不同品种油橄榄在丽江市的搭配种植试验

在丽江市不同海拔区域选择柯基、豆果、科拉蒂、城固32等4个油橄榄品种进行种植试验,连续进行3年的物候观察及产量测定,并经多因素方差分析和多重比较,以筛选出花期基本一致、挂果情况良好、连年产量稳定、大小年现象不明显、经济效益较为显著、能达到增产稳产目的的优良品种。结果表明,柯基和豆果两个油橄榄品种在不同立地条件下花期基本一致,可作为互为授粉品种搭配种植,两品种的产量较稳定,大小年现象不明显,适宜在丽江市适生区及同条件地区推广种植。     

橄榄鲜食新品系‘灵峰’和‘闽清2号’的主要性状综合评价

‘灵峰’和‘闽清2号’橄榄是从福州地区的‘长营’橄榄实生群体中筛选出的鲜食新品系。‘灵峰’橄榄果实椭圆形,平均单果重7.40 g,可食率81.00%,总糖4.10%,总酸1.16%,可溶性固形物11.40%,钙1230.00 mg.Kg-1;果皮黄绿色,果肉黄白色,果肉质地脆、化渣无涩味,回甘好,为晚熟类型。‘闽清2号’橄榄果实纺锤形,平均单果重7.60 g,可食率82.40%,总糖2.46%,总酸1.19%,可溶性固形物8.83%,钙627.33 mg.Kg-1;果皮绿色,果肉黄白色,果肉质地脆、化渣无涩味,风味清淡,并且表现出丰产和稳产特性,为中熟类型。‘灵峰’橄榄可作为鲜食品系,‘闽清2号’橄榄可作为鲜食兼加工品系。     

云南丽江油橄榄介壳虫调查及防治试验

介壳虫危害影响丽江地区油橄榄引种产业的发展。2015年进行了丽江地区油橄榄介壳虫的调查及防治试验。结果表明,存在两种危害油橄榄的介壳虫,分别是油橄榄片盾蚧和矢尖盾蚧;不同品系油橄榄危害介壳虫种类与成虫和若虫种群数量有显著的差别。应用两种市场化学药剂不同剂量对两种介壳虫防治试验均显示有较强的杀虫效果,其中对若虫防治效果强于成虫,两次连续用药显著提高防治效果。     

中国橄榄研究40年

橄榄是我国热带亚热带特色果树,栽培历史悠久。40年来,我国橄榄研究取得长足进步,在一些领域获得重大突破,有力地支撑了橄榄产业的发展。本文全面梳理40年来我国橄榄研究发展历程及取得的主要成绩,总结橄榄种质资源、栽培技术、果实品质、保鲜加工、药理活性和生物技术等方面取得的重要进展。针对我国橄榄产业存在的问题及发展趋势,建议加强橄榄应用基础研究及产业关键性技术研发,推动橄榄产业转型升级与绿色发展。     

优质鲜食橄榄新品种‘甜榄1号’选育研究

‘甜榄1号’是从大量橄榄实生树中选出的橄榄鲜食新品种。果实梭形,果皮黄绿色,纵横径3．0cm×1．7cm,平均单果重5．5g,果实可溶性固形物含量11．9％,可食率78．2％。在福建省闽清县,果实于11月中下旬成熟。果肉黄白色,肉质细嫩清脆,化渣,风味香甜,回味好,鲜食品质明显优于‘檀香’等现有主栽鲜食品种。     

Supplemental iron and phosphorus increase dietary inclusion of cottonseed and soybean meal in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

A long‐term feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the use of cottonseed and soybean meal (CS) with iron and phosphorus supplements in diets for olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Olive flounder with an initial average size of 28.5 ± 0.35 g (mean ± SD) were divided into 15 groups (three tanks per dietary treatment) and fed 480 g kg^?1 crude protein diets in which each of five isonitrogenous diets was formulated to contain different levels of cottonseed/soybean meal (1 : 1) to replace fish meal (FM) with iron and phosphorus supplementations. The five experimental diets were as follows: diet 1 (control), 0%CS; diet 2, 20%CS; diet 3, 30%CS; diet 4, 30%CS + Fe&P; and diet 5, 40%CS + Fe&P. After 26 weeks of feeding trial, no significant differences were observed in weight gain, feed utilization and survival among all the treatments. The total gossypol accumulation in liver of fish fed diets supplemented with iron was significantly lower than that of fish fed diets without supplementation of iron. The results indicate that the addition of iron in diets could prevent the absorption of free gossypol. The findings in this study suggest that dietary supplements of iron and phosphorus could increase the inclusion of cottonseed and soybean meal for FM replacement in diets for marine fish species.     

竹叶与松针黄酮提取液对橄榄果实的保鲜效果

提取箬竹和马尾松叶片总黄酮作为天然保鲜剂用于橄榄浸泡处理，以研究竹叶和松针黄酮提取液对橄榄果实 的保鲜效果。结果表明，不同浓度的竹叶和松针黄酮提取液均能对橄榄果实起到一定的保鲜作用，其中 393 mg/L 竹叶 黄酮提取液、330 mg/L 松针黄酮提取液处理的橄榄果实好果率均高于对照，贮藏第 77 天时，橄榄好果率分别为 76.11%、 78.89%。2 种处理均可延缓果实可溶性总糖含量下降，促进多酚含量下降，提高橄榄果实的糖酚比，能有效改善橄榄 果实贮藏期内的鲜食品质。     

油橄榄叶提取物对酒精性脂肪肝大鼠PP1-DNA-PK-USF1信号通路的干预作用

试验旨在探讨油橄榄叶提取物（olive leaf extract，OLE）防治酒精性脂肪肝（AFLD）的作用机制。将50只健康大鼠随机均分为5组：空白对照组，模型组，OLE高、中、低剂量组，除空白对照组外，其他各组均采用递增法灌胃食用乙醇24周，建立大鼠肝损伤模型，造模同时OLE高、中、低剂量组分别用OLE（1 000、500、250 mg/kg）进行灌胃治疗。利用生物显微技术观察肝脏组织结构的变化，全自动生化分析仪测定血脂水平，实时荧光定量PCR、Western blotting和酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测肝组织蛋白磷酸酶1（PP1）、DNA依赖的蛋白激酶（DNA-PK）、上游刺激因子1（USF1）mRNA水平和蛋白含量。结果显示，与空白对照组相比，模型组大鼠肝脏损伤程度明显加重，血清甘油三酯（TG）、游离脂肪酸（FFA）含量极显著升高（P<0.01）；肝脏PP1、DNA-PK、USF1水平和蛋白含量极显著升高（P<0.01）。与模型组相比，OLE干预后，肝脏病理改变明显减轻；血清TG、FFA含量显著或极显著降低（P<0.05；P<0.01）；肝脏PP1、DNA-PK、USF1 mRNA水平和蛋白含量显著或极显著降低（P<0.05；P<0.01）。结果表明，OLE可通过调节PP1-DNA-PK-USF1信号通路缓解肝脏脂肪变性，抑制AFLD的发展。     

Commercial Iranian olive cultivars: morphological traits,molecular diversity,and genetic structure

Iran is considered to have a unique gene pool of different fruit and nut species including olive (Olea europaea L.). In this study, we used 22 previously developed microsatellite (simple sequence repeat; SSR) markers for olive to evaluate the level of genetic variation and to produce identification keys for 63 Iranian accessions of olive belonging to 17 groups of cultivars. Based on morphological features, the number of flowers per inflorescence, fruit weights, endocarp weights, oil percentages, and flesh weights per endocarp had the highest coefficient of variation values, indicating the large extent of morphological variability among the 63 Iranian olive cultivars studied. All 22 microsatellite (SSR) markers revealed a high level of polymorphism, with a mean polymorphic information content (PIC) value of 0.511. Analyses of genetic structure among the 63 olive accessions were carried out using model-based methods, which showed a tendency for geographical clustering. Ten SSRs out of the 22 were successful for the identification of unique ID keys for 52 of the 63 accessions. In most cases, there was disagreement between the molecular data and the morphological data. These results could be used to reconstruct and maintain a collection of olive for future breeding programmes.     

Effects of the supplementation with an high‐polyphenols extra‐virgin olive oil on kinetic sperm features and seminal plasma oxidative status in healthy dogs

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of the supplementation of two extra‐virgin olive oils (EVOO) having different polyphenols content, on canine spermatozoa kinetic parameters and seminal plasma oxidative status. The study was conducted on 12 clinically healthy dogs of different breeds (2–7 years, 5–48 kg of body weight) divided into two groups: an experimental group supplemented with EVOO (Coratina cultivar) high in polyphenols (H‐P) and a control group fed EVOO (Cima di Bitonto cultivar) low in polyphenols (L‐P). The oil was daily administered per os (1 ml/3 kg BW) before meal. Semen collection was made twice at 15 days distance (D0₁ and D0₂) and then at 30 (D30), 60 (D60) and 90 (D90) days. Semen concentration and kinetic parameters were measured using computer‐assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system to evaluate: sperm total count, sperm motile (MOT%), progressive motility (PROGR%) and its fractions, straight‐line velocity (VSL, μm/s), curvilinear velocity (VCL, μm/s), average path velocity (VAP, μm/s), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH, μm), beat cross frequency (BCF, Hz), straightness (STR%) and linearity (LIN%). On seminal plasma, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and biological antioxidant potential (BAP) were tested. From findings, no differences were found for sperm MOT, VSL, VCL, VAP, ALH, BCF, STR, LIN and BAP. A gradual enhancement of PROGR% was observed in H‐P group (p < .01). The ROS levels were higher in dogs H‐P compared to the other group (p < .05). In conclusion, our results highlight the positive effects of EVOO polyphenols on sperm PROGR% in healthy dogs.