基于GIS与马尔可夫模型的渭河盆地景观动态变化研究

基于1988年与2003年两期TM影像,综合遥感与GIS技术以及景观生态学理论,深入分析了渭河盆地景观变化的数量和空间特征以及由此所引起的一系列生态环境效应,主要表现在:耕地、园地与城镇建设用地面积显著增加,林地、水体和未利用地面积呈减少趋势,城镇建设用地的增加是以侵占大量农田为代价的,而园地与耕地的增加则主要是通过开荒的方式。景观形状趋于复杂,破碎度降低,异质性下降,景观类型有向单一化或非均衡化方向发展的趋势,表明人类的开发活动增强,这样必然导致景观稳定性下降,因而降低了景观抗干扰的能力。最后采用马尔可夫模型对景观的变化趋势进行了预测。     

高寒珠芽蓼草甸植被生物量的季节动态特征

调查了甘肃省天祝县珠芽蓼高寒草甸,结果表明,调查草甸的主要植物有26种,隶属13科23属。其中珠芽蓼(0.148)为优势种,次优势种有乳白香青、球花蒿、线叶嵩草等。通过对珠芽蓼草甸群落组成和结构的季节动态的研究分析发现,地上植物量在整个生长季中表现为单峰曲线,地下植物量变化呈现“V”型曲线,环境因子是制约珠芽蓼草甸植物生长发育和植物量的主导因子。     

夏河甘加草原草地蝗虫优势种的确定及混合种群密度高峰值模型研究

通过对夏河甘加草原草地蝗虫种群存在度分析,确定该地区草地蝗虫优势种为狭翅雏蝗、小翅雏蝗、宽须蚁蝗、皱膝蝗(红翅皱膝蝗和鼓翅皱膝蝗)。对气象因子进行了主成分分析,提出了一年高峰值(yn)、产卵期的平均降水(x1)和温度(x2)、本年孵化期平均气温(x3)和降水(x3)为关键因子的非线性模型:yn+1=18.110 6+0.328 3x1+32.229 9/lnx2-182.237 3e-0.8x3+42.173 3x4e-x4)yn来描述混合种群的密度高峰值,且拟合度较高。     

Estradiol stimulated proliferation and differentiation of prostatic stromal cells through regulation of BPH-1 paracrine

AIM: To characterize the effect of estradiol on proliferation, differentiation and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation in stromal cells through regulation of BPH-1 paracrine. METHODS: BPH-1 cells were stimulated with different concentrations of estradiol. Conditioned media (CM) were harvested and their effects on stromal cell cultures were tested. Cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay. mRNA of smoothelin, fibronectin, collagen Ⅳ and transforming growth factor β₁(TGF-β₁) were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. Western blotting was used to determine smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SMMHC). ELISA and radioimmunoassay were respectively used to measure fibronectin, TGF-β₁ and collagen Ⅳ protein expressions.RESULTS: Estrodiol stimulated the expression and secretion of TGF-β₁ in BPH-1 cells. The proliferation of stromal cells increased when they were cultured with CM harvested from estrogen treated BPH-1 cells. The mRNA levels of collagen Ⅳ and smoothelin increased in stromal cells treated with CM from BPH-1 cells. The results of radioimmunoassay also showed that the collagen Ⅳ protein level up-regulated in the supernatants and cell extracts of CM-treated stromal cells. A neutralizing antibody to TGF-β₁ inhibited the stimulation of collagen Ⅳ and SMMHC by BPH-1 CM. The expression of fibronectin was only marginally changed in stromal cells cultured in the presence of BPH-1 CM. CONCLUSION: The BPH-1 cells increase ECM accumulation and differentiation of stromal cells through TGF-β₁. Estradiol stimulate differentiation of stromal cells by induction of TGF-β₁ expression. Estradiol stimulate proliferation by influencing the factors secreted from prostatic epithelial cells.     

晋西黄土丘陵边缘土石山区天然次生林群落β多样性研究

对晋西黄土丘陵边缘土石山区不同海拔高度木本植物物种丰富度以及各群落间β多样性特征进行了分析.结果表明,木本植物总物种丰富度随海拔高度的升高呈下降趋势,乔木种在海拔较高地段丰富度较大,灌木种则是在海拔较低地段丰富度较大.群落相异性指数Cody指数和Whittaker 指数多以相邻海拔群落间的指数值最小,群落间海拔差异越大指数值越大.而群落相似性指数Jaccard和Sorenson指数则表现出相反的变化规律,即随着群落间海拔差距的增大,指数值呈逐渐减小的趋势,相邻群落间的群落相似性指数值最大.     

The spore coat of the bean anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is required for adhesion, appressorium development and pathogenicity

The spores (conidia) of the bean anthracnose fungal pathogen, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, adhere to the aerial parts of plants to initiate the infection process. In previous studies we have shown that the Colletotrichum spores are surrounded by a fibrillar spore coat, comprising several major glycoproteins. Previous evidence showed that a monoclonal antibody (UB20) that recognised these glycoproteins was able to inhibit adhesion of spores to a hydrophobic surface. In this paper we have further studied the role of the spore coat in adhesion, germination and fungal development by studying the effects of UB20 and protease treatment of spores. The latter treatment has previously been shown to remove the spore coat. Spores germinate on glass, polystyrene and water agar, however, appressoria only develop on glass or polystyrene, showing a requirement for a hard surface. Removal of the spore coat with protease inhibits adhesion at 30 min, before the secretion of ECM glycoproteins. Protease treatment also inhibits the development of appressoria and reduces pathogenicity on leaves. Incubation of spores with the MAb UB20 inhibits adhesion at 30 min, but does not affect appressorium formation or pathogenicity. The results suggest that an intact spore coat has two functions; it is required for adhesion to a hydrophobic surface and for the detection of a hard surface necessary for appressorium formation. We suggest that contact with a hard surface, rather than adhesion, is the key event leading to appressorium formation.     

Influence of Sucrose, Mucin and Xanthan Gum on Spore Germination of Ten Different Fungi

Germination of conidia, uredospores and basidiospores of ten diverse fungi were compared in sterile distilled water, 0.5% sucrose, 0.5% mucin and 0.5% xanthan gum. All three compounds generally increased spore germination on cellophane membranes compared to water, but mucin was the most effective. Mucin stimulated significantly more germination than sucrose for 7 of the 10 fungi, and only Aspergillus niger and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides showed greater spore germination in sucrose than in mucin. Sucrose had no effect on uredospore or basidiospore germination, but mucin stimulated germination of these spores. Mucin was more effective than xanthan gum in increasing spore germination for 9 of the 10 fungi. Animal mucin is chemically similar to the natural spore matrix of some fungi and may provide some of the benefits of the spore matrix without the drawback of possible germination inhibitors. Animal mucin may be a useful substitute for the spore matrix in inoculations of a variety of fungi.     

基于Lefkovitch矩阵模型的山酢浆草种群动态分析

依据林下多年生草本植物山酢浆草Oxalis griffithii的形态学特征,将其生活史划分为4个阶段,并根据3种生境下山酢浆草种群的野外调查资料建立了不同种群的Lefkovitch结构矩阵模型,在此基础上预测了山酢浆草种群的动态及其阶段结构的变化;同时,运用敏感度、贡献率指标分析了影响种群动态的关键生活史阶段。结果表明：不同生境下山酢浆草种群的动态发展趋势不尽相同,常绿阔叶林下的种群（MD）呈稳定发展状态,其他2种生境下种群表现出衰退的发展趋势;种群的动态变化过程受个体的生长、残存、萎缩和繁殖等的综合影响;不同生活史阶段对种群动态的影响差异显著,种群动态过程及其发展趋势主要受种群内较大阶段个体的影响。图2表5参19     

白菜型油菜双显性核不育896AB恢复系基因型的鉴定

以白菜型油菜双显性核不育896AB为材料，采用成对兄妹交和相应可育株自交，验证显性不育基因的遗传;用恢复系与全不育系测交，测交一代与临保系复交，验证显性恢复基因的抑制作用，并区分F2代育性分离为3:1和13:3的遗传类型。经4个年度的研究认为，育性是由一对显性不育基因MSMS和一对显性可育基因RfRf互作控制，且显性可育基