响应面法优化挤压膨化犬粮加工工艺的研究

以犬粮配方研究中所确定的最佳配方为基础,以糊化度作为挤压膨化犬粮核心品质指标,通过单因素和响应面实验,对螺杆转速、物料水分、喂料速率和套筒温度等双螺杆挤压机的主要操作参数与犬粮糊化度之间的关系进行了研究。建立了糊化度与4个因素变化的二次回归方程。结果表明,物料水分为25%,螺杆转速为30 Hz(1 Hz=5 r/min),套筒温度为160℃,喂料速率为24 Hz(1 Hz=1.7 r/min)的条件下,犬粮的糊化度达到89.7%。     

响应面法优化鸡α干扰素工程菌发酵培养基

本研究采用单因素试验和响应面法相结合的方式优化毕赤酵母重组菌的发酵培养基,以提高毕赤酵母发酵液的生物量。首先,通过单因素试验确定最优碳、氮源分别为甘油和NH4H2PO4;然后,采用Plackett-Burman试验、最陡爬坡试验及Box-Behnken响应面分析并结合Design Expert统计分析软件构建响应方程。利用该方程预测得到最佳培养基配方:甘油46g/L,NH4H2PO414g/L,K2SO418g/L,MgSO415g/L,CaSO41.0g/L,KH2PO45g/L,KOH1.5g/L,初始pH6.96,PTM1盐4.4mL/L。此条件下毕赤酵母发酵后湿重具有最高值为175.54g/L,生物量比优化前提高了50%,并且培养基成本低廉,成分简单,方便调控,适合大规模发酵生产。     

粗粮型羊乳奶泡加工工艺的响应面优化

以羊乳、玉米面为主要原料,以产品的感官评分和硬度为响应值,利用响应面分析法对粗粮型羊乳奶泡的加工工艺进行优化。结果表明：最佳工艺参数为：玉米面与羊乳比例（m/V）0.435∶1、木糖醇与蔗糖比例（m/m）约0.712∶1、蔗糖酯（以质量分数计,下同）0.18%、β-环状糊精2.8%,柠檬酸0.0958%、明胶1.994%。研制出的产品不仅外观光滑、色泽均匀、口感清凉且甜度适中、兼有羊乳和玉米面的特有香味,感官分值达95.48分,硬度为371.95 g,适合于绝大部分人群,产品中的营养物质和保健成分也得以最大程度保留。     

microRNA-146a通过靶向MAPK4和Myosin Va基因调控羊驼黑色素细胞增殖、迁移

旨在研究microRNA-146a(miR-146a)对羊驼黑色素细胞增殖和迁移的调控及其分子机制.本研究使用双荧光素酶试验验证MAPK4和Myosin Va是miR-146a的靶基因;利用荧光定量PCR和蛋白质免疫印迹试验检测在羊驼黑色素细胞中过表达miR-146a对相关下游基因表达的影响;利用CCK8和Transw...     

响应面法优化沙棘再制奶酪加工工艺

本试验以新鲜沙棘果及奶酪为主要原料,探讨了沙棘再制奶酪的加工工艺。首先经护色、打浆、精磨、过滤、调酸、均质等工序,制备澄清均一的沙棘果汁。以样品感官品质和Vc含量为评价指标,通过单因素试验以及响应面试验,得出最佳配方及工艺为：35.00%天然奶酪、18.56%沙棘果汁（料水质量比1∶1）、1.54%复合乳化盐（m_柠檬酸钠∶m_{多聚磷酸钠}∶m_焦磷酸钠∶m_{六偏磷酸钠}=4∶2∶2∶1）、12.00%黄油、6.00%脱脂乳粉、6.00%白砂糖、0.50%复合稳定剂（m_卡拉胶∶m_黄原胶=4∶1）,其余20.40%为纯净水,乳化温度为84 ℃,乳化时间为11.4 min,搅拌速度为3 000 r/min。经此工艺制成的成品,感官评分为57.5分（满分60分）,Vc含量达16.61 mg/100 g。成品组织结构细腻光滑、色泽橘黄、口感润滑、营养丰富,具有沙棘果的风味,符合《GB25192—2010 再制奶酪》要求。     

响应面优化转透明颤菌血红蛋白基因里氏木霉液体发酵产纤维素酶的培养条件

研究采用响应面法并以滤纸酶活力（filter paper activity,FPA）作为响应值对转透明颤菌血红蛋白基因的里氏木霉（Trichoderma reesei）Tu6-VHb菌株液体发酵产纤维素酶的发酵条件进行优化。根据单因素试验结果设计P-B试验,筛选出影响Tu6-VHb菌株发酵产酶的3个显著因素：吐温-80含量、发酵液体积（250 mL三角瓶发酵）、氮源浓度。用最陡爬坡路径法逼近最大响应值区域,运用响应面B-B试验设计确定3个显著因素之间的交互作用和最佳发酵条件。结果显示,Tu6-VHb产纤维素酶的最佳发酵条件是：吐温-80含量0.39%,发酵液体积61.32 mL（250 mL三角瓶发酵）,氮源浓度0.87%。经优化后,Tu6-VHb菌株发酵产纤维素酶酶活力达51.72 U/mL,与模型预测值51.94 U/mL相近,较优化前该菌株酶活力（39.984 U/mL）提高了29.35%,是未转入透明颤菌血红蛋白基因的里氏木霉（Trichoderma reesei）Tu6菌株酶活力（35.904 U/mL）的1.44倍。     

Major outer membrane proteins of Brucella spp.: past,present and future

The major outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of Brucella spp. were initially identified in the early 1980s and characterised as potential immunogenic and protective antigens. They were classified according to their apparent molecular mass as 36–38 kDa OMPs or group 2 porin proteins and 31–34 and 25–27 kDa OMPs which belong to the group 3 proteins. The genes encoding the group 2 porin proteins were identified in the late 1980s and consist of two genes, omp2a and omp2b, which are closely linked in the Brucella genome, and which share a great degree of identity (>85%). In the 1990s, two genes were identified coding for the group 3 proteins and were named omp25 and omp31. The predicted amino acid sequences of omp25 and omp31 share 34% identity. The recent release of the genome sequence of B. melitensis 16 M has revealed the presence of five additional gene products homologous to Omp25 and Omp31. The use of recombinant protein technology and monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) has shown that the major OMPs appear to be of little relevance as antigens in smooth (S) B. abortus or B. melitensis infections i.e. low or no protective activity in the mouse model of infection and low or no immunogenicity during host infection. However, group 3 proteins, in particular Omp31, appear as immunodominant antigen in the course of rough (R) B. ovis infection in rams and as important protective antigen in the B. ovis mouse model of infection. The major OMP genes display diversity and specific markers have been identified for Brucella species, biovars, and strains, including the recent marine mammal Brucella isolates for which new species names have been proposed. Recently, Omp25 has been shown to be involved in virulence of B. melitensis, B. abortus and B. ovis. Mutants lacking Omp25 are indeed attenuated in animal models of infection, and moreover provide levels of protection similar or better than currently used attenuated vaccine strain B. melitensis Rev.1. Therefore, these mutant strains appear interesting vaccine candidates for the future. The other group 3 proteins identified in the genome merit also further investigation related to the development of new vaccines.     

胚胎干细胞的研究进展

胚胎干细胞来源于附植前胚胎的内细胞团或附植后胎儿的原始生殖细胞具有发育全能性的细胞。本文从它的研究概况、生物学特性、胚胎干细胞的分离培养与建系等方面做一概述。     

哺乳动物嵌合体制作及分析进展

嵌合体技术对研究哺乳动物早期胚胎的发育,探索细胞分化规律,掌握基因的表达调控规律,建立遗传疾病动物模型等具有重要意义。本文分别就近几年来嵌合体动物的制作方法及分析手段作一简要概述。     

科学养狐 走出困境

本文详细介绍了新源良种狐繁育场引进国内外科研成果,改良提高国产蓝狐质量,加大科技投入,保持和发挥优良种狐的遗传潜力和抓好基础建设,提高饲养管理的科技含量的成功经验。