云南4种典型材用丛生竹宏观解剖结构与主要物理力学性质的关系

对云南４种典型的材用丛生竹（龙竹Ｄｅｎｄｒｏｃａｌａｍｕｓｇｉｇａｎｔｅｕｓ,甜龙竹Ｄｅｎｄｒｏｃａｌａｍｕｓｂｒａｎｄｉｓｉ,黄竹Ｄｅｎｄｒｏｃａｌａｍｕｓｍｅｍｂｒａｎａｃｅｕｓ,油勒竹Ｂａｍｂｕｓａｌａｐｉｄｅａ）的维管束密度、纤维比量、密度、含水率、干缩率、顺纹抗压强度和弦向抗弯强度的检测结果认为：４种竹材之间和同一竹种内径向、弦向和纵向上的结构和物理力学性质的分布存在着较大的差异。对结构指标与主要物理力学性质之间关系的分析结果认为：纤维比量比维管束密度与竹材物理力学性质的关系更为密切;４种竹材的纤维比量与密度、弦向抗弯强度和顺纹抗压强度呈正比关系,与饱湿含水率呈反比关系。     

A simplified method for estimating soil compaction

We describe a simplified model that allows users to explore some of the main aspects of soil compaction. It is intended for use by non-experts, such as students, and is written as an easy-to-use spreadsheet. It estimates soil bulk density under the centre-line of a wheel track from readily available tyre details. The model uses an analytical method to estimate the propagation of stress in the soil. It contains compactibility data for contrasting soils and it accounts for both rebound and recompression realistically. We present examples that show the potential of the model in selecting tyres and wheel systems to minimise compaction.     

Soil physical quality of a Brazilian Oxisol under two tillage systems using the least limiting water range approach

Plant growth is directly affected by soil water, soil aeration, and soil resistance to root penetration. The least limiting water range (LLWR) is defined as the range in soil water content within which limitations to plant growth associated with water potential, aeration and soil resistance to root penetration are minimal. The LLWR has not been evaluated in tropical soils. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the LLWR in a Brazilian clay Oxisol (Typic Hapludox) cropped with maize (Zea mays L. cv. Cargil 701) under no-tillage and conventional tillage. Ninety-six undisturbed soil samples were obtained from maize rows and between rows and used to determine the water retention curve, the soil resistance curve and bulk density. The results demonstrated that LLWR was higher in conventional tillage than in no-tillage and was negatively correlated with bulk density for values above 1.02 g cm⁻³. The range of LLWR variation was 0–0.1184 cm³ cm⁻³ in both systems, with mean values of 0.0785 cm³ cm⁻³ for no-tillage and 0.0964 cm³ cm⁻³ for conventional tillage. Soil resistance to root penetration determined the lower limit of LLWR in 89% of the samples in no-tillage and in 46% of the samples in conventional tillage. Additional evaluations of LLWR are needed under different texture and management conditions in tropical soils.     

流域泥沙模型中雨量资料的时空尺度分析

以经改进的格林－安普特下渗模型为基础,选择降雨资料有足够短的时段记载的流域和有足够密度雨量站的流域,分别变化时段长和站网密度计算产品,根据模型模拟精度与时段长及站网密度关系线的转折点,确定适当的时段长和合理的站网密度,通过曹坪流域的站网分析和６个小流域试验站的时段分析,发现对社些流域而言,时段长小于１５ｍｉｎ,站网密度大于２个／１００ｋｍ＾２,其降雨时空均化给模型计算带来的误差可以忽略。     

土壤水分对夏玉米农田CO2通量和群体水分利用率的影响

利用CO     

Spermatocrit and spermatozoa density in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua): correlation and variation during the spawning season

The utility of spermatocrit (the proportion of solid packed material in semen after centrifugation) as an indicator of spermatozoa density and male spawning stage was tested in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Semen was collected from captive male cod over three spawning seasons. Spermatocrit was positively and significantly correlated with spermatozoa density measured with a Coulter counter (Multisizer), but not with spermatozoa counts in a haemacytometer. Spermatocrit increased significantly as the spawning season progressed. However, day of season explained only 35% of the variation because spermatocrit varied among individual males. Spermatozoa size remained unchanged throughout the sampling period and was not correlated with spermatocrit, indicating that variation in spermatocrit was due to variation in spermatozoa number and not their size. Spermatocrit is a good estimator of sperm density but is not reliable as indicator of spawning stage because of the variation among individual males.     

降水对高原鼠兔种群消长的影响

就降水对高原鼠兔种群消长的影响进行了研究。结果表明,降水量的变化与高原鼠兔种群数量消长间存在着一定的相关关系;通过对年降水量、三季度降水量和一季度降水量的综合分析,同时参考特殊降水因素的影响,即可对高原鼠兔种群数量的发展趋势作出预测。     

密度和氮肥互作对老芒麦种子产量和活力的影响

[目的]研究不同密度和氮肥互作对新疆地区老芒麦种子产量和活力的影响,为新疆地区老芒麦种子生产提供参考依据.[方法]采用裂区试验设计,设置低密度(25.87×104株/hm2)和高密度(71.52×104株/hm2)2个密度处理,每个密度水平下设0、30、60、90和120 kg/hm25个施氮处理,收获后测定老芒麦种子...     

苹果汁后浑浊因素的研究

研究了鲜榨果汁后浑浊因素的临界值,最终确定的质量浓度临界值为：蛋白质558mg·L(-1),铁60mg·L(-1),淀粉2.5mg·L(-1),单宁酸180mg·L(-1)。实验中采用模拟货架寿命的方法,得到了在40℃下保存6周可以达到室温下保存1a的效果。     

石蛙孵化因子的研究

通过对石蛙蛙卵孵化因子进行研究,发现水中溶氧量、水温和水质是影响蛙卵孵化的主要因子。石蛙孵化要求:溶氧量大于5 m g/L,水温低于28 ℃,水质无污染。