南美白对虾混养高产养殖技术

由于池塘老化和养殖病害等因素影响,对虾养殖生产和发展受到了严重制约.作者在南美白对虾(P.vannamei)养殖生产中,通过投放一定数量的卵圆鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)、锯缘青蟹[Scylla serrata(Forskal)],采取鱼、虾、蟹混养的养殖技术方法,有效的改善养殖生态环境,防止了养殖病害的发生和病害的蔓延,养殖效果得到明显提高,并在2007年的养殖生产试验中取得成功,平均产量达11062.0元/667 m2,盈利达6308.5元/667m2,取得了良好的经济效益.     

地质条件对定向钻穿越的影响与应对措施

在长输油气管道工程设计中经常遇到黄土塬、游荡性大型河流、山体等不同地形地貌,如砾砂、卵石层、溶蚀性地层等多种地层条件及其组合。针对不同地形、地貌条件,对穿越曲线设计和泥浆工艺设计进行分析,结果表明:穿越曲线设计是定向钻穿越成功的基础;结合地形、地貌,设计具有针对性的穿越曲线是实现穿越工艺方案的关键;根据定向钻穿越地层的不同地层结构岩性,设计具有针对性的泥浆配比工艺参数,可以有效降低卡钻、抱钻及回拖阻力过大等风险;定向钻穿越时,灵活应用定向钻的单边钻、对向钻、水平钻穿越组合技术手段可解决传统技术手段难以解决的问题。     

锦屏县冲沟细砂泥田水稻测土施肥3414试验简报

通过在锦屏县平略镇平略村进行冲沟细砂泥田水稻配方施肥试验结果表明最佳施肥量为N肥13．5kg／667m2、P2057．5kg／667m2．K2010．51kg／667m2,产量665．25kg／667m2,最佳施肥配比为N：P：K=1：0．556：0．779。     

蔗糖副产物滤泥、糖蜜酒精废醪液的开发利用

概述了蔗糖副产物滤泥、糖蜜酒精废醪液开发作甘蔗复合肥的价值和生态意义。     

Effects of tank colour on larval survival and development of mud crab Scylla serrata (Forskål)

Hatchery culture of mud crabs has not yet achieved commercial viability despite decades of research efforts. Further research is therefore needed to better understand larval culture requirements of the crab. Based on anecdotal observations, an experiment was carried out to test whether the background colour of the culture vessel affected larval culture success. Newly hatched larvae of Scylla serrata were reared in culture vessels of five colours, i.e., black, dark green, maroon, sky blue and white. Larval survival and development were monitored daily until all of them either moulted to the first crab stage or died. The results showed clear effects of background colour on larval survival. A general tendency of higher larval survival in darker‐coloured backgrounds was evident. In particular, overall zoeal survival for larvae reared in black vessels was significantly higher than those reared in white ones. Background colour also appeared to affect larval development. Larvae reared in darker backgrounds generally had shorter development times and more synchronized moulting. A significant delay in zoeal development was observed in larvae reared in white vessels. Dark backgrounds possibly facilitated more efficient feeding, reduced settlement of larvae at the bottom of the vessels as well as minimized stress. This result appears to be the first to demonstrate that background colour can significantly affect larval survival and development of a crustacean species.     

长江口底泥浸出液和悬浮液对叶绿素a含量的影响

以微绿球藻(Nannochloropsis oculata)和牟氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros muelleri)为受试生物,检验不同浓度的底泥浸出液和悬浮液对其叶绿素a含量的影响试验,探讨长江口底泥污染物析出对浮游植物生长的影响。研究结果表明,浓度低于或等于20%时,底泥浸出液对牟氏角毛藻和微绿球藻生长影响不显著;高于20%时,浓度越高,抑制作用越加明显。悬浮液抑制作用强于浸出液。浸出液对叶绿素a含量增长的抑制作用,在牟氏角毛藻试验的第4天开始显现,在微绿球藻试验和悬浮液试验中,第3天就开始显现。在较低浓度中,微绿球藻对污染物的反应更加灵敏,而牟氏角毛藻是适合较高浓度的受试物种。底泥重金属溶出是影响浮游植物生长的主要原因之一。     

不同微造型的钻井泥浆泵缸套的有限元分析

以不同微造型内表面的泥浆泵缸套为研究对象,对普通缸套和内表面微造型后的缸套进行三维建模,然后利用CAE平台Altair Hyper Works和ABAQUS等软件对模型进行有限元分析与计算,模拟在工作状态下的热负荷,得出其应力分布情况,滑动摩擦过程中的热结构特征,从而比较在相同工作载荷下三种缸套的耐磨性。分析结果表明:在相同工作状况下,选取的两种微造型内表面缸套耐磨性能要优于未经微造型的普通缸套。     

海南水稻机插泥浆育秧配套技术

海南省水稻机插秧育秧所用营养土,以红砖土或黄;沙土混合为主,并添加各种壮秧剂配制而成;不仅 育秧成本高;而且面临营养土供应及营养土运费问题.以泥浆渊水稻土冤为营养土,参考国内外泥浆育秧技术袁以省 工\省力.节本为基础结合海南特色气候条件,通过多次试验,建立一套水稻机插育秧配套技术.     

养鱼池底泥耗氧速率的研究

本文用新的底泥耗氧速率的测定方法,探讨了此方法的精密度和水温及底泥中有机质对鱼池底泥耗氧速率的影响。用此方法研究鱼池底泥耗氧速率.发现在培育期内北力养鱼池底泥耗氧速率一般为0.4～1.6gO_2·m~(-2)·d~(-1),鱼池底泥耗氧速率占鱼池总耗氧的比率在5％～20％之间,还对新老池底泥耗氧速率进行了比较。     

Immobilization of heavy metals in soils using inorganic amendments in a greenhouse study

The effect of red mud (10 g kg^–1), a by‐product of the alumina industry, zeolite (20 g kg^–1), a naturally‐occurring hydrous aluminosilicate, and lime (3 g kg^–1) on metal lability in soil and uptake by fescue (Festuca rubra L.) (FEST) and amaranthus (Amaranthus hybridus L.) (AMA) was investigated in four different soils from Austria. The soil collection locations were Untertiefenbach (UNT), Weyersdorf (WEY), Reisenberg (REI), and Arnoldstein (ARN). The latter was collected in the vicinity of a former Pb‐Zn smelter and was highly polluted with Pb (12300 mg kg^–1), Zn (2713 mg kg^–1), and Cd (19.7 mg kg^–1) by long‐term deposition. The other soils were spiked with Zn (700 mg kg^–1), Cu (250 mg kg^–1), Ni (100 mg kg^–1), V (100 mg kg^–1), and Cd (7 mg kg^–1) salts in 1987. The two plant species were cultivated for 15 months. Ammonium nitrate (1 M) extraction was used in a soil : solution ratio of 1:2.5 to assess the influence of the amendments on the labile metal pools. The reduction of metal extractability due to red mud was 70 % (Cd), 89 % (Zn), and 74 % (Ni) in the sandy soil (WEY). Plant uptake in this treatment was reduced by 38 to 87 % (Cd), 50 to 81 % (Zn), and 66 to 87 % (Ni) when compared to the control. Sequential extraction revealed relative enrichments of Fe‐oxide‐associated metal fractions at the expense of exchangeable metal fractions. Red mud was the only amendment that decreased lability in soil and plant uptake of Zn, Cd, and Ni consistently. Possible drawbacks of red mud application (e.g., As and Cr concentration) remain to be evaluated.