Influence of soil factors on the soil enzyme inhibition by Cd

A comparative study was conducted on the toxicity of Cd to alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and dehydrogenase activity (DHA) in 18 top soils with contrasting soil properties representative of 14 major soil types in China. Soil pH and carbonate content, soil organic matter, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) largely affected the Cd toxicity on two enzyme activities; with the soil pH having only minor effect on the median ecological dose values based on total Cd concentrations (ED_{50 T}). The values of ED_{50 T}/ED_{50 W} (based on water-soluble Cd content) of alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase were strongly influenced by pH and CEC contents, which explained up to 71% of the variation for alkaline phosphatase, 82% of the variation for dehydrogenase, and also were significantly correlated with the parameter K_F derived from Freundlich adsorption isotherms. This study suggests that the values of ED_{50 T}/ED_{50 W} could be useful to evaluate the buffer capacity of soils which protects soil enzymes from harmful effects of heavy metal.     

微透析法获取鹅掌柴嫩茎质外体汁液的研究

该文研究的重点是获取质外体汁液。假设微透析技术可以在植物上得到质外体汁液,并以盆栽鹅掌柴为材料,在活体嫩茎插入微透析探针后的不同时间段内分别收集透析液,测定其中的离子浓度和苹果酸脱氢酶活性加以验证。结果表明:在探针插入120 min后,收集的透析液中Na+、K+和Ca2+浓度逐渐趋于平缓,并且苹果酸脱氢酶的活性消失,从而证明120 min后得到的微透析液,没有受到破损细胞液的污染,是纯净的鹅掌柴嫩茎质外体汁液，从而为活体、方便、快捷地获取植物质外体汁液提供新的方法。      

山丹马6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶及葡萄糖磷酸异构酶的多态性研究

用淀粉凝胶电泳及琼脂覆盖技术对山丹马的血液红细胞6磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶和葡萄糖磷酸异构酶的电泳变异进行了测定。在6磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶座位发现了3种表现型,即FF,FD和FS,其频率分别为0.958,0.021和0.021。在葡萄糖磷酸异构酶座位发现了两种表现型,即II和FI,其频率分别为0.771和0.229。等位基因频率直接通过表型计算出:PGDF为0.979,PGDD为0.0104,PGDS为0.0104;GPIF为0.1146,GPII为0.8854。亲子关系排除概率在6PGD和GPI座位点分别为0.1009和0.0912。两座位的个体识别概率分别为0.081和0.353。     

吐温-80对液氮冷冻处理的双歧杆菌的冻伤保护

向双歧杆菌培养基中添加吐温-80，可增加双歧杆菌的细胞膜柔韧性和弹性。经液氮冷冻处理24h后，测定双歧杆菌细胞漏出液中乳酸脱氢酶的活力，结果表明添加吐温-80，可显著降低细胞培养液中的乳酸脱氢酶的漏出率（p〈0．05），其中以添加0．025％吐温-80的效果尤为明显。     

Physicochemical properties of the thermal gel of water-washed meat in the presence of the more soluble fraction of porcine sarcoplasmic protein

We investigated the physicochemical properties of the thermal gel of water‐washed pork meat (WWM) in the presence of the soluble fraction of porcine sarcoplasmic protein (SP) obtained with ammonium sulfate at 75 percent saturation. Two precipitated fractions of SP were obtained at 0–50 percent and 50–75 percent saturation, named SP‐f1 and SP‐f2, respectively, and the soluble fraction obtained at 75 percent saturation, SP‐f3, was used. Sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that SP‐f3 contained mainly glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), while SP‐f1 and SP‐f2 had other SPs such as phosphorylase b, enolase, actin and phosphoglycerate mutase. The gel strength of WWM was greater when SP‐f3 rather than one of various animal proteins such as bovine plasma (BP), egg white, or whey protein isolates (WPI), was added and SP‐f3 had a gel‐enhancing effect as good as that of polyphosphate (PP). The gel strength of WWM with added SP‐f3 increased significantly with NaCl at 0.15 mol/L or more, but not in the absence of NaCl (0 mol/L). The effect of SP‐f3 was evident at neutral pH and maximum gel strength was obtained at a pH above 6.0. Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis showed that an endothermic peak corresponding to myosin heads in WWM shifted to a lower temperature with the addition of SP‐f3, as in the case of PP, though there was no such shift in the presence of other animal proteins (BP, egg white and WPI), suggesting that SP‐f3 increases the gel strength of WWM through the dissociation of actomyosin similar to PP. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed wall‐like structures among the protein strands in the WWM gel matrix in the presence of SP‐f3. The results of DSC and SEM indicated that the formation of a gel network in meat products is reinforced with GAPDH in SP after the interaction between GAPDH and myofibrillar protein.     

乙醇脱氢酶应用研究现状

乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)是广泛分布于人和动物肝脏、植物及微生物细胞之中的含锌金属酶,具有广泛的底物特异性.ADH作为生物体内主要短链醇代谢的关键酶,近年来已经受到了国内外研究者的普遍关注,并对其同功酶的结构、理化性质、生物学功能、遗传学特性、分离提取技术等进行了较多的基础性研究工作,为其在科学研究和工农业生产中的应用奠定了良好基础.文章主要对ADH在工业分析、化工生产、食品和医药研究以及生物科学中的应用进行了概述,以便为其进一步研究开发提供参考.     

三种鹿血清乳酸脱氢酶同功酶的电泳研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对26头白唇鹿、41头马鹿和11头梅花鹿的血清乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）同功酶谱及其多态性进行了研究。结果发现：三种鹿的LDH都有LDH1、LDH2、LDH3和LDH5四种同功酶;LDH3同功酶具有1～3条亚带,LDH5具有显现酶活性和不显现酶活性两种表型而呈现多态性;白唇鹿的LDH同功酶酶谱及其多态性有较明显的种的特征。     

双向电泳结合蛋白质印迹技术分析猪囊尾蚴乳酸脱氢酶

为了研究猪囊尾蚴乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的表达,试验选择四川省雅江县呷拉乡猪带绦虫病患者,给其口服槟榔-南瓜子驱虫,收集、制备虫卵悬液(8万个/mL),再给3头20日龄三元杂交乳猪猪灌胃虫卵悬液,每头1 mL,40 d后收集、制备猪囊尾蚴蛋白,进行双向电泳(2-DE)分析,将凝胶蛋白斑点转移至聚偏氟乙烯膜(PVDF膜),用自制的大鼠抗猪带绦虫LDH血清作为一抗、健康大鼠血清作为阴性对照进行蛋白质印迹(Western-blotting)分析。结果表明:双向电泳凝胶共检测到(207±9)个蛋白质斑点,相对分子质量(Mr)为14 400～94 000,等电点(pI)为3.0～10.0;试验组特异性抗原抗体阳性杂交斑点为1个,阴性对照未见阳性杂交斑点;将Western-blotting检测的抗原抗体阳性杂交斑点与原双向电泳凝胶斑点进行比对,找到对应蛋白斑点,经ImageMaster 2D Platinum 5.0软件分析后初步确定该蛋白斑点的pI/Mr为7.03/35 368,与猪带绦虫LDH的pI/Mr理论推导值接近,说明猪囊尾蚴表达LDH。     

Gene expression of fatty acid-binding proteins, fatty acid transport proteins (cd36 and FATP) and β-oxidation-related genes in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fed fish oil or vegetable oil

Relative gene expression pattern of fatty acid transport proteins (FATP and cd36), intracellular fatty acid-binding proteins (FABP3, FABP10 and FABP11), β-oxidation-related genes [carnitine palmitoyl transferase II (CPTII), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β (PPARβ), acyl-CoA oxidase (AOX), long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase (FACS), acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (dehydrogenase)] and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) was assessed by RT-qPCR in Atlantic salmon muscle (red and white), liver, heart, myosepta and visceral fat. FABP11, a FABP isoform not previously described in Atlantic salmon, was highly expressed in visceral fat and myosepta and at the lower level in red muscle, white muscle, myosepta and heart. Furthermore, Atlantic salmon were fed either a diet containing fish oil (FO) or a complete replacement of FO with a vegetable oil blend (55% rapeseed oil, 30% palm oil and 15% linseed oil; VO) for the production cycle (27 months from start of feeding and until ∼4.5 kg mean weight). The expression of genes related to β-oxidation, fatty acid uptake and transport in the white muscle indicate ( n  = 3) significant down-regulation in VO fed Atlantic salmon and correlated with previously reported white muscle triacylglycerol stores and β-oxidation. FABP11 in visceral fat and myosepta was also down-regulated in VO fed fish.     

羊草乙醛脱氢酶（ALDH）基因片段的克隆及表达分析

[研究目的]克隆羊草的乙醛脱氢酶ALDH基因片段,研究该基因在不同条件下的表达情况。[方法]采用RT-PCR技术克隆羊草的ALDH基因片段,并对其核苷酸和氨基酸序列进行分析,采用RealTimeRT-PCR方法研究该基因的表达。[结果]获得了羊草的ALDH基因片段,长度为675bp,编码225aa。核苷酸序列比较表明,与水稻ALDH1a序列(AB037421)同源性为86%,与玉米RF2C(AF348413)同源性为85%。BLASTp分析,该序列与水稻、玉米、拟南芥的乙醛脱氢酶一致性分别高达87%、86%、60%,含有醛脱氢酶基因家族的保守结构域。RealTimeRT-PCR数据表明,在诱导条件下该基因的表达量呈先升高后降低的趋势。总体上来说,该基因对盐的响应要高于干旱和冷冻。[结论]成功获得了羊草ALDH基因片段,并研究了该基因的表达情况,为进一步克隆羊草ALDH全长基因奠定了基础。