我国热带海水大型珍珠贝类的珍珠养殖技术现状及对策建议

我国热带海水大型珍珠贝类的白蝶贝、黑蝶贝、企鹅珍珠贝,是培育大型游离珍珠与附壳珍珠的优良贝种,具有较高的经济价值.就3种大型贝类的国内外研究现状进行综述,在详细分析我国大型珍珠贝类养殖存在问题的基础上,建议加大力度保护珍珠贝资源,建立严格的生产许可制度,提出大型贝类深水养殖新模式,旨在促进海水珍珠养殖业的可持续发展.     

Modeling Effects of Soil Fertility of Nutrients and Precipitation of 22 Years on Sustainable Productivity and Profitability of Pearlmillet and Sorghum Rotation in Semi-arid Vertisols

Based on experiments conducted during 1988–2009 on rainfed pearl millet/sorghum with 9 treatments in Vertisols, an efficient treatment for sustainable productivity is identified. Twenty kg of nitrogen (N) from farmyard manure (FYM) + 20 kg N (urea) + 10 kg phosphorus (P) ha^?1 in pearl millet and 40 kg N (urea) + 20 kg P + 25 kg zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄) ha^?1 in sorghum gave maximum yield and rainwater-use efficiency, whereas 20 kg N (FYM) + 20 kg (urea) + 10 kg P ha^?1 in pearl millet and 40 kg (urea) + 20 kg P ha^?1 in sorghum and gave maximum soil N, P, and potassium (K) over years. The regression model of 20 kg N (crop residue) + 20 kg N (urea) + 10 kg P ha^?1 gave maximum R² for predicting sorghum equivalent yield separately through precipitation and soil variables, whereas 20 kg N (FYM) + 20 kg N (urea) + 10 kg P ha^?1 gave maximum R² under combined model of both variables. Treatment of 20 kg N (FYM) + 20 kg N (urea) + 10 kg P ha^?1 was superior for attaining maximum sorghum equivalent yield of 1062 kg ha^?1, net returns of Rs. 4805 ha^?1, benefit/cost (BC) ratio of 1.50, and 127 kg ha^?1 of soil N, 10.3 kg ha^?1 of soil P, and 386 kg ha^?1 of soil K over years.     

Fermentation of pearl millet flour with yeasts and lactobacilli:in vitro digestibility and utilisation of fermented flour for weaning mixtures

Single as well as mixed culture fermentations by yeasts (S. diastaticus;S. cerevistiae) and lactobacilli (L. brevis;L. fermentum) at 30 °C for 72 h improved the starch and protein digestibility (in vitro) of pearl millet flour significantly. The flour fermented bySaccharomyces diastaticus, a starch hydrolysing yeast, had the highest starch digestibility whereas fermentation bySaccharomyces cerevisiae enhanced the in vitro protein digestibility of the flour significantly. Weaning mixtures prepared from the fermented flour were also found to be organoleptically acceptable.     

中国珍珠产业的问题、困境与出路

本文概述了中国珍珠资源与产业的分布,并分析了目前中国珍珠产业特征与存在的问题,在此基础上提出了中国珍珠产业走出困境的出路选择。     

Growth responses of cereal crops to organic nitrogen in the field

Eleven rice varieties differing in grain size were grown under controlled environmental conditions during the grain-filling period. The grain weight of upper grains in a panicle was examined at successive stages of growth during the grain-filling period. The effect of temperature on the rate and the duration of the period of grain-filling was determined using Khao Lo, a large-grain variety, and Bom Dia, a small-grain variety. Both the grain-filling rate and duration of the period of grain-filling differed among rice varieties and were positively and significantly correlated with the grain size. The duration of the grain-filling period from flowering to the time when almost maximum grain weight was attained ranged from 12 days at 32/24°C in Bom Dia to 36 days at 20/12°C in Khao Lo. The grain-filling rate was low in small-grain varieties, and generally increased with increasing grain size.

By lowering the temperature, the grain-filling rate decreased, the duration of the grain-filling period increased but the grain weight was almost constant.

Weight per grain was closely correlated with hull size. No relationship was found between weight per grain and nitrogen percentage of brown rice.     

Uronic acid in humus

Introduction

Uronic acids are aldehydic sugar acids. In nature, they are composed mainly of d-glucuronic acid and d-galacturonic acid and scarcely of dmannuronic acid.     

珍珠粟在畜禽饲料中的应用研究进展

珍珠粟作为一种重要的热带谷类作物而广泛地种植于半干旱地区,坑旱、耐瘠,其籽实蛋白质含量高,氨基酸组成合理,含抗营养因子少,作为玉米的替代品而广泛地应用于畜禽养殖业中,尤其在非反刍动物饲料中的应用效果较好。     

基于移动互联网的中国淡水珍珠销售模式探究

中国是珍珠养殖大国，基于移动互联网发展起来的移动电商平台是电商的新业态，中国淡水 珍珠销售需要通过移动电商业务的开展拓宽销售渠道，完成产业转型，通过移动电商的发展反哺淡水 珍珠养殖，并通过珍珠养殖的提质增效促进淡水珍珠在移动互联网的销售模式实现更高的探索。     

Clinicopathological findings of an episode of mycotoxicosis in horses

This report of mycotoxicosis in horses describes the clinical signs, post-mortem findings, histopathological findings and prognosis following the accidental feeding of mycotoxin contaminated fodder to the horses at a farm over a 3-year period. Variable clinical signs viz. weight loss, height retardation in foals, episodes of sudden weakness and staggering gait, ulceration in the oral cavity and at mucocutaneous junctions, yawning, decreased appetite to complete anorexia, rectal prolapse, and failure of blood clotting were observed in many horses at an organised equine farm over a period of 2–3 years. Post-mortem examination of these cases revealed liver cirrhosis and pathological changes in other organs too. On examination of the fodder, it was observed that pearl millet fodder fed to the animals had ergot infestation. On laboratory investigation of the fodder, aflatoxins levels ranged from 24 ppb to 70 ppb in pearl millet fodder. The analysis eventually led to discontinuation of the pearl millet fodder. On follow-up for 2 years, no new cases of hepatic cirrhosis were seen. Most of the horses at the farm including those that had shown high levels of serum gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and weight loss, recovered completely. The present episode demonstrates that there is a need for regular monitoring of cereal fodders of horses in subtropical and tropical areas to avoid mycotoxicosis. In the present episode, monitoring serum/plasma GGT levels was found to be a sensitive biochemical indicator to identify liver damage caused by mycotoxins.     

Karité (Vitellaria paradoxa) and néré (Parkia biglobosa) associated with crops in South Mali

The effect of two tree species, karité (Vitellaria paradoxa) and néré (Parkia biglobosa) on soil condition, development and production of cotton, sorghum and pearl millet, main crops in South Mali, has been investigated.The soil under the trees is slightly richer (organic matter content and several cations) compared to adjacent tree-less sites. Also tree-specific effects exist.Soil enrichment, however, is mainly a matter of redistribution of locally available nutrient resources.Of the six associations studied, only karité-cotton shows no tree-induced reduction in crop production. All other associations suffer greatly from reduced crop outputs caused by the trees, usually in the order of 60%.There are at least two reasons that explain tree-induced yield reduction. Because of increased humidity in the immediate surroundings of trees, in both soil and air, lower numbers of crop plants survive up to maturity, presumably because plants are attacked by fungi. Secondly, crop plants that mature show reduced output because of inter-specific competition for light and nutrients.In case of néré, in order to minimize the trees' negative influence lopping is advised. Such practice, however, is less suitable in case of karité, because of its assumed lower potential to regenerate, as compared to néré.