蒿、裂叶独活和镰荚棘豆,分别测定分析3种植被叶片、根部C、N、P化学计量特征变化特征。结果表明:不同年限高山柳林下植被C、N、P含量及其比值间存在显著差异且呈现出不同变化趋势。林下植被C含量整体下降;叶N含量呈上升趋势,根N含量随年限增长而下降;除藏沙蒿外,林下植被P含量变化不显著;C∶N变化范围为1.92~12.86;C∶P为29.18~196.88;不同年限高山柳林下植被N∶P间虽存在差异,但均表现出主要受到P限制,表明该区域植被生长主要受P限制,应注意P养分的适当补充。     

Performance,rumen fermentation and blood metabolites of dairy calves fed starter mixtures supplemented with herbal plants,essential oils or monensin

This study evaluated the supplementation effects of three herbal plants (thyme [THY], eucalyptus [EUC] and celery [CEL]), a commercial phytogenic additive ?containing essential oils (PFA‐EO, Digestarom^® P.E.P.) and monensin (MON) in calf starter on performance, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites during pre‐ (days 3–55) and post‐weaning (days 56–70). Sixty‐six Holstein dairy calves (3 days of age, 41.2 ± 3 kg of BW) were allocated to one of six starters supplemented with: (i) no additives (CON), (ii) MON (30 mg/kg), (iii) THY (23 g/kg), (iv) CEL (23 g/kg), (v) EUC (23 g/kg) and (vi) PFA‐EO (3 g/kg). All the calves were offered starters ad libitum plus 6 L of whole milk daily. Starter intake tended to be the highest in calves fed PFA‐EO and THY; intermediate in calves fed CON, MON and EUC; and the lowest in those fed CEL. Average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE) remained unaffected by dietary treatments during the pre‐weaning. During the post‐weaning period, ADG and FE ?were greatest in calves fed EUC followed by those fed CON, MON, PFA‐EO and THY, and then in those fed CEL. No differences were observed among the treatments in skeletal growth, faecal score, rumen pH or ammonia‐N concentration. Compared to calves fed CON and MON, those fed the herbal plants or PFA‐EO tended to recorded higher molar proportions of acetate and butyrate, and the acetate: propionate ratio. Blood malondialdehyde level did not differ among treatments, but calves on CON had the highest glucose concentration, and those fed PFA‐EO recorded the highest value for β‐hydroxyl butyrate on day 70. In conclusion, the results indicate that the three herbs and PFA‐EO are capable of modulating some of the rumen fermentation parameters and blood metabolites as well as eucalyptus could potentially be a better alternative to monensin for improving post‐weaning performance.     

非洲凌霄在广州的栽培及园林应用

非洲凌霄(Podranea ricasoliana (Tanf.)Sprague)是紫葳科非洲凌霄属植物，原产非洲南部，近年引入广州栽培，通过近5年试种和繁殖试验，取得较好的效果。文章介绍其形态特征、生态习性、观赏特性、繁殖技术与苗圃栽培，并阐述其在园林中的多种应用方式，为其在广州园林的推广应用提供参考。