Chloride Transport in Splitting Cracked Concrete at Marine Tidal Zone

The chloride ion transport in concretes with different size of splitting cracks at marine tidal zone is investigated. The splitting crack widths of concrete are about 003 mm, 005 mm, 010 mm, 015 mm and 030 mm. The cracked concrete and sound concrete are placed at marine tidal zone for 30 d, and the chloride ion content in crack zone and perimeter zone of concrete, chloride ion penetration depth and steel bar corrosion area are quantitatively determined. It is shown that splitting crack will be recovered when the concrete is unloaded in split test. And the splitting crack width of concrete should be characterized by the value of displacement sensor when the concrete is unloaded in split test. The chloride ion content of cracked concrete decreases with increased depth, and then gets to remain steady from 10 mm to the inner. The relationship between chloride ion content and crack width in the steady zone can be regressed as the exponential function and the linear function for the crack zone and the perimeter zone of concrete, respectively. Due to away from the crack zone, the influence of splitting crack width on accelerated chloride ion ingression in the perimeter zone is less than that in the crack zone. When the splitting crack width is more than 005 mm, the chloride ion penetration depth in crack plane and in vertical crack plane of concrete is 50 mm and 20 mm, respectively. And the steel corrosion area enlarges with the increasing crack width. And the chloride diffusion coefficient of cracked concrete is closely related to the resistance capacity to chloride penetration of concrete, crack density (matrix width, crack width), and chloride binding capacity of concrete. When the crack density of concrete is less than 70, the chloride diffusion coefficient of cracked concrete increases with decreased crack density linearly. The chloride penetration will accelerate near the crack zone. And the raised splitting crack width will lead to its influence area in concrete increased quickly.     

纵向无刻痕一体化竹展平技术解析

基于现有“刻痕”和“扎眼”等有损伤竹展平技术,通过对圆竹定段、壁厚分级、锯切剖分、分段软化、定弧定厚微整形、一体化展平和多段干燥等工序的技术创新,实现了竹材纵向无刻痕一体化展平,制得的竹展平板表观质量好,力学性能优良,板材出材率高。结合该技术在工厂的实际应用情况,缩短软化和展平时间,实现高温条件下快速展平及提高各生产工序之间的连续化水平,进一步提升板材质量和降低生产成本,将成为今后的研究重点。     

纤维加筋固化土抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度试验

基于固化土易产生裂缝导致使用寿命下降的工程特性,采用正交试验设计方法,研究了聚酯纤维和土壤固化剂对土体的抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度的影响。研究认为:MBER土壤固化剂剂量为12%,纤维掺量为0.9 kg/m3时,杨凌黄土的抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度达到最大值,分别为3.63 MPa、0.52 MPa。结果表明:MBER土壤固化剂可以有效提高杨凌黄土的抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度,聚酯纤维对固化土的抗压强度基本没有贡献,可部分提高土体的劈裂抗拉强度。     

Analysis of weight uniformity, content uniformity and 30-day stability in halves and quarters of routinely prescribed cardiovascular medications

Objectives

Congenital and acquired cardiac disorders are frequently diagnosed in small breed dogs and cats. In order to appropriately dose cardiovascular drugs for small patients, fractions of commercially available tablets must be prescribed. The aims of this study were to evaluate weight and content uniformity and 30-day chemical stability in halves and quarters of 11 drug formulations commonly prescribed to treat cardiovascular disorders in small breed dogs and cats.

Animals, materials and methods

Fifteen tablets from 11 drug formulations were obtained within the same lot. Tablets were split by a single operator using a commercially available pill splitter. Whole tablets, halves and quarters were weighed and stored in plastic containers. High-pressure liquid chromatography or liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry were utilized to determine drug content and repeated 30 days later to estimate chemical stability.

Results

Statistically significant weight variability, content non-uniformity and chemical degradation were found for some formulations. Digoxin showed a significant degradation that should be considered in clinical practice.

Conclusions

It appears that pill splitting is overall a relatively reliable practice; however tablets should not be split ahead of time but only immediately prior to intended usage.     

利用基因拆分技术培育耐草甘膦转基因水稻的研究

耐除草剂转基因水稻基因飘流可能产生的环境安全问题是人们关注的焦点之一,并已成为耐除草剂转基因水稻能否在我国生产上发挥效益的限制因素。基因拆分技术能够有效地控制转基因目标性状飘流,为培育耐除草剂转基因水稻提供新的途径和思路。本研究将耐除草剂基因G2-aroA拆分成N端(EPSPSn,1～295aa)和C端(EPSPSc,296～435aa),分别与SspDnaE蛋白内含肽的N端(Intein-N)和C端(Intein-C)连接形成融合基因EPSPSn-In与Ic-EPSPSc,并分别通过农杆菌介导法转入受体材料中花11。Southern杂交证明转基因水稻En-12和Ec-22中外源基因为单拷贝插入。侧翼序列分析证明转基因水稻En-12和Ec-22中外源基因分别插入第2和第6染色体。利用四引物法筛选出转基因水稻En-12和Ec-22的纯合系,并通过有性杂交获得同时含有EPSPSn-In与Ic-EPSPSc的转基因水稻En×Ec。草甘膦抗性分析发现,单独含有1个基因片段的转基因水稻En-12和Ec-22不具有耐受草甘膦特性,而同时含有2个基因片段的转基因水稻En×Ec具有耐受草甘膦的特性,说明拆分后的2个蛋白片段在intein的介导下重新组装成完整有功能蛋白,并赋予转基因水稻耐受草甘膦的特性。转基因水稻En×Ec与含有完整G2-aroA转基因水稻G2-6相比,其耐受草甘膦的能力有所下降,但能够满足生产需求。本研究结果为利用基因拆分技术培育转基因耐草甘膦水稻提供了科学依据,同时也为利用基因工程手段培育转基因杂交稻提供了新的技术平台。     

结球甘蓝抗裂球机理及防治措施研究进展

从裂球的遗传因素、叶球解剖特征、生理特性、环境条件、栽培措施等方面分析了结球甘蓝裂球发生的原因,并提出了相应的预防措施。     

云南松胚根与胚轴伸长对遮荫、微波和IBA处理的响应

全光照和75％遮荫作为裂区，微波辐射和IBA浸种采用L9（3^4）正交设计进行裂区下的正交试验，了解以上3因素对云南松苗木胚根和胚轴伸长的影响。结果表明，胚根和胚轴在全光照时的理论优水平组合分别为A2 B1和A1 B2；在75％遮荫时分别为A1 B1和A2 B2，仅胚轴在全光照时的理论优水平组合与实际试验结果相一致。全光照下微波辐射促进胚根伸长，而75％遮荫下其促进胚轴伸长。0.1 g/L的IBA浸种促进胚根和胚轴的伸长。     

放牧强度对黄土丘陵沟壑区生物土壤结皮分布格局的影响

【目的】明确放牧强度对生物土壤结皮（生物结皮）分布格局的影响。【方法】以黄土丘陵沟壑区4个典型的退耕还林（草）县（市）的退耕草地为对象,以单位面积羊粪球数(羊粪球密度)表征放牧强度,将放牧强度划分为轻度（羊粪球数0~10个/m²）、中度（羊粪球数＞10~20个/m²）、重度（羊粪球数＞20个/m²）3个强度,分别记作G1、G2、G3,以退耕封禁草地为对照(G0),基于景观生态学方法,通过拍照和GIS图像处理,采用景观格局指数定量分析了生物结皮分布格局的变化。【结果】放牧影响退耕草地生物结皮的盖度及组成,其中G2和G3处理藓结皮盖度显著低于G0和G1处理;藻结皮盖度随放牧强度的增加呈增大趋势,地衣结皮盖度无显著变化。放牧降低了生物结皮厚度,其中G3处理生物结皮厚度显著低于G0和G1处理。随着放牧强度的增加,藻生物量呈增大趋势,但各处理间差异不显著;而藓生物量呈降低趋势。与G0处理相比,放牧显著降低了生物结皮斑块的连结度,而增加了分离度,其中G3处理斑块连结度显著降低,而分离度显著增加。随着放牧强度的增加,生物结皮斑块密度变化不显著,斑块盖度、斑块连结度降低,而景观形状指数、分离度增加。放牧强度与生物结皮斑块盖度、斑块连结度、斑块分离度之间显著相关,拟合结果显示均呈二次函数关系。【结论】中度和重度放牧强度（羊粪球数>10个/m²）导致生物结皮斑块破碎化及退化。     

人工神经网络在PID控制算法中的应用

根据过程实测的输入输出数据，将实际对象输出的旧值输入BP网络的输入层，从而得到一动态神经网络，作为控制中非线性系统的预测模型。既利用了系统的已知规律，提高了辨识的可靠性，又使得网络结构不必过于庞大，改善了实时性。分析了积分分离PID控制算法，在此基础上，将应用最广泛的PID控制器与具有自学习功能的神经网络相结合。得到了基于BP神经网络的PID控制算法。在已有的控制系统中嵌入了神经网络控制算法，用以调节PID控制器的三个可调参数Kρ，KI，KD。     

成品油输送管网水力模型与仿真

针对成品油管网的工艺特点,以由管道、泵、阀门组成的管网系统为研究目标,运用流体网络基本定律建立数学模型,并运用网络分流算法进行计算,进而获得输送周期内管网系统各分支管道的压力和流量等信息,预测管网在预期工况下的实际操作情况。其主要依据是对于任何集中参数的网络,与任何节点关联的所有分支流量的代数和等于该节点的流量。将管网看作一棵树,将余支作为基准分支,通过树枝加余支的办法形成基本回路矩阵,拟定基准分支和初始流量,由拟定的基准分支,任意选取一独立的回路矩阵,计算Jacobi矩阵与阻力矩阵。基于简单管网算例,验证了上述模型和算法的精度、速度以及稳定性,认为其可以为管道设计和运行管理提供参考依据。