Thermal shock induction of triploidy in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.)

The effects of thermal treatments on induction of triploidy in Atlantic cod have been investigated. Cold shock [−1.7±0.1°C at 20 min post fertilization (PF) for 2 h] was based on a previously developed protocol, and heat shocks, below the lethal threshold of 24°C, were at 16, 18 or 20°C applied 20, 30 or 40 min PF for 20 min. Cold shock did not affect larval survival and was ineffective for producing triploids (range 0–4%). A heat shock of 20°C at 20 min PF generated the highest percentages (range 66–100%) of triploid larvae at hatching, with survival ranging from 10% to 20% relative to the controls. Lower heat shock temperatures or delayed shocks increased survival but decreased the number of triploids, providing no net gain in triploid yield (range 1–9%). Heat shocks applied later than 20 min PF produced 2–4% tetraploid larvae at hatching. A thermal shock of 20°C initiated at 20 min PF and lasting 20 min proved to be the most generally efficient treatment for induction of triploidy in Atlantic cod.     

5种细胞质雄性不育小麦败育过程中活性氧代谢保护酶的响应

为了解异质雄性不育小麦败育过程中活性氧代谢中几种保护酶的变化特点,以5种小麦雄性不育系U116A、Ju116A、Va116A、C6116A、K116A及其相应保持系116B为材料,分析了小麦雄性不育系在花药不同发育时期的过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性与保持系的差异。结果表明,不育花药的POD活性自单核早期后均比同一发育时期的可育花药高;自单核晚期开始,不育系CAT活性总体上呈下降趋势,而可育系则呈升高趋势;受试材料花药中SOD活性总体呈上升趋势,且不育系高于保持系。经差异分析,不育系U116A、Ju116A、Va116A、C6116A的败育关键期是单核晚期,而K116A的败育关键期则是单核晚期至二核期。以上结果说明,5种异质小麦雄性败育时期有所不同,并且雄性育性与POD、CAT和SOD活性密切相关。     

Development ofNew InDel Marker to Detect Genotypes of Conferring Fertility Restoration of BT-Type Cytoplasmic Male Sterility inRice简

Restorer line breeding is an important approach to enhance the heterosis and improve the yields of japonica hybrid rice. To improve the selection efficiency of restorer lines for BT-type cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in japonica rice, a functional marker InDel-Rf-1a based on the difference of nucleotide sequence in Rf-1a locus between BT-type CMS lines and restorer lines was developed to detect the genotypes of different rice materials. Conventional indica rice varieties, restorer and maintainer lines without 574 bp deletion could restore the fertility for BT-type CMS in japonica rice. By contrast, most conventional japonica rice varieties except Aichi 106 and Yijing 12, with genotype of rf-1arf-1a showed the 574 bp deletion maintained sterility for BT-type CMS lines. To further verify the effect of genotyping detection in Rf-1a locus, this marker was also used to amplify the genomic DNA in different japonica rice restorer lines, CMS lines, hybrids and F₂ segregation population, and three genotypes in Rf-1a locus could be distinguished distinctly. Therefore, the marker InDel-Rf-1a could be widely used for genetic identification and marker-assisted selection (MAS) in breeding japonica restorer lines.     

Introgression of Gene for Non-Pollen Type Thermo-Sensitive Genic Male Sterility to Thai Rice Cultivars

For the two-line hybrid rice system, pol en sterility is regulated by recessive gene that responds to temperature. The recessive gene controlling thermo-sensitive genetic male sterility （TGMS） is expressed when the plants are grown in conditions with higher or lower critical temperatures. To transfer tgms gene（s） control ing TGMS to Thai rice cultivars by backcross breeding method, a male sterile line was used as a donor parent while Thai rice cultivars ChaiNat 1, PathumThani 1, and SuphanBuri 1 were used as recurrent parents. The BC2F2 lines were developed from backcrossing and selfing. Moreover, the simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers were developed for identifying tgms gene and the linked marker was used for assisting selection in backcrossing. The identification lines were confirmed by pol en observation. The results showed the success of introgression of the tgms gene into Thai rice cultivars. These lines will be tested for combining ability and used as female parent in hybrid rice production in Thailand.     

利用花培与辐照诱变培育粳型两系不育系江79S

为创制新的两系不育系,并将其应用于强优势杂交水稻品种培育,综合利用花培和诱变技术培育了粳稻两系不育系江79S。取培矮64S/粳稻H179的F₁幼穗,利用花药培养技术培育获得一个粳型光温敏不育系S79;后采用高能碳离子束处理S79干种子,在其后代中选育了一个熟期突变体GS79(江79S),其在长日照和短日照条件下始穗表现不同,分别较S79早7 d左右和迟5 d左右。观察江79S的育性转换特性,发现其在嘉兴种植时,每年9月8日左右开始出现可育花粉并开始结实;在陵水种植时,植株正常结实且结实率达80%以上。人工气候箱光温敏特性鉴定结果表明,江79S在长日照条件下育性转换温度低于23.5℃。稻米品质和抗性鉴定结果为江79S米质达农业部(现农业农村部)部颁三级优质米标准,苗叶期抗稻瘟病。对江79S进行全基因组测序,分析发现其携带源自农垦58S的光敏不育基因pms1和pms3,且含携带抗稻瘟病基因pi21、Pia、Pid3和Pita,与其高抗苗瘟的特性相一致。以江79S配制的亚种间杂交水稻品种江两优7901通过了国家主要农作物品种审定。本研究结果为综合运用花培和辐照诱变技术培育新两系不育系材料提供了研究方法。     

水稻雌雄不育突变体Osfma2的细胞学观察及基因图位克隆

【目的】通过构建分离群体定位并克隆水稻雌雄不育基因OsFMA2,并对其在水稻育性调控中的功能进行探究。【方法】通过EMS诱变水稻宁粳4号得到稳定的不育突变体,对突变体进行表型及细胞学观察,利用精细定位和Mut-map相结合的方法克隆了水稻雌雄不育基因OsFMA2,通过实时荧光定量PCR检测其在各组织表达水平差异,利用水稻原生质体表达系统进行OsFMA2蛋白的亚细胞定位。【结果】细胞学观察发现突变体为雌雄不育。利用极端个体将其精细定位于水稻第6染色体长臂448 kb的区间内。结合全基因组重测序结果,最终确定OsFMA2为目标基因。该基因编码一个复制蛋白,在单子叶植物中高度保守。OsFMA2具有组织特异性,在幼穗中高表达。亚细胞定位结果显示OsFMA2蛋白定位于细胞核中。【结论】OsFMA2在幼穗中高表达,可能参与了水稻雄配子第一次减数分裂前期同源重组过程,同时,OsFMA2的表达对雌配子发育也产生了不利影响。     

感光型杂交稻不育系博A的创新与应用

回顾感光型杂交稻不育系博A的选育过程,博A在配组感光型杂交稻品种上的广泛应用和显著成绩,以及其恢复系博B在培育新不育系博ⅡA、博ⅢA、西A上的应用,并提出对博A进行更高层次研究与利用的思路.     

天丰A高温复育特性及其杂交组合天优华占制种基地的选择

为解决杂交稻组合天优华占制种不安全问题,对天丰A高温复育特性及其杂交组合天优华占制种基地和时段选择进行研究。通过不同生态区分期播种试验,明确母本天丰A的育性特性;利用研制的杂交稻制种基地和时段气象决策系统,通过分析该组合制种"3个安全期"(育性敏感安全期、抽穗扬花安全期、收获成熟安全期)的风险概率,筛选最佳制种地点和时段。结果表明,天丰A高温复育临界温度为27.8℃;对全国740个气象站点50年历史气象资料进行分析后的结果表明,在不同地点和时段进行天优华占制种的安全性差异很大,在海南三亚等基地制种比较适宜。2013年在海南三亚制种基地进行天优华占制种,其单产达3 750 kg/hm2,证实了所筛选到的制种基地和时段是有效的。     

贝奥雄性不育灭鼠剂对玛可河林区达乌尔鼠兔的防治效果研究

[目的]考察贝奥雄性不育剂对达鸟尔鼠兔的防治效果。[方法]采用百夹日法调查。[结果]试验地达鸟尔鼠兔种群密度下降11．34％。[结论]贝奥雄性不育剂适于在玛可河林区对达乌尔鼠兔进行防治,且效果佳。     

优质水稻黄华占雄性不育突变体的筛选及初步分析

利用EMS(甲磺酸乙酯)处理优质水稻品种黄华占种子,经过田间筛选和对M1、M2代连续的遗传分析得到317份独立的、能够稳定遗传的、由单隐性核基因控制的雄性不育突变材料.通过对花器官形态观察及花粉染色分析,初步将这些突变体材料分为6类,其中花粉发育突变体在不同的花粉发育时期出现异常.这些突变材料为深入研究水稻雄性不育分子机制及开展分子设计育种提供充足的材料.98个无粉型雄性不育突变体用于雄性不育基因TDR的测序分析,其中3个突变体在3个不同的位置上出现单碱基突变.