Protein kinase C in the spleen of the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)

PKC activity was detected in spleen extracts from the turbot, Scophthalmus maximus, a teleost flatfish that is farmed commercially in several countries, in assays with the substrate EGF- R651–658 as phosphate acceptor. The activity was purified about 700-fold by a three-step chromatographic procedure (DEAE-cellulose, phenyl-Sepharose and threonine-Sepharose). Maximal activity was obtained in the presence of the typical PKC cofactors Ca2+ (0.1 mM) PtdS (20 g ml–1) and either DAG (2 g ml–1) or PMA (2 g ml–1). Activity was dose-dependently inhibited by H7 and by the PKC-specific inhibitors PKC19–36 and N-myristoylated PKC19–31. The rate of phosphorylation was highest with the PKC-specific substrate MARCKS161–175. In immunoblotting, MC5 (a mouse monoclonal antibody raised against bovine PKC) recognized bands of 80 and 100 kDa. Immunoblotting with antibodies raised against mouse PKC isozymes (, , , , , , and ) indicated the presence of all these isozymes in turbot spleen.     

Link between Domoic Acid Production and Cell Physiology after Exchange of Bacterial Communities between Toxic Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries and Non-Toxic Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima

Bacteria are known to influence domoic acid (DA) production by Pseudo-nitzschia spp., but the link between DA production and physiology of diatoms requires more investigation. We compared a toxic P. multiseries to a non-toxic P. delicatissima, investigating links between DA production, physiological parameters, and co-occurring bacteria. Bacterial communities in cultures of both species were reduced by antibiotic treatment, and each of the diatoms was inoculated with the bacterial community of the other species. The physiology of P. delicatissima was minimally affected by the absence of bacteria or the presence of alien bacteria, and no DA was detected. P. multiseries grew faster without bacteria, did not produce a significant amount of DA, and exhibited physiological characteristics of healthy cells. When grown with alien bacteria, P. multiseries did not grow and produced more DA; the physiology of these cells was affected, with decreases in chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency, an increase in esterase activity, and almost 50% mortality of the cells. The alien bacterial community had morphological and cellular characteristics very different from the original bacteria, and the number of free-living bacteria per algal cell was much higher, suggesting the involvement of bacteria in DA production.     

杜鹃红山茶芽苗砧嫁接亲和性生理研究

杜鹃红山茶（Camellia azalea）为山茶科山茶属常绿灌木或小乔木,是中国特有珍稀濒危物种,在园林与观赏园艺方面具有广阔的应用前景,兼具有极高的科研价值。国内外关于杜鹃红山茶嫁接繁殖的研究主要集中在木质化砧木嫁接方面,而芽苗砧嫁接技术及芽苗砧嫁接亲和性生理的研究鲜有报道。为了从生理层面揭示杜鹃红山茶接穗与不同油茶芽苗砧的亲和性差异,本研究以广西栽培面积广泛的高州油茶、广宁红花油茶、岑溪软枝油茶、普通油茶为芽苗砧,以杜鹃红山茶当年生半木质化枝条为接穗进行芽苗砧嫁接,于嫁接后90 d,考察不同芽苗砧处理对杜鹃红山茶接穗死亡率、嫁接苗叶片中初生代谢产物含量、抗氧化生理指标以及光合色素含量的影响。结果表明：（1）不同芽苗砧木对杜鹃红山茶接穗的死亡率有显著影响,采用高州油茶作为芽苗砧,杜鹃红山茶嫁接死亡率最低,为18.5%;（2）不同芽苗砧木对杜鹃红山茶接穗叶片中可溶性蛋白含量及淀粉含量有显著影响,采用高州油茶砧木,嫁接苗叶片中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白及淀粉含量均处于最高水平;（3）不同芽苗砧木对杜鹃红山茶嫁接苗叶片中脯氨酸含量及过氧化物酶（POD）活性有显著影响,采用高州油茶作为芽苗砧,嫁接苗叶片中脯氨酸和丙二醛（MDA）含量最低,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和POD活性最高;（4）不同芽苗砧木对杜鹃红山茶嫁接苗叶片中总叶绿素、叶绿素a及叶绿素b含量有显著影响,采用高州油茶作为芽苗砧的杜鹃红山茶嫁接苗叶片中总叶绿素、叶绿素a及叶绿素b含量均最高。研究认为,杜鹃红山茶接穗与高州油茶芽苗砧具有较好的亲和性,其嫁接苗抗性优于其他芽苗砧处理,叶片生长状况较好,具有较强的光合能力。     

不同成熟度对散叶生菜采后生理品质的影响

[目的]研究不同的采收成熟度对散叶生菜采后生理品质的影响.[方法]通过对生菜采后贮藏期间的失重率、含水量、呼吸强度、VC、叶绿素等理化指标和感官指标的测定,以及对散叶生菜不同成熟度指标的规定,研究未成熟、成熟和过熟3种不同成熟度对生菜采后生理品质的影响.[结果]试验表明,成熟和过熟的生菜衰减率低于未成熟的生菜,成熟和未成熟生菜的褐变及腐烂程度低于过熟生菜.未成熟生菜易失水失重,贮存至第9天时,失重率较过熟生菜高11.69％,失水率高于过熟生菜7.11％.过熟生菜易脱色,贮存至第9天时,叶绿素下降率高于未成熟生菜17％左右.过熟生菜容易受到机械损伤,出现黄褐色斑点、褐变、腐烂和其他生理疾病,且具有强烈的苦味和韧性,严重影响产品品质;成熟生菜相对未成熟生菜不易损伤且叶片呼吸速率相对较低,低于未成熟生菜约26mg/（kg.h）;成熟生菜相对过熟生菜贮期可延长3d,相对未成熟生菜贮藏期可延长2d,产量高,各质量指标最为理想.[结论]试验建议根据成熟度标准考虑适时采收,选择优质的成熟生菜以保证最大经济效益以及最优的生菜质量.     

饲料磷脂对仔稚鱼营养生理的研究进展

近年来,磷脂(Phospholipids,PL)在仔稚鱼营养生理所发挥的作用引起人们广泛重视。综述了近年来饲料磷脂对仔稚鱼生长表现、消化道、骨骼发育以及脂肪代谢等方面的影响,以期为磷脂在水产苗种饲料中合理添加与应用提供理论参考。     

低温冷藏对越冬代异色瓢虫生理生化指标的影响

在3℃条件下,对越冬代异色瓢虫[Harmonia axyridis(Pall)]雌、雄虫不同冷藏时间(0,30,60,90,120,150 d)的糖、蛋白质、脂肪、含水量等生理生化指标进行了测定。结果表明:冷藏期间,含糖量随冷藏时间的增加而降低,各冷藏时间之间的含糖量差异显著,冷藏0 d雌雄成虫的含糖量最高,分别达40.00μg/mg和43.69μg/mg;整个冷藏期间雌虫蛋白质含量显著高于冷藏0 d的蛋白质含量;整个冷藏期间雄虫蛋白质含量与冷藏0 d的蛋白质含量差异不显著;脂肪含量随冷藏时间的增加而降低,各冷藏时间之间的脂肪含量差异显著,冷藏0 d雌、雄成虫的脂肪含量最高,分别达475.87μg/mg和450.67μg/mg;含水量随冷藏时间的增加而降低,但差异不显著。     

松针提取物对广西麻鸡血液生化指标、抗氧化能力及免疫功能的影响

为研究松针提取物对广西麻鸡血液生化指标、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响,试验选取1日龄广西麻鸡1 600只作为试验动物进行120 d的饲养试验。试验鸡群随机分为2组,每组2个重复。在饲养过程中,对照组饲喂基础饲粮;试验组全程在基础饲粮中添加松针提取物。结果表明,试验组显著提高血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性、提高总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和降低血清中丙二醛(MDA)的含量(P0.05);显著提高IgA、IgG、IgM、补体C3和补体C4的含量(P0.05);显著提高血清中钙、磷的含量,降低血清中胆固醇的含量(P0.05)。因此,松针提取物能够显著改善广西麻鸡的血液生化指标,提高广西麻鸡的抗氧化能力和免疫功能。     

青年教师提高动物生物化学理论教学效果的方法

动物生物化学是高等农业:校畜牧与兽医专业的一门必修专业基础课。针对该课程的特点并结合教学工作经验,阐述了提高动物生物化学理论教学的方法,以期为青年教师的教学工作提供借鉴。     

重金属对秋茄生物效应的研究进展

秋茄是红树林生态系统中的重要品种,红树林湿地的重金属污染已成为影响秋茄正常生长的重要因素。许多学者在重金属对秋茄的萌发、幼苗生长、光合作用、抗氧化系统、渗透调节物质含量和基因表达等方面的影响进行了研究。本文以国内外相关文献为基础,就重金属对秋茄生物效应的研究进展进行了综述,为红树林生态系统的保护提供理论依据。     

Dietary magnesium requirement and physiological responses of marine shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei reared in low salinity water

An 8‐week feeding experiment was conducted to determine the dietary magnesium (Mg) requirement and physiological responses of Litopenaeus vannamei in low salinity water of 2 g L^?1. Casein–gelatin‐based diets supplemented with seven levels of Mg (0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, 6.4 and 8.0 g kg^?1) were fed to juvenile shrimp. Prior to the experiment, the postlarvae were gradually acclimated to the low salinity media and fed with a basal diet (0.5 g Mg kg^?1) for 2 weeks. After 8 weeks of feeding, survival ranged from 80.11% to 85.65% with no significant difference among the treatments. Hepatopancreas Mg²⁺‐ATPase and Na⁺/K⁺‐ATPase activities and muscle content of lipid and protein were not significantly affected by graded levels of Mg. The weight gain and mineral (calcium, potassium, sodium and total phosphorus) content of different tissues were significantly affected by dietary Mg levels, while there were no significant differences in ash and zinc content in tissues. The Mg content in tissues except hepatopancreas was maintained relatively constant regardless of dietary treatments. The dietary Mg requirement for optimal growth was 2.60–3.46 g Mg kg^?1 by using the polynomial regression analysis based on growth.