Nutritional value of bread: Influence of processing,food interaction and consumer perception

The nearly ubiquitous consumption of cereals all over the world gives cereals an important position in international nutrition. Besides the high starch content as energy source, cereals provide dietary fibre, nutritious protein and lipids rich in essential fatty acids. Important micronutrients present in cereals are vitamins, especially many B vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and phytochemicals. In general, cereals provide important amounts of most nutrients. However, processing may decrease or increase the levels of the bioactive components in grains and also modify the bioavailability of these components. In addition, interactions between bread and companion foods have effects on the nutritional quality. The aim of this paper is to review the existing literature on the effects of processing techniques and interactions with other food components in a mixed meal on the nutritional quality of bread. Furthermore, research findings on the consumer perception of bread in Belgium are included. This information can help health professionals and policy-makers to give clear and targeted advice about the positive effects of bread in the human nutrition during consultations and information campaigns.     

Acceptability of pesticide impacts on the environment: what do United Kingdom stakeholders and the public value?

EU Directive 91/414/EEC requires there to be no unacceptable effects on the environment from the use of pesticides. This paper reports the views of direct stakeholder groups and results from an opinion survey of more than 2000 members of the general public on what in practice should constitute acceptable and unacceptable effects of pesticides. Stakeholders in focus groups were concerned with the potential effects of pesticides on animal and plant population viability and micro-organism function but recognized that a trade-off exists between the potential economic advantages of responsible pesticide use and the potential disadvantages of individual poisoning events. The public opinion survey showed that although pesticides are widely used in homes and gardens, their use on farm crops remains of concern to the public. Concerns are greatest on issues of human health and food quality but potential environmental effects are also an issue for a substantial number of people, particularly if attractive species could be affected.     

植物株间报警信号的传递

植物在遭受到机械损伤或昆虫取食后释放出的伤诱导挥发物,除了具有间接防御和直接防御功能外,还具有作为报警信号在植株间传递伤害信息的作用。本文就伤诱导挥发物在植株间传递报警信息的证据、报警信号分子的标准以及植物对报警信号的感知进行了综述。西北林学院学报21卷第1期高海波等植物株间报警信号的传递     

粮食种植大户的农业风险管理策略选择——基于风险感知视角

风险感知与风险管理是农业经济领域的热点议题,研究农户的农业风险管理策略选择、确保粮食主产区农户有效管理农业风险对于保障国家粮食安全、实现乡村振兴意义重大。基于风险感知视角,以黑龙江省粮食种植大户为研究对象,利用因子分析法和多元有序Logit回归模型,分析风险感知与风险管理的内在联系,探讨风险感知与风险管理的公因子会如何影响农户的风险管理需求。结果表明,订单合约、农业保险和"保险+期货"是农户需求较高的风险管理策略,其高需求意愿占比分别为54.46%、72.92%和74.46%。市场价格类风险感知与自然灾害类风险感知均对农户的风险管理策略需求有显著正向影响;农户对市场价格类风险感知越强,则越倾向于选择合作社及订单合约等事前风险管理策略,而对自然灾害类风险感知越强,则越倾向于选择借贷和"保险+期货"等事后风险管理策略。"传统风险管理策略的参与经验"公因子对农户参与"保险+期货"这类新型风险管理策略的需求产生促进作用,但现有"保险+期货"产品还未完全达到农户满意度,"新型风险管理策略的参与经验"公因子并未对农户参与"保险+期货"的需求产生显著影响。据此,建议应对农民进行必要的风险管理知识培训,帮助农民正确感知风险;积极探索完善以"保险+期货"为代表的新型农业保险产品,满足农民日益多元化的风险管理需求。     

农业机械与信息技术融合发展现状与方向

为理清国内外农业机械与信息技术融合发展现状，找到重点发展方向，借此大力推进中国农业机械智能化发展，本文首先分析了国外农业机械与信息技术融合发展的现状，总结了其发展的五大特点。之后指出中国农业机械化发展虽然成效显著，但仍存在农机信息化融合的区域及结构发展不平衡、企业和农民对农业机械信息化的认可度还不高、基础研究与关键技术研究薄弱、农机作业信息系统管理水平不高且缺乏统一标准等问题。最后提出了中国农业机械与信息技术融合发展的方向，包括促进智能感知技术发展与导航技术研究、推进农业机械装备智能化、构建农机智慧作业系统、推进农机自主作业技术研究与无人农场建设、加强农机信息化技术标准制定与复合型人才培养等。农业机械与信息技术融合是中国现代农业机械发展的必然趋势，利用信息技术促进农业机械的发展，能够最大化发挥信息技术的引导效应，提高农业生产效率，对于推进中国农业机械高质高效发展具有重要意义。     

Public perception of spontaneous vegetation on brownfields in urban areas—Results from surveys in Dresden and Leipzig (Germany)

Urban brownfields are found in all parts of the world. They suffer from a negative image, generally being viewed as problem areas. However, urban brownfields also offer potentials for new uses as well as for the ecological regeneration of cities. Especially urban brownfields with spontaneous vegetation can contribute to biodiversity and ecosystem services in dense urban environments. Whether and how this potential is exploited depends on the perception and preferred uses of brownfields by local residents.Through surveys undertaken in Dresden and Leipzig, this paper examines the perception and use of brownfields and their spontaneous vegetation by the urban population. Results show a range of views on brownfields with spontaneous vegetation from negative to positive evaluations. Many residents make use of brownfields, have concrete ideas about how such areas should be utilized or designed and are even prepared to take part in the transformation. The paper suggests that the use and design of green space should be rethought in unconventional ways, and discusses how the ecological and social potential of brownfields with spontaneous vegetation can be best exploited for urban residents.     

基于云原生技术的土壤墒情监测系统设计与应用

该研究针对全中国尺度的土壤墒情监测需求,构建基于自动监测站原位监测与多源专题数据的土壤墒情数据获取感知技术体系,提出数据质量控制清洗策略并建立数据校正插补模型。系统基于云原生技术设计,将模块以微服务形式灵活开发部署,通过容器技术打包运行独立实例,布设了墒情数据上报采集、可视化分析和数据挖掘应用等核心模块。依托空间分析和WebGL技术开发3D WebGIS数据分析功能模块,实现协同土壤墒情、土地利用、海拔高程等多源数据可视化分析与制图,深入挖掘数据价值,实现墒情估算和基于水量平衡的灌溉决策应用服务。系统已在中国21个省份得到应用,建立自动监测站970个,采集监测数据6000余万条,为用户掌握土壤墒情现状、指导农业节水灌溉、获取可靠科研数据等应用提供数据与技术服务。     

西安遗址性公园兴庆宫构园技法探究

主要论述兴庆宫公园作为全国最古老的西安遗址公园的历史背景、设计特点、总体布局及其构园所用的园林技法和结合时代、社会进行的一些改造,旨在继承传统园林的基础上,探索遗址性公园在新时代所被赋予的社会性及生态性。     

Changes of BAEP,NO contents and Na+-K+ATPase activities in brain tissues in rats with hyperbilirubinemia

AIM: To explore the roles of brain-stem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) in early monitoring the hearing loss and brain damages in hyperbilirubinemia and nitric oxide(NO) in the pathogenesis of bilirubin-induced hearing loss and brain damages. METHODS: Different doses of bilirubin solution (30 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg, 90 mg/kg, 120 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg) were injected into the abdominal cavity of 15-day old SD rats to make the animal model of hyperbilirubinemia. The serum concentrations of bilirubin were detected by a micro-gauge. The bilirubin concentrations in the brain tissues were examined via a diazo method. The Na+-K+ATPase activities in the brain tissues were analyzed by rooting phosphorus. The NO contents in the brain tissues were assayed via the method of nitrate reductase. BAEP were recorded with an evoked potential recorder. RESULTS: After making the ejection, parts of the rats in the high dosage groups (120 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg) showed the abnormal neuro-behaviors. After 6 hours of the ejection, the bilirubin concentrations in serum and in brain tissues, and NO contents in the brain tissues were increased significantly. The Na+-K+ATPase activities in the brain tissues were decreased obviously, and the PL and IPL of BAEP were prolonged significantly in all the experimental rats except the ones in low dosage group (30 mg/kg). The changes of them were closely related to the dose of injected bilirubin. CONCLUSION: The PL and IPL of BAEP are the objective and sensitive indexes for early monitoring the hearing loss and brain damages in hyperbilirubinemia. NO may plays a certain role in the pathogenesis of bilirubin induced hearing loss and brain damages.     

蜂农对天气变化的感知及其影响因素——以四川省为例

通过对四川省5个县蜂农的问卷调查,基于社会认知模型(MPPACC)分析框架,采用有序Probit模型,分析了蜂农对天气变化的感知度及其影响因素。结果显示,蜂农对于天气变化的敏感性感知、严重性感知较强,适应功效感知、自我效能感知较弱,感知到的适应成本较高;蜂农对免费天气变化信息的获取、获取渠道的多少、与其他蜂农交流的频率以及养蜂人数等均会影响蜂农对天气变化的感知,其中,免费天气信息的获取对蜂农敏感性感知、适应性功效感知、自我效能感知以及适应成本感知影响最为显著。最后,从拓宽蜂农获取天气信息的渠道、鼓励其加入农民合作组织以及增强蜂农之间的交流等方面,提出了提高蜂农对天气变化感知能力、增强应对天气变化能力的相关建议。