桑尺蠖越冬幼虫的耐寒性研究

研究了桑尺蠖越冬幼虫的耐寒能力 ,测定了虫体内抗寒物质的组成成分 ,并对其耐寒机理作了初步探讨。结果表明 :越冬幼虫从越冬初期至越冬滞育期 ,4龄幼虫的平均过冷却点从初期的-1 7 2℃下降至滞育期的 -2 4 4℃ ;5龄幼虫的平均过冷却点从 -1 3 4℃下降至 -2 4 8℃。越冬幼虫体内水分、糖元、脂肪含量下降 ,其中以糖元含量下降明显 ;越冬幼虫以“小分子糖—氨基酸—糖蛋白”物质系统形成抗寒基质 ,增强耐寒性。     

大黄鱼鱼苗耗氧率和窒息点的研究

为了给大黄鱼的生理学及大黄鱼养殖的放养密度、水质管理、饵料利用以及活鱼运输等提供技术参考依据,对大黄鱼基础代谢水平进行测定。在3种水温(14,20,25℃)条件下测定大黄鱼[Pseudosciaena crocea(Richardson)]鱼苗(体长7.8~9.1 cm,体重6.61~8.85 g)的耗氧状况,据此计算出大黄鱼鱼苗的耗氧率,及瞬时耗氧率与溶氧量及水温的相关关系。结果表明,大黄鱼鱼苗耐低氧能力差,其耗氧率和窒息点溶解氧水平都随水温的升高而增大,14℃时两者为2.833μg/(g.min)和1.42 mg/L;25℃时两者为4.677μg/(g.min)和2.27 mg/L。大黄鱼鱼苗的瞬时耗氧率在其呼吸生理的某个时段出现特殊现象:当水中溶解氧下降至其浮头点和昏迷临界点之间时,瞬时耗氧率会在一个较短的时间范围内呈现跳跃式提升,这种现象在已有的鱼类耗氧率研究中从未出现过。此后的瞬时耗氧率急速下降至最低点,其呼吸类型可归属于逆向型。     

Landscape ecology of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phragmites australis</Emphasis> invasion in networks of linear wetlands

The interaction between landscape structure and spatial patterns of plant invasion has been little addressed by ecologists despite the new insights it can provide. Because of their spatial configuration as highly connected networks, linear wetlands such as roadside or agricultural ditches, can serve as corridors facilitating invasion at the landscape scale, but species dynamics in these important habitats are not well known. We conducted a landscape scale analysis of Phragmites australis invasion patterns (1985–2002 and 1987–2002) in two periurban areas of southern Québec (Canada) focusing on the interaction between the network of linear wetlands and the adjacent land-uses. Results show that, at the beginning of the reference period, the two landscapes were relatively non-invaded and populations occurred mostly in roadside habitats which then served as invasion foci into other parts of the landscape. The intrinsic rates of increase of P. australis populations in linear anthropogenic habitats were generally higher than those reported for natural wetlands. Riparian habitats along streams and rivers were little invaded compared to anthropogenic linear wetlands, except when they intersected transportation rights-of-way. Bivariate spatial point pattern analysis of colonization events using both Euclidian and network distances generally showed spatial dependence (association) to source populations. An autologistic regression model that included landscape and edaphic variables selected transportation rights-of-way as the best predictor of P. australis occurrence patterns in one of the landscapes. Given the high invasion rates observed, managers of linear wetlands should carefully monitor expansion patterns especially when roads intersect landscapes of conservation or economic value.     

加降凝剂输油技术的现状及发展方向

输油管道添加降凝剂是改善原油代温流变性的一种物理化学方法，从降凝剂的筛选和复配，处理条件，应用方式，配套设施、应用效果等方面系统地介绍了含蜡原油添加降凝剂输送工艺的研究及应用现状，指出了降凝剂在研究和应用中存在的问题，对添加降凝剂的输油技术进行了客观评价，展望了降凝输油技术的发展方向。     

垂直圆盘式气吸排种器种子着地点原始误差数学模型的建立

使用气吸式播种机进行播种可大大提高作业效率,减轻劳动强度。针对目前垂直圆盘式气吸播种机在作业时存在种子着地误差较大的问题,分析其误差形成的原因与过程,建立相应的数学模型,为播种机具性能的改进提供理论依据。     

高维Mobius群的初等子群

研究了４ 种高维 Ｍｏｂｉｕｓ 群的初等子群定义之间的关系⒚得到了高维 Ｍｏｂｉｕｓ 群是初等群的充要条件；在离散的条件下，给出了这种初等子群的结构性定理⒚     

解析点在园林景观设计中的形式表达

点是现代景观设计中一个重要的视觉造型元素。现就景观设计中点的涵义、形态视觉特性等方面进行论述,并通过应用实例来阐述景观设计中点的几种表达方式,不同"点"的造型要素在不同应用情况下产生的不同景观效果。     

一种恢复渠道中线测量的快捷方法

渠道是农田水利建设的一个重要工程，渠道测量在渠道兴、改、扩建中具有重要的地位和作用。仅就施工过程中如何快捷恢复渠道中线的测量方法作了探讨，并对恢复中线的精度作了相应分析。     

不同穗型水稻群体中温湿度特征的研究

本研究以不同穗型的3个品种沈稻11、辽粳294和沈农9816为试材，研究了水稻群体间的温湿度特征。结果表明，白天不同品种水稻群体中温度和相对湿度的变化趋势与大气一致。水稻群体中露点温度的脉动远大于温度和相对湿度，总的趋势是中午露点温度较高。不同水稻群体中温度的差异小于湿度。从8月上旬至9月中旬，不同品种群体中的温、湿度差异逐渐增大，弯穗品种群体中的温度低于直立、半直立穗品种，湿度大于直立、半直立穗品种，直立和半直立穗品种之间的差别不太大。     

Nitrate leaching in a silage maize field under different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer rates

Quantification of the interactive effects of nitrogen (N) and water on nitrate (NO₃) loss provides an important insight for more effective N and water management. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer levels on nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃-N) leaching in a silage maize field. The experiment included four irrigation levels (0.7, 0.85, 1.0, and 1.13 of soil moisture depletion, SMD) and three N fertilization levels (0, 142, and 189 kg N ha⁻¹), with three replications. Ceramic suction cups were used to extract soil solution at 30 and 60 cm soil depths for all 36 experimental plots. Soil NO₃-N content of 0-30 and 30-60-cm layers were evaluated at planting and harvest maturity. Total N uptake (NU) by the crop was also determined. Maximum NO₃-N leaching out of the 60-cm soil layer was 8.43 kg N ha⁻¹, for the 142 kg N ha⁻¹ and over irrigation (1.13 SMD) treatment. The minimum and maximum seasonal average NO₃ concentration at the 60 cm depth was 46 and 138 mg l⁻¹, respectively. Based on our findings, it is possible to control NO₃ leaching out of the root zone during the growing season with a proper combination of irrigation and fertilizer management.