面向安全服务重组多目标优化的粒子群遗传算法

遗传算法具有快速随机的全局搜索能力,但局部搜索能力差,易陷入早熟收敛,迭代效率低.粒子群算法采用速度——位置模型,可以较快收敛到指定精度.将粒子群算法与遗传算法融合,采用多目标遗传算法得出初步的优化结果,并将其作为粒子,利用粒子群算法强化局部搜索,加快收敛速度,仿真结果证明了该算法的优越性.在CSSM对底层安全服务的重组时利用粒子群和遗传算法的结合(GAPSO),能够提高效率.     

西部大开发中的生态环境建设问题——代笔谈小结

本文是在《林业科学》上连续登载的“在西部大开发中的生态环境建设问题”笔谈的阶段小结。文中概略阐述了生态环境建设的概念和内涵 ,生态环境建设在西部大开发中的位置 ,提出了西部地区生态环境建设应遵循的 6项原则 ,即因地制宜 ,因害设防 ;保护先行 ,善待自然 ;多样措施 ,林草为本 ;生态经济 ,密切结合 ;全面规划 ,综合治理 ;加大投入 ,群策群力。最后对当前生态环境建设中存在的及有不同看法的一些问题进行了分析探讨 ,这些问题包括 :天然林保护工程的导向问题 ,退耕还林还草的选向问题 ,林草植被建设的方式和技术问题 ,以及生态环境建设与水资源的关系问题     

汽车多路传输系统数据的简化算法

介绍了一种应用于汽车多路传输系统中所有关联数据库数据的简化算法.同时对此算法进行了具体的性能分析.汽车多路传输系统允许汽车电子系统内各个智能模块共享信息,实现了信息在各个电子模块中进行实时交换,从而能提高各个智能模块之间的信息交换速度.     

The method for designing the profile of forest roads supported by genetic algorithm

This study examines a method for designing an optimum profile of a forest road in a short matter of time. In this method, a genetic algorithm (GA) searches for points where the gradient changes and dynamic programing (DP) designs the longitudinal slope. This method can be applied to the ground heights of an actual forest road. The evaluation function of the DP assesses the total expenditure. The inverse of this function is the fitness function. Crossover and mutation are operators of an evolution simulation of a GA. They are each repeated 20 times and 420 profiles are designed and assessed, all within about 10 min. A comparison of the profile designed by the GA with that of an actual forest road shows only one section where the formation level differed substantially. Overall, both profiles seem to show a high degree of correspondence. From this result, we believe that the profile designed by the GA is best, or the one of the best. A conventional method takes about 65 h to calculate all changing points of gradients. However, by using the GA, the calculation time was reduced to about 1/389 that of the coventional method, showing that the method which uses the GA through the profile design is very useful.     

Effects of polyline simplification of dynamic GPS data under forest canopy on area and perimeter estimations

The objectives of this study were to determine Global Positioning System (GPS) positional errors while moving under the forest canopy and to clarify the effects of polyline simplification on area and perimeter estimations. We used the Pathfinder Pro XR and GPSMAP 76S, which are categorized as “high-end mapping” and “general navigation” GPS receivers, respectively. The field tests were conducted in both natural and plantation forests. The results showed that the Pathfinder Pro XR, which has better multipath rejection technology, worked well, especially in the plantation forest under unfavorable conditions of higher stand density. We used analysis of variance to clarify the effects of the receiver type, positioning mode, stand type, and polyline simplification method on area and perimeter estimations. The receiver type and positioning mode were found to be significant factors that affected area estimation. The Pathfinder Pro XR estimated the area more accurately than the GPSMAP 76S, and differential GPS estimated the area more accurately than autonomous GPS. With respect to the perimeter, the receiver type, positioning mode, and polyline simplification method were found to be significant factors. The results showed that perimeter estimation was improved by using the velocity filter, and further improved by using the velocity filter and Douglas-Peucker algorithm, especially when the Pathfinder Pro XR was used. The GPSMAP 76S estimated the perimeter accurately without any filtering because its default speed filter worked well, even though the GPSMAP 76S is a general navigation GPS receiver.     

实数型遗传算法的研究

在引入实数型遗传算法的基础上,对遗传算法的关键问题交叉和变异操作进行了深入的研究,提出了几种新颖而实用的交叉和突异操作方法。同时,对需编码的传统的二进制型遗传算法和无需编码的实数型遗传算法进行了简要的比较,阐述了实数型遗传算法的优越性。     

动态车辆路径问题研究综述

指出了动态车辆路径问题是运筹学和组合优化领域的前沿研究方向,研究动态车辆路径问题具有重要的理论和现实意义。阐述了动态车辆问题（DVRP）,根据动态信息的特征将动态车辆路径问题分为随机车辆路径问题（SVRP）和模糊车辆路径问题（FVRP）。从动态车辆路径问题的建模、算法和仿真优化三个方面分析了其研究成果,对现有研究的不足进行了探讨,提出了动态车辆路径问题的进一步研究方向。     

花生油中黄曲霉毒素B1含量的荧光光谱表征

花生油在生产过程中极易受到黄曲霉毒素B1(Aflatoxin B1, AFB1)的污染。针对AFB1的传统检测方法操作繁琐、时效性差等问题,利用荧光光谱技术快速检测花生油中AFB1含量。首先通过三维荧光光谱确定最佳激发波长,使用K-means和自组织映射(Self organizing map, SOM)聚类算法对花生油中AFB1含量进行超标与否的定性鉴别,准确率均达95%以上;其次使用2种预处理算法和2种降维算法,选出竞争自适应重加权采样(Competitive adaptive reweighted sampling, CARS)为最佳的波长选择方法;随后将回声状态网络(Echo state network, ESN)用于AFB1的定量建模,同时与其他模型作比较,结果显示CARS-ESN模型获得了最佳AFB1含量预测效果;最后将麻雀搜索算法(Sparrow search algorithm, SSA)用于对ESN参数进行寻优,最终预测集决定系数达0.984,均方根误差达2.13μg/kg。结果表明了荧光光谱技术结合ESN预测花生油中AFB1含量的可行性,为在线检测食用油中真菌毒素含...     

基于群智能优化算法的土壤水动力参数反演

土壤水动力参数是模拟田间土壤物质传输过程的基本参数,准确确定土壤水动力参数对实现农田生境精准调控具有重要意义。基于一维垂直入渗试验数据,采用代数方法和数值方法,构造3个不同的目标函数,并分析鲸鱼优化算法和灰狼优化算法反演Brooks-Corey-Mualem模型参数的适用性。结果表明：通过选择合适的目标函数,两种群智能优化算法均可用于反演土壤水动力参数。在代数方法中,鲸鱼优化算法在目标函数2下(由累积入渗量、入渗时间、含水率构成的相对误差)固定参数θ_r、θ_s优化得到的土壤水动力参数误差最小,反演参数得到的累积入渗量、入渗率、含水率的相对误差都在9.74%以下,决定系数都在0.904 0以上,反演时间为70 s;在数值方法中,灰狼优化算法在目标函数3下(由累积入渗量、湿润锋深度、含水率构成的相对误差)固定参数θ_r、θ_s优化得到的参数误差最小,反演参数得到的累积入渗量、入渗率、含水率的相对误差都在2.53%以下,决定系数都在0.991 7以上,反演时间为115 s。因此,代数方法所用时间短、精度相对较低...     

基于彩色空间距离优化的秸秆覆盖率检测算法研究

秸秆覆盖率是保护性耕作重要的评价指标之一。针对田间秸秆形态各异、细碎秸秆难以识别的难题,基于机器视觉技术,提出了一种基于K-means和彩色空间距离灰度化方法相结合的田间秸秆覆盖率检测算法。采用彩色空间距离方法对秸秆图像进行预处理,基于K-means算法实现秸秆和土壤背景的分类识别,使用数学形态学腐蚀和膨胀方法对识别后的图像进行处理,降低细碎秸秆对覆盖率的影响,最后计算秸秆图像的覆盖率。2022年10月,通过田间试验对北京小汤山国家精准农业研究示范基地采集的220幅玉米秸秆图像进行了算法验证。试验结果表明,对低秸秆覆盖率(0～30%)图像,识别准确率达到90%;对中等秸秆覆盖率(30%～60%)图像,识别准确率达到88%;对高秸秆覆盖率(60%以上)图像,识别准确率达到86%;整体秸秆覆盖率分等定级准确度达到98.18%。本研究设计的基于K-means和彩色空间距离灰度化方法相结合的田间秸秆覆盖率检测算法为保护性耕作评价提供了快速检测方法和手段。