人工林可持续经营认证标准与指标问题

阐述了森林认证对于人工林可持续经营的必要性。依据黑龙江森工林区人工林经营实践和森林认证在该地区的发展情况，讨论了FSC原则和标准框架下本区域森林可持续经营认证的人工林标准与指标问题。认为标准与指标应该针对本区域天然林破碎严重，人工林树种单一、稳定性差、生长量低、生态效益不好等一系列问题，提出了人工林标准与指标的基本内容。     

尾巨桉、马占相思和马尾松人工林的土壤肥力比较

通过改进的内梅罗(Nemerow)综合指数对尾巨桉、马占相思、马尾松三种人工林的土壤肥力进行了综合评价,结果表明三种人工林A层土壤肥力综合指标值是尾巨桉>马占相思>马尾松,B层土壤肥力综合指标值是马占相思>马尾松>尾叶桉。综合分析表明尾巨桉林、马尾松林和马占相思林土壤肥力相差不大。     

Plantation Forests for Sustainable Wood Supply and Development in China

With the implementation of Natural Forests Protection Program, wood resource base in China is shifting from naturally grown forests to plantation forests. This paper reviews: 1) The evolution of Chinese decade-long reforestation program and its contribution to sustainable wood supply and development, and 2) impacts of "China's Natural Forest Protection Program and " Fast-Growing and High-Yield Plantation Program in China " on China's wood supply and sustainability. In addition, this paper highlights Chinese national researches on the integrated intensive management and utilization of the plantation resource.     

山桂花人工林3年生幼林期的施肥效应研究

在云南省孟连县进行了山桂花人工林3年生幼林期施用N、P、K、NP、NPK、NK、KP肥及不施肥(CK)的试验,以观测其施肥效应。通过对各施肥处理的山桂花3年生幼林期林木的胸径、树高、材积、树冠生长的观测、分析,表明在山桂花3年生的幼林期间,对其幼林生长的促进作用。以施用N肥的效果最好;其次是施用NP肥;再次是施用NPK混合肥;第4是施用NK肥;另4种施肥处理(含CK),对山桂花幼树生长的促进作用不大。试验结果还表明,在山桂花3年生的幼林期内,2.5年生基本是其幼林径、高生长的高峰期;而年生长节律显现的是6~10月雨季山桂花林木的生长量比11月~次年5月旱季大得多。     

西双版纳橡胶林细根生物量及其周转

用土钻法研究了西双版纳橡胶Hevea brasiensis林0～20cm土层中≤2mm细根的生物量和生长量,用分解袋法研究了橡胶林细根的分解,结果表明:0～10cm的细根生物量显著高于10～20cm的细根生物量(p<0.01);在0～20cm土层中,橡胶林活细根和死细根现存量分别为2 206 kg·hm~(-2)和345 kg·hm~(-2);活细根现存量的最大值出现在5月份,最小值出现在11月份;死细根现存量的最大值出现在2月份,最小值出现在8月份;年分解量、年死亡量、年生长量和年周转率分别为213 kg·hm~(-2)、733 kg·hm~(-2)、1 801 kg·hm~(-2)和82%。     

海岸退化沙地木麻黄人工林能量的研究

应用GR-3500型氧弹式热值仪测定福建沿海中部惠安县崇武林场1989年造的海岸沙地木麻黄人工林热值和能量现存量.结果表明:现存生物量为152.60 t·hm-2,净生产力为10.17 t·hm-2a-1,凋落物的年归还量为14.17t·hm-2a-1.木麻黄各组分干质量热值为19.26～20.53 kJ·g-1,平均为19.70 kJ·g-1,灰分含量为1.20%～11.92%,平均5.23%.整个林分能量现存量为2 986.92GJ·hm-2,各组分的分布为干(43.30%)＞根(24.10%)＞枝(13.60%)＞皮(10%)＞小枝(6.60%)＞枯枝(1.60%)＞果(0.80%).能量的归还量为294.56 GJ·hm-2,净固定量为196.80 GJ·hm-2,整个林分对林地有效太阳辐射能转化率为0.90%.木麻黄在东南沿海地区有较高的太阳能利用率和生长适应性,是很好的造林树种.     

Effects site conditions on industrial fiber plantations of Lar/x olgensis

Plot sampling was conducted in the second cultivation areas ofLarix olgensis in Heilongjiang Province, China. By analyzing plot investigation data, wood properties, and kraft pulps of 840 plots and 248 sample trees in industrial plantations of L. olgensis on different sites, we examined the growth process of L. olgensis industrial plantation with suitable structure, the wood fiber feature, chemical composition, physical performance and pulp characteristics. It is suggested that site conditions have major effects on plantation growth, fiber contains, fiber length, rate between fiber length and fiber width, pulping rate and pulp physics intensity. The best site for L. olgensis industrial plantation growth is site class Ⅰ and site class Ⅱ, which are on lower locations. Site condition has an obvious influence on the wood characteristics. Within the range of site conditions and stand densities studied, the worse the site condition, the less the fiber contains, the shorter the fiber length, and the more the 1% NaOH extraction. This kind of relationship becomes more obvious as stand age increases. However, the influence of site condition on pulping rate and pulp physics intensity is not obvious. The result provides theoretical base for cultivation of industrial fiber plantation of L. olgensis.     

立地管理对第2代杉木4年生人工幼林生长影响的研究

为研究不同立地管理方式对多代经营杉木人工林生产力的影响 ,在 1代杉木采伐迹地上用 5种林地处理方式进行 2代杉木人工林营造 ,试验表明 :(1)BL3BM0 (收获树干和树皮、加倍采伐剩余物 )处理方式对 4年生 2代杉木林的生长最为有利 ,对降低土壤容重和提高土壤pH值的作用最大 ,是最佳的立地管理措施 ;(2 )BL1BM0 (清理树木的所有部分 )处理生长最慢 ;(3)BL0 BM0 (清除地上所有有机质 )处理的杉木在 1～ 2年生时生长为次好 ,但对土壤肥力的维持最为不利 ,3年生后杉木生长略为落后 ;(4)BL2 BM1(商业性收获加炼山 )处理的杉木生长比BL2 BM0 (商业性收获 )的略好 ,但未达到差异显著水平 ;(5 )采伐剩余物分解至质量残留 5 0 %的时间需要 2 0个月 ,估计分解至质量残留 5 %需要 90个月的时间     

Carbon return and dynamics of litterfall in natural forest and monoculture plantation of Castanopsis kawakamii in subtropical China

The amount of carbon returned through litterfall and its seasonal pattern were studied in a natural forest of Castanopsis kawakamii (NF) and adjacent monoculture plantations of C. kawakamii (CK) and Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) (CF) in Sanming, Fujian Province, China. Mean annual carbon return through total litterfall over 3 years (from 1999 to 2001) was 5.097 t·hm⁻² in the NF, 4.337 t·hm⁻² in the CK and 2.502 t·hm⁻² in the CF respectively. Of the total carbon return in the three forests, leaf contribution accounted for 58.96%, 68.53% and 56.12% and twig 24.41%, 22.34% and 26.18%, respectively. The seasonal patterns of carbon return from total litterfall and leaf-litter were quite similar among the three forests. A peak of carbon input from litterfall in the NF and the CK occurred in spring except for the highest annual C return through branch litter of the NF in summer, while the CF showed the maximum C return in summer. The results of this study demonstrate that the natural forest has a greater C return through litterfall than monoculture plantations, which is beneficial to the increase of soil organic matter storage and the maintenance of soil fertility. [Supported by the Teaching and Research Award Program of MOE P.R.C. (TRAPOYT) and the Key Basic Research Project of Fujian Province (2000F004)]     

不同立地条件香椿人工林木材材质的比较

通过对不同立地条件下香椿人工林木材物理力学性质的测定和比较分析表明:香椿人工林木材密度和干缩性随着立地级的提高而减小;木材顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度和硬度:Ⅰ级地<Ⅱ级地<Ⅲ级地,抗弯弹性模量、抗劈力、冲击韧性:Ⅱ级地>Ⅰ级地>Ⅲ级地,顺纹抗剪强度:Ⅱ级地>Ⅲ级地>Ⅰ级地。差异显著性t检验表明:香椿人工林木材密度Ⅰ级地、Ⅱ级地、Ⅲ级地间差异不显著。香椿人工林木材干缩性和力学性质指标Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级地3者间有的指标差异极显著,有的指标差异显著,大部分指标差异不显著。