Activity of blue green microalgae extracts against in vitro generated Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin

Blue green microalgae have been identified as one of the promising groups of organism from which biochemically active natural products have been isolated. Aqueous and organic extracts of nine blue green microalgae strains were screened against in vitro generated vancomycin intermediate resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) strains. Aqueous extracts of all the blue green microalgae cultures were found to be inactive, while all the organic (hexane, chloroform and methanolic) extracts of Anabaena virabilis and Anabaena sp. showed activity against VISA strains with MIC of 32-64 mug/ml.     

Microalgal bioinoculants for sustainable agriculture and their interactions with soil biotic and abiotic components: A review

Modern agricultural practices have posed a detrimental impact on the environment due to their intensive use to meet the food demands of an ever-increasing population. In this context, microalgal bioinoculants, specifically cyanobacteria and green microalgae, have emerged as sustainable options for agricultural practices to improve soil organic carbon, nutrient availability, microbial quality, and plant productivity. An overview of current and future perspectives on the use of microalgal bioinoculants in agriculture practices is presented in this review, along with a discussion of their interactions with soil biotic and abiotic factors that affect soil fertility, plant health, and crop productivity. The benefits of microalgal bioinoculants include releasing agronomically important metabolites (exopolymers and phytohormones) as well as solubilizing soil nutrients. Furthermore, they function as biocontrol agents against soil-borne pathogens and facilitate the establishment of rhizosphere communities of agricultural importance. So far, very few studies have explored the basic mechanisms by which microalgal bioinoculants interact with soil biotic and abiotic factors. In recent years, advanced molecular techniques have contributed to a better understanding of these interactions.     

Rhodovulum sulfidophilum,a phototrophic bacterium,grown in palm oil mill effluent improves the larval survival of marble goby Oxyeleotris marmorata (Bleeker)

Survival of marble goby larvae fed either Rhodovulum sulfidophilum, a phototrophic bacterium cultured from palm oil mill effluent (pPB), or microalgae ( Nannochloropsis sp.) was evaluated at two salinities. Larvae directly fed pPB had survival of 0–29% at 5 g L^?1 salinity and 0–19% at 10 g L^?1 salinity, whereas larvae directly fed microalgae suffered complete mortality after 20 days of culture at both salinities. However, larvae indirectly fed pPB or microalgae, i.e. via rotifers (Days 1–30) and Artemia nauplii (Days 21–30) cultured solely from pPB or microalgae, showed improved survival of 35–55% or 44–49% at 5 g L^?1 salinity respectively. In all experiments, fish larvae reared at 5 g L^?1 salinity showed significantly higher (P < 0.01) mean survival than those reared at 10 g L^?1 salinity. The survival of larvae fed the bacterial‐based diet was higher compared with microalgal diet used in previous studies. The pPB had higher total polyunsaturated fatty acids and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) than the microalgae, which had very high eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Larvae with very high ratios of DHA/EPA (>11) or/and ARA (arachidonic acid)/EPA (>5), attributable to their given diet, however suffered the highest mortality.     

海洋微生物活性物质的研究进展

对海洋放线菌、海洋细菌、海洋真菌及海洋微藻产生的生物活性物质进行综述。     

Dietary effect of squid and fish meals on growth and survival of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in the presence or absence of phytoplankton in an indoor tank system

This study was conducted in 36 indoor 40‐L fibreglass aquaria to determine the weight gain and survival of Litopenaeus vannamei fed different dietary levels of fish (FM) and squid meal (SM) and to evaluate the potential of phytoplankton to reduce FM and SM levels in shrimp feeds. Six experimental isonitrogenous (35% protein) and isocaloric (17.5 kJ g^?1) diets were formulated to contain either 5%, 10% or 20% SM combined with either 6.5% or 12% FM. Dietary effects on growth and survival were compared in two systems: a ‘CLEAR water system’ (CWS) without the presence of microalgae and a ‘GREEN water system’ (GWS) with microalgae in the culture water. Shrimp cultured in the GWS had 28–57% greater weight gain than those cultured in the CWS, regardless of dietary treatment. However, survival was not different. Shrimp cultured in the CWS or the GWS, and fed diets containing combinations of FM and SM did not show differences in weight gain and feed conversion ratio. These results suggest that under the conditions existing during this research, 6.5% FM and 5% SM can be used as a cost‐effective combination in commercial feeds for shrimp production and that growth can be enhanced in the presence of primary productivity.     

鸡粪发酵液培养的小球藻水热液化制备生物原油及其特性

为探索沼液资源再利用,以鸡粪沼气发酵液培养的小球藻为原料,采用水热液化技术制备生物原油。采取正交试验,在温度250~330℃、时间30~90 min及含固量15%~25%下,探讨了水热反应后各相产物特性及元素回收效率。生物原油产率为13.23%~23.83%,最高产油率在330℃、60 min、15%时取得。生物原油中碳、氢及氮回收率分别是16.13%~31.14%、19.18%~34.89%及5.97%~14.32%,最高碳回收率及最低氮回收率分别在330℃、60 min、15%及250℃、30 min、15%时获得。水热液化各相产物中,碳、氢及氮回收率在水相中占主导地位,分别为48.74%~60.43%、46.81%~62.13%及74.84%~82.67%。热重分析暗示生物原油可能适合制备润滑油。此外,GC-MS分析表明生物原油中烃类物质质量分数为16.14%~24.91%,主要为低碳链烃类,如甲苯及二氢茚等。     

3种海洋微藻ω-3脂肪酸去饱和酶基因表达影响因素分析

研究了温度、光照和酸碱度对三角褐指藻、小球藻和球等鞭金藻-ω3脂肪酸去饱和酶基因表达的影响。实时定量PCR结果表明,10和15℃的低温处理,降低了3种微藻ω-3脂肪酸去饱和酶基因的表达丰度,提高处理温度至25和30℃(三角褐指藻除外),则促进该基因的转录;在5 000 lx的光照强度下处理48和72 h,可以提高3种藻类的ω-3脂肪酸去饱和酶基因的表达;酸碱度对3种微藻-ω3脂肪酸去饱和酶基因的表达影响与不同的物种有关,pH 5~9的培养结果显示,酸碱度对三角褐指藻影响较大,球等鞭金藻次之,而对小球藻影响较小。     

紫外诱变热带微藻选育高油脂藻株

为选育高含油量微藻藻种,本试验以优势藻株La4-37为原材料,采用紫外线辐射法对其进行诱变处理,获得了296株藻株。利用尼罗红荧光检测法对获得的藻株进行荧光检测,筛选获得相对含油量最大的诱变藻株M077和M040。通过对诱变株生长及脂荧光强度动态跟踪发现,诱变株生长周期和油脂积累时期基本一样,当达到平稳期时,诱变株油脂积累能力均有较大提高,脂荧光强度分别是原始藻株的6.2倍和1.7倍。     

应用生物技术构建可持续微藻生物质能源生产体系

提出了＂废水、废气-水华微藻（自养藻类）-高油工程微藻（异养藻类）-生物柴油＂可持续型微藻生物质能源生产体系的构建设想。首先以市政废水、废气CO2为基质大量生产水华微藻,在收获大量价廉的水华微藻细胞的同时实现市政废水中N、P的有效去除和温室气体减排;然后将先进的发酵工程技术和微藻育种工程技术集成配套以实现高油工程微藻的高密度异养培养,即通过生物育种工程技术获得适应性强的异养高油工程微藻,使其能够以水华微藻细胞的降解产物为底物,在可控条件下实现快速繁殖、合成并富集油脂,最终成为生物柴油生产的丰富原料。该体系可实现CO2固定、市政废水净化和微藻高附加值生物柴油的生产。     

基因工程在生物柴油原料中的应用研究

生物柴油由于其燃烧性高、污染小、可再生等优点,是传统化石燃料的理想替代能源,并已在世界范围内得到广泛应用。基因工程技术在生物柴油中的应用,主要集中在提高生物柴油原料的脂类含量上,如对含油植物和含油微藻的研究。结合国内外主要研究进展,综述了运用基因工程技术提高生物柴油原料脂类含量的8种途径,如超量表达乙酰辅酶A羧化酶、脂肪酸合成酶、苹果酸酶等。最后指出:将微藻作为生产原料是我国生物柴油产业发展的必然趋势,通过转录因子途径调控脂类的积累,是未来生物柴油产业发展的重要研究方向。