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11.
云南松是我国西南地区主要的造林树种,在区域经济发展和生态环境建设中发挥着重要作用。但目前云南松苗期生长缓慢,这使得云南松经济效益与生态效益的发挥受到了阻碍。氮磷添加是目前农林业促成培育中一种常见技术手段,通过对云南松苗木在不同氮、磷施肥处理下其生长状况的研究,以期为云南松苗木培育提供依据。本次试验以90d生的云南松幼苗为试验材料,对其进行氮磷根部追肥配施试验,比较不同氮磷浓度水平下云南松幼苗根系生长的变化规律。研究表明,氮磷配施后,随着氮磷用量的增加,云南松幼苗根冠比降低。地下部分的生长优势降低,地上部分的生长优势升高,且氮元素对于地上部分的增长作用强于磷元素。 相似文献
12.
化肥在提高农业单位面积产量的同时造成了一定的环境污染,长效有机肥的可以在一定程度上解决化肥所造成的环境压力,同时可以提高农业作物的产量和品质。本研究采用长效有机肥与烟草专用肥配施,探究不同肥料配施比例对烟草产量和品质的影响。结果表明,腐殖酸肥与烟草专用肥配合施用,能够增强烟株对气候斑病和赤星病等病害的抗病性,提高烟叶的均价、上等烟比例和上中等烟比例,促进烟叶总植物碱、氧化钾等含量的增加,降低还原糖等含量,化学成分更协调,外观质量和感官质量等有所提高,减少用工量和肥料投入,降低总投入,提高产投比,但同时表现出从移栽到团颗期的生长发育较缓慢。 相似文献
13.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(1-2):445-450
Soil-testing laboratories utilize a range of grinder types to pulverize soils for laboratory analysis. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of soil particle diameter and laboratory subsample size on analysis variability on nitrate, Bray 1 extractable phosphorus (P), extractable potassium (K), and soil organic matter (SOM). Four soils collected for the Agricultural Laboratory Proficiency Program were pulverized using four types of commercial grinders and analyzed for particle-size distribution, P, and K. In a second study, soils were pulverized to pass sieves of 2.0, 1.0, and 0.50 mm and subsampled for P, K, and SOM. Results of the commercial grinders indicate a range in mean particle diameters from 0.15 to 0.60 mm, with the lowest for the grinder utilizing a hammer mill design. Sieve-size analysis results indicate that the coarsest 2.0-mm fraction had the largest variability for all soil analyses evaluated. Analyte variability decreased with decreasing sieve size. Mean Bray P, K, and SOM-LOI (Loss-on-Ignition) mean concentrations were not statistically significantly different across the sieve sizes evaluated. Laboratory analysis variability for extractable Bray P increased as subsample size was reduced. 相似文献
14.
缺磷胁迫对温州蜜柑光合作用的光抑制研究(一) 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
经缺磷处理后,温州蜜柑叶片的表观量子效率(AQY),最大荧光(Fm),光化学效率(Fv/Fm),光量子产量(Y)和电子传递速率(ETR)下降,而初始荧光(Fo)上升。净光合速率(Pn)和光呼吸速率(Pr)均下降。但Pr/Pn比值升高。表明缺磷处理后,温州蜜柑更易发生光合作用的光抑制。 相似文献
15.
目的 明晰不同林分类型下土壤有机碳库特征,以期为平原沙土区土壤碳库的提高和生态恢复提供理论依据。 方法 以江苏省平原沙土区丰县16年生杨树纯林、柳树纯林、杨柳混交林3种林分类型及相邻的撂荒地(对照)为对象,测定0~20、20~40、40~60、60~80、80~100 cm等5个土壤层次有机碳及活性组分和土壤酶活性,计算土壤碳库管理指数,并对土壤有机碳库特征和环境因子进行相关性分析。 结果 (1)3种林分类型及对照各土层有机碳含量和储量范围分别为1.03~5.88 g·kg−1和3.53~17.55 t·hm−2。与对照相比,0~100 cm土层,3种林分类型土壤有机碳含量增加了45.2%~82.2%。杨树纯林0~100 cm土层有机碳储量分别是柳树纯林、杨柳混交林和对照的1.23、1.24、1.83倍。(2)与对照相比,0~100 cm土层,3种林分类型的土壤易氧化有机碳、可溶性有机碳和微生物生物量碳含量分别提高了28.6%~48.0%、6.8%~9.7%和21.6%~33.4%。3种林分类型土壤碳库管理指数显著高于100%(P<0.05)。(3)林分类型显著影响土壤蔗糖酶和多酚氧化酶活性(P<0.05),杨柳混交林0~100 cm土层多酚氧化酶活性显著高于杨树纯林和对照(P<0.05)。(4)相关性分析表明,土壤有机碳库特征受多酚氧化酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性显著影响,有机碳含量和储量、易氧化有机碳含量及碳库管理指数受蔗糖酶、过氧化物酶活性显著影响,微生物生物量碳受蔗糖酶活性显著影响。冗余分析表明,土壤碳氮比和细根生物量是土壤有机碳库特征的主要影响因素。 结论 平原沙土区营造人工林提高了土壤有机碳及活性组分和有机碳库稳定性,杨树纯林提高土壤有机碳储量效果最好。 相似文献
16.
本文将空间分析技术与地统计学方法相结合,以某流域的土壤白土及乌栅土的各三层
土壤样本开展了数据处理及系统化分析,深入探讨了土壤有机质含量所存在的空间变异特征,
望能为此领域研究有所帮助。 相似文献
17.
18.
Short term soil priming effects and the mineralisation of biochar following its incorporation to soils of different pH 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The aim of this work was to determine the magnitude of the priming effect, i.e. short-term changes in the rate (negative or positive) of mineralisation of native soil organic carbon (C), following addition of biochars. The biochars were made from Miscanthus giganteus, a C4 plant, naturally enriched with 13C. The biochars were produced at 350 °C (biochar350) and 700 °C (biochar700) and applied with and without ryegrass as a substrate to a clay-loam soil at pH 3.7 and 7.6. A secondary aim was to determine the effect of ryegrass addition on the mineralisation of the two biochars.After 87 days, biochar350 addition caused priming effects equivalent to 250 and 319 μg CO2-C g−1 soil, in the low and high pH soil, respectively. The largest priming effects occurred at the start of the incubations. The size of the priming effect was decreased at higher biochar pyrolysis temperatures, which may be a way of controlling priming effects following biochar incorporation to soil, if desired. The priming effect was probably induced by the water soluble components of the biochar. At 87 days of incubation, 0.14% and 0.18% of biochar700 and 0.61% and 0.84% of biochar350 were mineralized in the low and high pH soil, respectively. Ryegrass addition gave an increased biochar350 mineralisation of 33% and 40%, and increased biochar700 at 137% and 70%, in the low and high pH soils, respectively. Certainly, on the basis of our results, if biochar is used to sequester carbon a priming effect may occur, increasing CO2-C evolved from soil and decreasing soil organic C. However, this will be more than compensated for by the increased soil C caused by biochar incorporation. A similar conclusion holds for accelerated mineralisation of biochar due to incorporation of fresh labile substrates. We consider that our results are the first to unequivocally demonstrate the initiation, progress and termination of a true positive priming effect by biochar on native soil organic C. 相似文献
19.
超声波技术在果蔬加工中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
超声波技术已经在现代工业的各个领域得到了广泛的应用,家用型超声波清洗设备也已经在市场上出现,但仍然存在除垢效果不理想、灭菌和降解农药残留不彻底等问题。为了对新型超声波清洗的设计提供理论支持,主要介绍了超声波的清洗原理和特点,并简述和分析了超声波技术在清洗、灭菌和降解有机污染物方面的应用现状,以期为后续产品的研发提供帮助。 相似文献
20.
Effect of Phosphorus in Alleviation of Adverse Impacts of Salinity on Wheat Grown on Different Soils
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(13):1921-1936
Fertilization management is an important technique to alleviate the adverse effects of salinity stress on plants. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the ameliorative role of inorganic phosphorus (P) and organic P sources on wheat grown under salt stress in three soil types deficient in available P. Wheat (Triticum asetivum L. cv. Shakha 93) was grown on alluvial, sandy, and calcareous soils under salinity levels of 4, 8, and 12 dS m?1 of saturated paste extract (ECe) and supplied with constant rate of 30 mg P2O5 kg soil?1 as superphosphate (SP), cattle manure (CM), and 1:1 mixture of SP and CM. The results revealed that plants grown on the sandy soil were more susceptible to the adverse effects of salinity compared with those planted on the alluvial one, especially at zero P. Plants grown on the calcareous soil were moderately affected. Varying soil type caused significant differences in the aboveground biomass and uptake of nitrogen (N), potassium (K), P, and zinc (Zn). It was obvious that P ameliorated wheat growth under salt stress, and this role was greater under moderate and high salinity. The increases in N, P, K, and Zn uptake appeared driven by P application were more conspicuous in the sandy and calcareous soils. Results also indicated that combined application of inorganic and organic P sources surpassed both when applied solely under all soil types and salinity levels. 相似文献