中国水稻栽植机械的发展

我国水稻生产历史悠久，在世界粮食生产中扮演着非常重要的角色。因此，选择一种适合于我国水稻种植的机械已成为当前及今后水稻生产中的主要问题。为此，阐述了我国水稻栽植机械化所面临的问题；同时，分析了几种水稻栽植技术模式，以对我国水稻栽植机械的发展提供依据和参考。     

甘蔗收获机智能设计知识表达及知识库系统开发

针对甘蔗收获机领域知识匮乏、重用、共享性差的问题, 通过研究该领域知识的特点,综合利用与或树产生式规则、框架和面向对象的方法表达该领域中的模糊知识及创新性知识, 通过与数据库软件的有效集成,创建智能设计知识库系统,通过对知识库的管理实现知识的获取和维护。     

宁夏引黄灌区小麦垄作节水高产栽培研究

在宁夏引黄灌区进行小麦垄作栽培试验：春小麦全生育期在降水量为89.2 mm条件下,灌水量为3 183m3/hm^2,比传统的平作栽培的小麦灌水量5 131.5 m3/hm^2节水38%,抗倒伏,锈病、白粉病等发病轻;冬小麦全生育期在降雨量为101 mm、灌水量为4 582.5m3/hm^2条件下,4个冬小麦品种（系）垄作栽培试验的单产为6 691.5～7 350kg/hm2,垄作小麦播种量为210kg/hm2的处理比播种量为240kg/hm^2处理省种30%,而产量提高0.5%～7.9%.“烟农19号”和2个新培育的冬小麦品系2002AW5012、2002AW5011适于垄作,其产量水平为9 295.5～9 636kg/hm^2,比对照品种“宁冬6号”增产10.5%～14.5%.     

无砂大孔绿化混凝土在河涌整治护

无砂大孔绿化混凝土多孔透水，其上可种植水生植物，用于河涌整治护岸工程，具有护岸、绿化造景、美化环境、改善水体生态平衡和净化水质等功能，是一种建造生态水工的绿色混凝土。试验发现无砂大孔绿化混凝土的最佳水灰比与水泥用量呈线性关系，随水泥用量增大而减小；强度随水泥用量增大而增大，呈线性关系；强度也随水灰比减小、龄期延长而增大。     

基于PCA-GA-SVM的甘蔗收获机运行状态识别

由于甘蔗收获机在收获过程中智能化水平较低,依靠人工操作很容易对甘蔗收获机的运行状态产生误判,从而造成物流通道堵塞、能源浪费、收割效率低。针对这些问题,提出一种基于主成分分析(PCA)、遗传算法(GA)和支持向量机(SVM)状态识别模型。首先,通过实地采集甘蔗收获机刀盘轴、行走轴、切段轴和风机轴扭矩和行驶速度特征信息,然后通过PCA进行数据降维,最后利用GA优化参数C、γ,使用每个特性信息来训练SVM,对甘蔗收获机运行状态进行分类。结果表明:PCA-GA-SVM状态识别模型对甘蔗收获机运行状态的识别准确率为93.75%,建模时间为3.688 s,与SVM(81.25%,9.487 s)、PCA-SVM(87.5%,5.817 s)和GA-SVM(90%,8.969 s)进行对比,该模型具有最高准确识别率和最快建模速度,具有较大的应用价值。     

分解蔗渣的研究I.菌株的选育及其固态发酵条件的研究

从蔗渣腐烂域筛选出一株高纤维素酶活力的特异青霉（Ｐ．ｎｏｔａｔｕｍ）ＹＢ－５，经紫外线和亚硝基胍诱变，获得一突变株ＹＢ－７，其生长快，产孢子多且无毒性。并研究了碳源、氮源、金属离子和表面活性剂对产酶的影响。在正交优化的固体培养基和优化培养条件下，６０ｈ时ＣＭＣａｓｅ、ＦＰＡ和β－葡萄糖苷酶活力分别可达２９．４ＩＵ／ｍｌ、８．４０ＩＵ／ｍｌ和２５．１ＩＵ／ｍｌ。     

我国欠发达地区医院图书馆的现状与对策

对我国欠发达地区医院图书馆的现状及普遍存在的问题进行了分析，并就如何根据当地实际，因地制宜采取措施，使医院图书馆在困境中求得发展提出了几点对策和建议。

     

半干旱气候区优质高效酿酒葡萄栽培技术

从整地、品种选择、苗木定植、树体管理、病虫害防治、采收、埋土越冬等方面介绍了半干旱气候区青铜峡市酿酒葡萄提质增效的栽培技术。     

Effects of different soil conservation tillage approaches on soil nutrients,water use and wheat-maize yield in rainfed dry-land regions of North China

Excessive tillage compromises soil quality by causing severe water shortages that can lead to crop failure. Reports on the effects of conservation tillage on major soil nutrients, water use efficiency and gain yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) in rainfed regions in the North China Plain are relatively scarce. In this work, four tillage approaches were tested from 2004 to 2012 in a randomized study performed in triplicate: one conventional tillage and three conservation tillage experiments with straw mulching (no tillage during wheat and maize seasons, subsoiling during the maize season but no tillage during the wheat season, and ridge planting during both wheat and maize seasons). Compared with conventional tillage, by 2012, eight years of conservation tillage treatments (no tillage, subsoiling and ridge planting) resulted in a significant increase in available phosphorus in topsoil (0–0.20 m), by 3.8%, 37.8% and 36.9%, respectively. Soil available potassium was also increased following conservation tillage, by 13.6%, 37.5% and 25.0%, and soil organic matter by 0.17%, 5.65% and 4.77%, while soil total nitrogen was altered by −2.33%, 4.21% and 1.74%, respectively. Meanwhile, all three conservation tillage approaches increased water use efficiency, by 19.1–28.4% (average 24.6%), 10.1–23.8% (average 15.9%) and 11.2–20.7% (average 15.7%) in wheat, maize and annual, respectively. Additionally, wheat yield was increased by 7.9–12.0% (average 10.3%), maize yield by 13.4–24.6% (average 17.4%) and rotation annual yield by 12.3–16.9% (average 14.1%). Overall, our findings demonstrate that subsoiling and ridge planting with straw mulching performed better than conventional tillage for enhancing major soil nutrients and improving grain yield and water use efficiency in rainfed regions in the North China Plain.     

广两优676在武夷山种植表现及高产栽培技术

广两优676是用广占63-4S与福恢676配制的优良杂交稻新品种,2013年通过国家农作物品种审定。2014年由武夷山市岚谷乡引进试种,表现出优质稳产,米质优,适应性广等特点。总结了广两优676在武夷山市岚谷乡作中稻种植表现及高产栽培技术。