Demographics of cattle positive for Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis by faecal culture,from submissions to the Cork Regional Veterinary Laboratory

The demography of bovine infections caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) in Ireland is poorly defined. The objective of this study was to describe the demographics of cattle positive to MAP on faecal culture, based on submissions to the Cork Regional Veterinary Laboratory (Cork RVL) from 1994 to 2006. The study focused on all available faecal samples from adult cattle with non-responsive chronic diarrhoea that were submitted by private veterinary practitioners to Cork RVL for MAP culture. For each MAP-positive by faecal culture animal, data were collated from Cork RVL and Cattle Movement Monitoring Scheme (CMMS) records. Johne's disease (JD) was confirmed in 110 animals from 86 herds by the Cork RVL between 1994 and 2006, with a rate of positive cases between 15% and 18% over last four years of the study. Two breeds (Holstein/Friesian or Limousin) made up 78% of submissions. Movements were assessed for the 57 study animals with available movement information, 90% died within one year of the test and 26% tested positive in the herd they were born into. The study provides preliminary information about movement trends and demographics of animals with MAP positive submissions. Although the study area is restricted, it includes the most intensive (and economically-important) dairy region in Ireland. The demographics of JD infection from the study area are in agreement with international reports. Further work is required to determine demographic trends, incidence and prevalence of JD throughout Ireland. It is hoped this work may contribute to the development of a surveillance strategy for MAP by regional veterinary laboratories.     

安全屏障对储油罐区池火灾多米诺效应概率的影响

随着石油储库朝大型化、集约化方向发展,罐区工艺与设备日趋繁杂,一旦发生火灾事故,极易引发多米诺效应,导致灾难性后果.为了降低石油储库事故对周边人员、环境等造成的影响,基于主动、被动、应急与响应措施3种安全屏障的性能,采用事件树与贝叶斯网络方法针对不同安全屏障建模,进而对事故多米诺效应概率进行定量评估.结果表明:多层安全...     

大学生网络道德问题的诊断及调控对策

网络的迅猛发展带来了丰富的资源和交往的便利,也造成部分大学生网络道德情感冷漠、网络道德意识薄弱、网络道德信念缺失及网络道德行为失范等一系列问题。而网络主体、网络外部环境及网络技术是造成网络道德问题的根源。加强大学生的道德教育,构建社会、学校、家庭"三位一体"网络道德教育模式,加快网络信息技术研究,加强网络道德教育监管,强化网络道德规范,是加强大学生网络道德教育的有效措施。     

Spatial variation of soil test phosphorus in a long‐term grazed experimental grassland field

The spatial variation of soil test P (STP) in grassland soils is becoming important because of the use of STP as a basis for policies such as the recently EU‐introduced Nitrate Directive. This research investigates the spatial variation of soil P in grazed grassland plots with a long‐term (38 y) experiment. A total of 326 soil samples (including 14 samples from an adjacent grass‐wood buffer zone) were collected based on a 10 × 10 m² grid system. The samples were measured for STP and other nutrients. The results were analyzed using conventional statistics, geostatistics, and a geographic information system (GIS). Soil test P concentrations followed a lognormal distribution, with a median of 5.30 mg L^–1 and a geometric mean of 5.35 mg L^–1. Statistically significant (p < 0.01) positive correlation between STP and pH was found. Spatial clusters and spatial outliers were detected using the local Moran's I index (a local indicator of spatial association) and were mapped using GIS. An obvious low‐value spatial‐cluster area was observed on the plots that received zero‐P fertilizer application from 1968 to 1998 and a large high‐value spatial‐cluster area was found on the relatively high‐P fertilizer application plots (15 kg ha^–1 y^–1). The local Moran's I index was also effective in detecting spatial outliers, especially at locations close to spatial‐cluster areas. To obtain a reliable and stable spatial structure, semivariogram of soil‐P data was produced after elimination of spatial outliers. A spherical model with a nugget effect was chosen to fit the experimental semivariogram. The spatial‐distribution map of soil P was produced using the kriging interpolation method. The interpolated distribution map was dominated by medium STP values, ranging from 3 mg to 8 mg L^–1. An evidently low‐P‐value area was present in the upper side of the study area, as zero or short‐term P fertilizer was applied on the plots. Meanwhile, high‐P‐value area was located mainly on the plots receiving 15 kg P ha^–1 y^–1 (for 38 y) as these plots accumulated excess P after a long‐term P‐fertilizer spreading. The high‐ or low‐value patterns were in line with the spatial clusters. Geostatistics, combined with GIS and the local spatial autocorrelation index, provides a useful tool for analyzing the spatial variation in soil nutrients.     

基于动态Agent的分布式入侵检测系统设计与实现

研究分析了公共入侵检测框架理论及入侵检测的实现策略,给出了一种基于 Agent 的分布式入侵检测模型;设计了一个基于动态 Agent 的分布式入侵检测系统,介绍了它的工作原理,系统整体结构,事件产生器、分析器、响应器和事件库的设计等。该系统具有良好的分布性、扩展性。     

基于DEM的重庆三峡库区流域水系提取研究

以重庆三峡库区为研究对象,论述基于数字高程模型提取流域水系的方法、原理。应用“Burn-in”算法,对DEM进行再处理,即将发生河道偏差的平坦区域上的实际河网叠加到DEM中,对河道及河道两侧所在栅格单元高程值进行修正,重新生成流域河网。在原有DEM不作较大修改的前提下,使得生成的河网与实际河网更加匹配,同时也保证了模拟结果的准确性。     

解读《信息网络传播权保护条例》第七条

《信息网络传播权保护条例》第七条是关于图书馆等公益机构的权力限制条款。文章从立法宗旨、法律适用以及对图书馆的影响等不同角度对该条款进行了分析,以期有助于对《条例》的理解和把握。     

以优化的BP神经网络模型为基础研究山东近海口虾蛄空间分布与环境因子的关系

BP神经网络模型作为一种常用的机器学习方法,被广泛应用于物种分布模型,以解析生物分布与环境因子的关系。与传统回归模型相比,该模型可以灵活处理变量间的非线性关系,但其结构复杂,在参数设置方面存在不确定性,从而影响模型的预测与应用。根据2016—2017年山东近海口虾蛄渔业资源调查与环境数据,利用BP神经网络模型构建口虾蛄资源分布模型,同时利用数据分组处理算法(group method of data handling, GMDH)、遗传算法(genetic algorithm, GA)和自适应算法(adaptive algorithm)分别对模型输入变量、初始权值和隐节点数目3方面进行优化,构建7种不同组合优化模型。结果显示,7种模型的优化效果存在明显差异,单方面和两方面组合优化模型预测性能基本保持一致;而三方面共同优化其均方根误差与残差平方和分别为0.35和1.94,较初始模型的0.52和2.40更小,且相关系数最大为0.45,表明模型优化效果最好。对比优化前后发现,口虾蛄资源密度随纬度和底层盐度变化趋势基本保持一致,而随底层温度的升高,口虾蛄资源密度存在较大差异。此外,最优模型较初始模型增加水深为关键环境因子,对口虾蛄的资源密度具有重要影响。本研究进一步开发了BP神经网络模型参数优化的方法,证明了参数优化对BP模型的预测性能具有重要影响,模型优化对于分析口虾蛄资源密度与环境因子的关系具有重要意义。     

基于WGCNA的棉花子叶抗冷相关共表达模块鉴定

权重基因共表达网络分析(weighted gene co-expression network analysis,WGCNA)是系统生物学的一种研究方法,在多样本转录组数据中挖掘与目标性状相关的基因模块应用较广泛.为深入探究棉花应对冷害胁迫的分子机制,以4℃低温处理不同时间点的2个棉花品种(新陆中16和新陆中32)幼苗...     

三线闭壳龟、黄喉拟水龟、黄缘盒龟及其地方品系外部形态特征比较研究

本文首次对中国珍稀龟类三线闭壳龟（Cuora Trifasciata）、黄喉拟水龟(Mauremys mutica)、黄缘盒龟(Cistoclemmys flavomarginatas)及其地方品系的外部形态特征和差异进行了比较研究,为制定相应的龟类种质标准,保护和合理利用龟类资源提供技术资料。