灌区评估指标的选取及灰关联分析

该文探讨了灌区评估指标体系的建立方法,对评估指标的选取与预处理进行了系统分析,并尝试应用灰色系统理论中的灰关联度分析法,对灌区评估指标进行关联分析,从而很方便地进行灌区之间的评估、排队及比较,与传统的强制打分法相比,此法简便易行,无需预先建立评判标准,因此是一种新的评估分析法。     

Using drainage systems for supplementary irrigation

The use of drainage systems for supplementary irrigation is widespread in The Netherlands. One of the operating policies is to raise the surface water level during the growing season in order to reduce drainage (water conservation) or to create subsurface irrigation. This type of operation is based on practical experience, which can be far from optimal.To obtain better founded operational water management rules a total soil water/surface water model was built. In a case study the effects of using the drainage system in a dual-purpose manner on the arable crop production were simulated with the model. Also, the operational rules for managing this type of dual-purpose drainage systems were derived.The average annual simulated increase in crop transpiration due to water conservation and water supply for subsurface irrigation are 6.0 and 5.4 mm.y^–1, respectively. This is equivalent with 520 × 10³ and 460 × 10³ Dfl.y^–1 for the pilot region (2 Dfl 1 US $). The corresponding investments and operational costs are 600 × 10³ Dfl and 9 × 10³ Dfl.y^–1 for water conservation and 3200 × 10³ Dfl and 128 × 10³ Dfl.y^–1 for subsurface irrigation. Hence, water conservation is economically very profitable, whereas subsurface irrigation is less attractive.Comparing the management according to the model with current practice in a water-board during 1983 and 1986 learned that benefits can increase with some 50 and 500 Dfl per ha per year, respectively.     

不同水肥模式对南方地区单季水稻需水特性影响研究

通过多点田间对比试验,分析了不同灌溉模式、不同施肥方式对南方地区单季水稻需水特性的影响。研究表明,同一区域不同灌溉模式单季水稻需水量变化基本一致;不同区域受外部水文气象条件的影响,其需水高峰期出现的时间存在差异;施肥方式对单季水稻需水量的影响小于灌溉模式,在合理施肥条件下、增加施肥次数会略增加水稻需水量。     

葡萄干彩色图像的背景分割研究

背景分割是分析葡萄干其他特征的基础。为此,经研究提出一种改进的迭代算法,用来获取葡萄干灰度图像阈值;基于RGB阈值法与亮度阈值法,对葡萄干进行背景分割后的图像分析比较,证明亮度阈值法能较好地进行葡萄干彩色图像背景分割,保存图像的颜色信息。     

搅拌机的研制

介绍了搅拌机最基本的设计步骤,首先确定了执行机构的运动机构,确定四杆机的长度,验证是否合适;验证曲柄存在的条件,检查连杆是否干涉,验证四杆机构的传力性能以验证四杆机构是否有较高效率;计算出溶液阻力从而列出力矩平衡方程求出平衡力,求出阻力矩,利用阻力矩与等效驱动力矩之间的关求出最大盈亏功,从而确定飞轮惯量;最后确定了电动机的功率。     

旱地全膜双垄沟残膜捡拾机的设计

针对我国西北旱地全膜双垄沟残膜捡拾机仿形能力差、拾净率低的问题,设计了一种旱地全膜双垄沟滚筒式残膜捡拾机。同时,阐述了整机结构及工作原理,并通过机构分析和计算确定了关键部件工作参数,旨在为残膜回收提供一种新的机具。     

叶用型沙棘育种研究--“蒙×中”沙棘F1代雄株变异特性与选优标准的研究

通过对蒙古沙棘亚种优良品种与中国沙棘亚种优良类型F1代雄株的变异特性分析,建立了选择优 良单株的标准,为叶用型沙棘选择育种提供了科学依据。     

小水电站峰谷电量计算方法初探

为了正确评价小水电站的经济性,提高其设计质量,提出了一种较好的峰谷电量计算方法。首先,在指出常规计算方法没有要求计算日调节库容的弊病的基础上,提出了采取从调节库容中预留出足够的日调节库容的改进方法。接着,确定了一种较好的日调节库容计算方法。最后,给出了4种不同类的峰谷电量计算公式。     

Visits to the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation from South Asia and the Middle East, 1946–1990: An indicator of changing international programs and politics

International study programs have contributed to the diffusion of modern irrigation technologies, approaches, and problems. But the patterns and processes of international travel have received little attention to date. This paper examines foreign visits to the US Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) from South Asia and the Middle East from 1946 to 1990. Using data from the Foreign Activities Branch of the USBR, we compare the participation rates from 16 countries in South Asia and the Middle East. India, Turkey, and Egypt had the highest rates of participation, followed by Pakistan, Iran, and Israel. The frequency of visits is influenced by political, economic, cultural, and institutional factors. But the most important factors appear to be foreign relations and geopolitics. Given the problems faced by national irrigation bureaucracies around the world, there is a need to focus more directly on political factors than in the past.     

农业机器人移动平台的研究现状与发展趋势

简要介绍了农业机器人在农业信息化智能化中的重要地位以及机器人移动机构的类型,综述了当今农业机器人移动平台的研究现状,展望了今后这一领域的发展趋势。