不同来源苹果茎沟病毒分离物部分序列分子特性研究

[目的]明确为害新疆不同品种梨的苹果茎沟病毒(Apple Stem Grooving Virus,ASGV)侵染状况,并对获得的病毒基因序列进行分子鉴定.[方法]采用生物学和分子生物学方法对来源于新疆梨、砂梨及红梨上的ASGV进行检测,将获得基因序列进行比对分析.[结果]从10份新疆梨、2份砂梨及3份云南红梨样品上扩增到预期大小为500 by的ASGV扩增产物.对扩增产物进行克隆和测序,序列分析的结果显示,15个ASGV分离物的CP基因核昔酸及其编码的氨基酸序列相似性分别为88.2;-100;和95.6;-100;,CP基因核苷酸序列构建系统发育树显示,来源于库尔勒香梨分离物KII-3、KII-5、KII-7和新梨7号的分离物XII-5、XII -6,与早期已报道的库尔勒香梨分离物KRL-1及砂梨分离物P-6-1-17亲缘关系较近,聚集成簇.此外,库尔勒香梨的分离物KII-10、KII-14及新粱7号的分离物XII-10与云南红梨上2个分离物YN-2和YN-4聚集成簇,遗传距离较近.[结论]CP基因核昔酸序列系统发育树显示,来源于新获不同品种梨的8个ASGV 分离物及红梨上3个ASGV分离物位于两个不同的组群,存在复杂遗传变异现象.     

ISSR标记技术在植物病原真菌研究中的应用

本文对ISSR在植物病原真菌研究中的应用现状进行综述。在植物病原真菌研究中,ISSR主要应用在遗传多样性研究,种间及种内关系及病菌检测,种群遗传分化以及在抗病基因标记及定位中的应用等方面。ISSR技术具操作简单、重复性、多态性丰富和耗资少等优点,并且能鉴定到病原真菌小种,这将使其在新物种鉴定、病菌检测、遗传分化等研究中发挥积极作用,也会被越来越多地应用在更多领域中。     

航天搭载玉米自交系SP3的变异研究

为了解航天诱变对3个玉米自交系SP3株系在主要性状上与地面同源对照种子的变异情况,研究其变异规律,为其后代的选育和研究提供理论依据。对诱变后代主要性状的变异幅度、变异系数和平均值与对照进行对比,并对性状平均值进行差异显著性测验。3个玉米自交系SP3株系的多数性状均产生明显变异,为选择不同类型的种质材料提供了基础。其中株系株型性状变异偏植株变矮,叶面积变小,利于选择矮杆叶疏的变异材料;果穗性状变异较小,选择意义不大;而生育期和雄穗性状的变异差异较大。航天诱变处理对不同材料不同性状的诱变效果差异较大,应根据具体的育种目标选择适合的诱变材料,从中选择有利的变异。     

不同郁闭度林茶复合模式对茶树光合日变化的影响

茶叶的产量和品质与生长环境关系非常密切,为探明林分不同郁闭度对茶树光合日变化的影响,本研究以不同郁闭度的栾树（Koelreuteria paniculata）-茶（Camellia sinensis）复合系统中茶树为材料,纯茶园为对照（CK）,利用便携式LI-6400光合作用测定仪研究茶树分别在0.3（T1）、0.6（T2）和0.9（T3）郁闭度条件下的光合作用参数日变化。结果表明：随郁闭度增加,茶树光合有效辐射（PAR）和叶片温度（Tl）日均值和差值呈递减趋势,日变化呈单峰曲线;茶树净光合速率（Pn）日均值随郁闭度增加呈递减趋势,均表现双峰型曲线;CK和T1的蒸腾速率（Tr）和气孔导度（Gs）日变化午间受到明显的抑制且呈双峰曲线,T2和T3呈单峰型曲线。     

航天诱变紫花苜蓿第一代植株(SP1)表型变异及基因多态性分析

采用正交设计优化紫花苜蓿(Medicagosativa L.)SSR-PCR反应体系,从17对SSR引物中筛选出6对扩增产物具有稳定多态性的引物,检测第1代植株的基因多态性。结果表明:4个紫花苜蓿品种德福(Defi)、德宝(Derby)、阿尔刚金(Algonguin)、三得利(Sanditi)共检测到25个等位基因,每对引物检测出2～8个等位基因,平均为4.17个。结合植株较高、叶色较深、叶片较大、多叶4个表型突变指标,检测经过表型变异筛选的植株等位基因频率及每个位点的多态性信息量(PIC),PIC在0.2216～0.8328之间变化,平均为0.6366。分析多态基因植株与表型变异的相关性,根据检测结果初步确定了13株突变植株,为后继世代遗传变异的多代跟踪及选育奠定基础。     

北京地区早熟禾属植物种质资源研究

为收集优良的草坪种质资源,对北京地区野生早熟禾属(Poa L.)植物资源进行了实地考察。北京共有早熟禾属植物20种1个亚种,其中7个种及1个亚种为新分布,西部和北部山区早熟禾属植物物种分布较为丰富,尤其是东灵山、百花山、海坨山及喇叭沟门。从垂直分布看,草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis L.)为广布种,从平原到高海拔地区均有分布。硬质早熟禾(Poasphondylodes Trin.)在低山区常见,其他物种主要分布在海拔1000 m以上的地区。通过研究23份来自不同居群的草地早熟禾花序特征,发现不同居群的花序性状间存在较大的变异,花序基部最短分枝长的变异最大,花序小穗数次之。     

Variation in seed and seedling traits among natural populations of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trigonobalanus doichangensis</Emphasis> (A. Camus) Forman (Fagaceae), a rare and endangered plant in southwest China

The extent of genetic variation in seed and seedling traits of Trigonobalanus doichangensis, a rare and endangered tree in southwest China, was evaluated at the population level. Seeds were collected from four natural populations in the south and southwest Yunnan province, China. Significant differences (P < 0.05) between populations were observed in seed length, seed weight and seedling morphological characters. The analyses revealed that none of the seed and seedling traits had significant correlations with the geo-climatic variables of the populations. Among seed and seedling traits, significant correlations (P < 0.05) were discovered among seed length, seed weight and height of 30-day-old seedlings. Significant correlation (r = 1.00, P < 0.01) occurred also between the height and root collar diameter of 4-year-old seedlings. With the exception of seed width and seed germination percentage, 51–96% of total variation in other seed and seedling related traits was attributed to population effect, as determined by the broad sense heritability. In conclusion, these observations on variation in seed and seedling traits should be a reference point, when considering seed collection of this species for ex situ conservation and species restoration.     

Effects of forest structure and microhabitat on the distribution and flowering of a rare understory plant, Actaea elata

Knowing which environmental characteristics constrain forest understory species’ distribution and reproduction can inform conservation decisions about habitat management and locations for reintroduction efforts. Differential plant performance is common in varying environmental conditions, such as levels of canopy closure. Actaea elata (tall bugbane) is a rare, perennial, forest understory herb found from Oregon to British Columbia. Populations throughout this species’ range commonly occur in managed forests. We assessed the importance of environmental variation on the distribution and flowering of A. elata at both microhabitat and site-level scales. At four sites encompassing a variety of forest types, we measured several biotic and abiotic variables at vegetative and reproductive plants, as well as at random points. We measured these same variables at three sites where A. elata has been extirpated. Within occupied sites, reproductive plants were more likely to be located in canopy gaps than were vegetative plants. Both vegetative and reproductive plants were more likely to be found in areas of high herb cover compared to random points. These results indicate that gaps in the canopy may be critical for this species’ ability to reproduce, but survival may be possible in a broader range of forest understory conditions (similar to other co-occurring herb species). Random points at extirpated and occupied sites both tended to be located in areas of lower canopy openness and moisture availability than points in occupied sites where A. elata was present. Extirpated sites were either densely forested or clearcut, while occupied sites contained stands of intermediate density. Circaea alpina, Geranium robertianum, and Lactuca muralis were indicator species for A. elata and normally indicate moist soils, with Circaea alpina being a strong indicator of the presence of flowering A. elata. Taken together, our results suggest that maintenance of canopy gaps is important to promote flowering, and understory species that indicate moist sites, particularly Circaea alpina, can be used as aids to locate new populations of A. elata.     

Differences in ecophysiological responses to summer drought between seedlings of three deciduous oak species

Seasonal variations in water status and gas exchange were assessed in 2-year-old seedlings of Quercus pubescens Willd., Quercus ithaburensis Decaisne subsp. macrolepis (Kotsch) Hedge & Yalt, and Quercus frainetto Ten. during the 2004 growing season characterized by the typical summer drought conditions observed in Greece. The seedlings were grown under field conditions. After establishment half of the seedlings were well watered, while the rest received no irrigation other than natural rainfall. Measurements were conducted from April to October.     

栓皮栎种子及苗期种源变异分析

收集了栓皮栎主要分布区12个种源的种子,对种子及播种苗进行了测定分析.结果表明,栓皮栎种子的大小、质量、发芽率及苗期的生长,在种源间均存在显著差异.栓皮栎中心分布区域种源的种子相对较大,发芽率较高,来自这些区域的种源苗期生长亦较旺盛.苗期生长的显著差异表明,栓皮栎种源间及种源内优良类型选育具有很大潜力.