大明山不同环境梯度植被的物种多样性研究

对大明山不同环境梯度的物种多样性进行了分析。研究表明 ,时间和空间上的环境异质性有利于增加物种多样性 ,但其物种多样性的增加是非线性的。人类活动的干扰有利于生活周期短的物种发展 ,而不利于生活周期长的物种。环境梯度的增大 ,使群落的共有种减少 ,相似性降低 ,β多样性增大     

Agricultural insect hybridization and implications for pest management

Biological invasions, the expansion of agricultural frontiers, and climate change favor encounters of divergent lineages of animals and plants, increasing the likelihood of hybridization. However, hybridization of insect species and its consequences for agroecosystems have not received sufficient attention. Gene exchange between distinct and distant genetic pools can improve the survival and reproduction of insect pests, and threaten beneficial insects in disturbed agricultural environments. Hybridization may be the underlying explanation for the recurrent pest outbreaks and control failures in putative hybrid zones, as suspected for bollworm, corn borer, whiteflies, and stink bugs. Reliable predictions of the types of changes that can be expected in pest insect genomes and fitness, and of their impacts on the fate of species and populations remain elusive. Typical steps in pest management, such as insect identification, pest monitoring, and control are likely affected by gene flow and adaptive introgression mediated by hybridization, and we do not have ways to respond to or mitigate the problem. To address the adverse effects of farming intensification and global trade, we must ensure that current integrated pest management programs incorporate up‐to‐date monitoring and diagnostic tools. The rapid identification of hybrids, quantification of levels of introgression, and in‐depth knowledge of what genes have been transferred may help to explain and predict insect population outbreaks and control failures in the future. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry     

两色金鸡菊黄酮类化合物药理作用研究进展

两色金鸡菊中含有黄酮类、香豆素、有机酸、氨基酸类、皂苷类、挥发油类、鞣质、糖类和酚类等多种化学成分,黄酮类化合物含量最高,现代药理学研究发现黄酮类化合物具备许多药理活性,在治疗血栓、抗衰老、治疗糖尿病、治疗肿瘤、抗菌、保护心脏、降血压、抗氧化、降血脂、增强免疫功能等方面具有有效的药理作用。该文结合两色金鸡菊上述特点进行综述,供研究两色金鸡菊黄酮类化合物的科研工作者参考。     

浅析高校游园规划设计——以毓秀园为例

通过对毓秀园进行调查分析,提出了高校游园的设计理念:坚持以人为本、把握校园文脉、坚持因地制宜和坚持形式与功能并重,同时体现艺术品质具体的设计方案,最后指出了游园目前存在的问题,旨在为师生员工创造出一处环境优美、清新自然、设施完备、愉悦身心的观赏性游园。     

长白山若干抗癌植物的药理评价及应用

从1956年至2000年在长白山采集了抗癌植物，有61科，129属，162属．在本文提出中10种，讨论其药理评价及临床应用，种类如下：(1)核桃楸Juglans mandshurica Maxim．胡科；(2)北鸟头Aconitum kusnezoffi Reichb．毛莨科；(3)黄耆Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch)Bunge．豆科；(4)棉团铁线莲Clematis hexapetala Pall．毛莨科；(5)龙葵Solanum nigrum Linnaeus．茄科；(6)龙牙草Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb．蔷薇科．(7)东北天南星Arisaema amurense Maxim．天南星科；(8)毛莨Ranunculus japonicus Thunberg．毛莨科．(9)白屈菜Chelidonium majus Linnaeus．罂粟科．蝙蝠葛Menispermum dauricum Dc．防已科．     

Cell-mediated immune responses in man to Epstein-Barr (EB) virus infection

Cell-mediated immune response are now known to be important components of the host response to the Epstein-Barr (EB) herpesvirus. They are also likely to be essential in the control of EB-virus infection. Failure to mount any immune response to EB virus results in loss of control over the multiplication of cells transformed by the virus and gives rise to polyclonal neoplasia. A number of studies, using different preparations of antigen and a variety of assays, have demonstrated specific cell-mediated immune responses to the virus in normal individuals, most of whom by adulthood harbour the virus, and in patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM), where a consistent pattern of response is beginning to be established. However, in patients with Burkitt's lymphoma or nasopharyngeal carcinoma, specific cell-mediated immune responses to the virus have been less easy to detect and difficult to relate in any consistent way to the course of the disease. In this communication we review some of the recent results obtained on cell-mediated immune responses to EB-virus infection, with particular emphasis on the pathogenesis and control of EB-virus-associated diseases. It is clear that EB-virus, though an ubiquitous, almost universal human virus, has a demonstrated potential to produce malignant neoplasia. The oncogenicity of the virus is normally held in check, at least in part through cell-mediated immune mechanisms, so that the usual mode of infection is inapparent or, in some cases, a self-limiting lymphoproliferative disease (IM). Under particular circumstances, Burkitt's lymphoma or nasopharyngeal carcinoma may result, but the role of EB-virus in the pathogenesis of these diseases and especially the part played by cell-mediated immune responses to the virus have by no means yet been elucidated.     

培养成分对虎奶菇发酵液抑菌作用的影响

研究结果表明虎奶菇液体发酵及其发酵液抑菌与培养成分有关,适宜氮源为黄豆粉,碳源为甘露醇。黄豆粉含量15g.L-1、甘露醇含量25g.L-1时虎奶菇发酵液抑菌效果最好。虎奶菇发酵液对细菌特别是革兰氏阳性菌有明显的抑制作用,而对酵母、霉菌没有抑制作用。     

蛹虫草药理作用及化学成分研究进展

随着蛹虫草市场需求的不断扩大,蛹虫草作为一种药食两用菌已经被广泛接受。文章从蛹虫草的药理作用、化学成分及人工栽培3方面展开论述,为蛹虫草进一步研究与开发提供一定的理论依据。     

大蒜、生姜复配提取液抑菌防腐及其对果蔬保鲜效果的研究

对大蒜、生姜提取液复配,以苯甲酸钠为对照,测定对指示菌的抑菌效果,结果表明:复配提取液的抑菌效果优于苯甲酸钠;耐热性测定表明复配提取液的抑菌成分对高温不稳定;并通过对果蔬保鲜进一步观察,用复配提取液浸泡后可延长货架期。     

野生灵芝与栽培灵芝主要成分和功效的比较分析

概述灵芝资源的分类地位、生态分布及开发利用现状,并引用相关数据对野生灵芝和栽培灵芝的主要活性成分和药理作用进行比较分析。结果表明：不同产地的野生灵芝活性成分差异较大,而栽培灵芝的活性成分以及含量则由品种和栽培条件决定;野生灵芝与栽培灵芝都有较强的促进巨噬细胞吞噬功能,且作用效果无显著差异;野生灵芝和栽培灵芝均具有较好的抗应激、抗疲劳作用,栽培灵芝在镇静作用上比野生灵芝的稍强。分析认为,通过改进栽培技术可提高栽培灵芝的某些成分和功效,并优于野生灵芝,这将为灵芝的栽培及野生灵芝资源的保护开发提供科学依据,并科学引导人们以栽培灵芝代替野生灵芝作为临床用药。