U形渠道圆头量水柱测流影响因素试验及模拟

为研究U形渠道圆头量水柱的测流规律及影响因素,基于绕流理论和RNG k-ε湍流模型,对18种体型圆头量水柱5种工况下的水力性能进行全流场数值计算,获得了时均流场、断面流速分布及柱后水流流态,并与实测值进行对比。同时,通过模型试验与数值仿真研究了V形尾翼对测流的影响。结果表明:水力参数的实测值与模拟值具有较好的一致性,渠道底坡为1/1 000,流量为45.01 L/s,收缩比及长宽比分别为0.50和2时,驻点处横断面最大流速模拟值与实测值相对误差为1.51%,水深15 cm位置剖面最大流速模拟值与实测值相对误差为0.45%。适宜长宽比的V形尾翼可以有效改善过槽水流:当收缩比为0.50~0.75时,建议长宽比为3/2~2;当收缩比0.50时,长宽比应相应增大,但不宜5/2。通过回归分析得到的圆头量水柱流量计算公式,在收缩比为0.63时最大测流误差为4.95%,平均误差仅为0.10%,该研究为圆头量水柱在中国北方灌区末级渠系的进一步应用提供参考。     

牛舍冷风机-风管上置置换通风系统设计及降温效果

为了探索一种高效且运行成本低的牛舍降温方式,该试验通过设计合理的风管布置和开口,采取上置置换通风的模式对肉牛舍降温。该设计方案用计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)的方法验证其可行性,并通过实际测试设定风机开启和关闭的适宜时间,试验表明:处理舍系统产生的冷风大量流向牛活动区域,温湿度梯度比对照舍明显,达到了局部降温的节能目的。该系统开启后,10:00-18:00期间,处理舍牛的平均热负荷指数(heat load index,HLI)比对照舍降低7.4(P0.01),平均呼吸频率降低12次/min(P0.01),平均日增质量提高0.37 kg/d(P0.01),缓解了肉牛的热应激,提高了肉牛的养殖效益。处理舍由于相对封闭,故牛活动区域平均相对湿度、CO2和NH3浓度分别比对照舍高26.8%、252 mg/m3、0.54 mg/m3(P0.01),但牛舍环境空气质量符合相关行业标准的要求。该试验为冷风机-风管通风降温系统设计提供了一些参考参数,有利于该系统的优化,并发挥更好的降温效果。     

PR结构域蛋白1(PRDM1)慢病毒表达载体的构建及其对脐带间充质干细胞(hUC-MSC)向生殖细胞诱导分化的影响

PR结构域蛋白1基因(PR domain containing 1,with ZNF domain,PRDM1)作为原始生殖细胞(primordial germ cell,PGC)形成过程中的一个重要起始因子,在胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cell,ESC)向PGC的发育分化过程中发挥重要作用。为了研究其在成体干细胞诱导分化中的作用,本研究PCR克隆获得小鼠(Mus musculus)PRDM1基因(GenBank登录号:JX154081.1),构建了PRDM1慢病毒表达载体pCDH-PRDM1,通过293T细胞包装病毒,用携带有PRDM1基因的病毒颗粒转导脐带间充质干细胞(human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell,hUC-MSC)。结果表明,PRDM1基因成功在hUC-MSC中超表达;PRDM1基因能引起生殖相关基因胚胎特定时期抗原-1(stage-specific embryonic antigen-1,SSEA-1)、多能性相关蛋白3(developmental pluripotency associated 3 Dppa3,STELLA)、干细胞生长因子受体(stem cell growth factor receptor,C-KIT)和性别决定基因-同源盒2(sex determining region Y-box 2,SOX2)的上调,为进一步研究该基因的功能和提高干细胞向生殖细胞诱导分化研究奠定了一定的基础,并且为hUCMSC向生殖细胞的诱导分化提供了一个新的思路。     

Effect of experimental endotoxemia on thrombelastography parameters, secondary and tertiary hemostasis in dogs

Background: Thrombelastography (TEG) and indicators of secondary and tertiary hemostasis might be altered in dogs with endotoxemia. Hypothesis: Endotoxemia influences measures of coagulation in dogs. Animals: Ten healthy cross‐bred dogs. Material and Methods: Prospective laboratory study between controls (n = 5) receiving 0.9% saline IV and the study group (n = 5) treated with low‐dose lipopolysaccharide (0.02 mg/kg IV). Physical examination and sampling for measurement of leukocytes, platelets, and coagulation variables were performed at time points 0, 1, 4, and 24 hours. Coagulation variables included kaolin‐activated TEG, 1‐stage prothrombin time (OSPT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen, factor VIII, antithrombin, protein C, protein S, activated protein C (APC)‐ratio calculated from aPTT with and without presence of APC), and D‐Dimers. Results: Endotoxemia‐induced clinical signs included lethargy (n = 5/5), diarrhea (n = 4/5), emesis (n = 4/5), and abdominal pain (2/5). After 1 hour there was severe leukopenia (2.5 ± 0.7 × 10⁹/L; mean ± SD, P < .0001) and a 2.2‐fold increase in D‐Dimers (0.81 ± 0.64 mg/L, P < .0001). After 4 hours there was hyperthermia (40.3 ± 0.4°C, P < .0001) and increases in OSPT (10.5 ± 2.7 seconds, P < .0001), aPTT (16.7±5.2 seconds, P= 0.002). A significant decrease in fibrinogen (1.5±1.0 g/L, P= 0.001), protein C (31 ± 33%, P <.0001), protein S (63 ± 47%, P < .0001), TEG α (58 ± 19, P= .007), and TEG maximal amplitude (50 ± 19 mm, P= .003) was seen compared with the controls. APC‐ratio rose significantly (2.5 ± 0.2, P < .0001) without exceeding the reference interval (n = 4/5). Conclusion and Clinical Importance: D‐Dimers are the earliest indicator for endotoxemia‐associated coagulation abnormalities followed by decreased protein C concentration. APC‐ratio and TEG were not good screening variables.     

One-stage prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, fibrin degradation product concentration, and antithrombin activity in healthy adult alpacas

Background: Alpacas are increasingly presented to veterinarians for evaluation and care. Reports of alpaca reference intervals for one‐stage prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin time (TT), concentration of fibrin degradation products (FDP), and antithrombin (AT) activities are scarce or nonexistent. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine values for blood coagulation times (PT, aPTT, and TT), FDP concentrations, and AT activities in healthy adult alpacas. Methods: Of blood samples collected from 35 clinically healthy adult alpacas via jugular venipuncture and placed into sodium citrate and FDP tubes, 29 samples were assayable for coagulation testing. PT, aPTT, and TT were determined by physical (mechanical) clot detection; AT activity was determined using a thrombin‐specific chromogenic substrate end‐point assay; and FDP concentrations were determined by the slide agglutination method. Results: Median values and ranges (minimum–maximum) were determined for PT (8.7 seconds, 6.6–11.2 seconds), aPTT (17.3 seconds, 11.9–22.5 seconds), TT (10.2 seconds, 5.4–16.0 seconds), and AT activity (123.3%, 104.8–144.2%). The mean concentration of FDP was <8 μg/mL. Conclusion: These values for coagulation times, FDP concentration, and AT activity will provide a useful starting point in the diagnostic evaluation of ill adult alpacas.     

3WY-A3型喷雾机变量喷雾实时混药控制试验

为依据作物对药液的实际需求进行变量喷施,达到节约农药和保护环境的目的,该文针对3WY-A3手推式喷雾机,设计了一种实时混药式变量喷雾系统.该系统主要包括混药装置、差压流量计、流量控制阀和控制系统硬件及软件等.通过实时混药控制试验,结果表明,药流量的控制范围为0.1～0.9 mL/s,误差在士5％左右.该研究可为实时混药...     

开合屋顶可行性方案设计

文章主要介绍了开合屋顶的概念、特性,概述开合屋顶的产生、发展及应用特点。提出宁波新芝宾馆采用OpenAire欧锐轻型开合屋顶的方案。     

利用数字高程模型改进高山灰岩坑土壤pH值预测

Among spatial interpolation techniques,geostatistics is generally preferred because it takes into account the spatial correlation between neighbouring observations in order to predict attribute values at unsampled locations.A doline of approximately 15 000 m 2 at 1 900 m above sea level (North Italy) was selected as the study area to estimate a digital elevation model (DEM) using geostatistics,to provide a realistic distribution of the errors and to demonstrate whether using widely available secondary data provided more accurate estimates of soil pH than those obtained by univariate kriging.Elevation was measured at 467 randomly distributed points that were converted into a regular DEM using ordinary kriging.Further,110 pits were located using spatial simulated annealing (SSA) method.The interpolation techniques were multi-linear regression analysis (MLR),ordinary kriging (OK),regression kriging (RK),kriging with external drift (KED) and multi-collocated ordinary cokriging (CKmc).A cross-validation test was used to assess the prediction performances of the different algorithms and then evaluate which methods performed best.RK and KED yielded better results than the more complex CKmc and OK.The choice of the most appropriate interpolation method accounting for redundant auxiliary information was strongly conditioned by site specific situations.     

秦巴山区土壤信息系统的建设研究

棵间土壤蒸发是塔克拉玛干沙漠公路防护林耗水的重要组成部分。应用Micro-Lysimeters测定了1个灌溉周期内咸水滴灌下距林木不同位置处的土壤蒸发量。分析了土壤蒸发与水面蒸发的关系,通过一维平差处理对防护林土壤蒸发量进行了估算。结果表明,塔里木沙漠公路防护林棵间土壤蒸发具有明显的季节变化特征。试验初期棵间土壤蒸发量:根基部>距根基50cm处>距根基100cm处;第5d以后,根基50cm处>根基部>距根基100cm处。林地土壤蒸发随土壤含水量的减低呈整体下降趋势。通过估算,咸水滴灌下整个防护林年土壤蒸发总量为2.63×106 m3,占总灌水量的21.43%,生长季蒸发量占全年蒸发量的92.28%。     

密度与氮肥配合对垄沟覆膜栽培冬小麦干物质累积及产量的影响

为协调冬小麦个-群体间关系,建立适宜的群体结构,充分发挥旱作条件下垄沟栽培优势,以小偃22为材料,采用二元二次旋转组合设计,通过2年田间试验研究了垄沟覆膜、垄下集中施肥模式下种植密度与施氮量对冬小麦个-群体间干物质累积及产量的影响。结果表明,个体干物质累积量随种植密度的增加呈降低趋势。2008～2009年群体干物质累积量随种植密度的增加而减小;2009～2010年群体干物质累积量随种植密度的增加而增加。花期单茎干物质累积量不受施氮量的影响;而成熟期个体干物质累积量随施氮量的增加而增加。冬小麦群体干物质累积量均随施氮量的增加而增加。冬小麦能够通过分蘖调节自身的群体结构,不能盲目的通过增加播种量增加小麦群体密度;适量的增施氮肥有利于个体与群体发育。本试验条件下,冬小麦品种小偃22在中等密度（112 kg/hm2）与较高施氮量（N 201～214 kg/hm2）配置时,个群体关系比较协调,个体发育健壮,群体干物质累积量和产量较高。