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【目的】探究杏果实主要性状的遗传倾向以及其在正、反交后代中的遗传差异,为杏育种过程中的父母本选配以及后代性状表现的预测提供依据。【方法】对‘串枝红’与‘赛买提’正、反交组合的单果质量、果面盖色、果实形状、果肉硬度和可溶性固形物含量等性状进行了调查,每株杂交后代调查10个果实。【结果】正、反交后代果实大小(单果质量与果实纵、横、侧径)均有偏小的遗传倾向;果面盖色属于质量性状,有彩色相对于无色为显性;果实形状(果实外观形状、纵径/横径、侧径/横径)果实形状表现为趋圆的遗传倾向;正、反交后代果肉硬度与可溶性固形物含量均呈偏低遗传的倾向;果实风味表现为偏酸的遗传倾向。【结论】‘串枝红’与‘赛买提’正、反交后代单果质量、纵、横、侧径多为累加效应形成,且正、反交组合果实累加效应相似,均完全解体;两组合可溶性固形物虽然存在加性效应数量性状的解体,但在子代中由于新的累加效应形成,后代出现超高亲株系。 相似文献
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In Piura (Peru), the pest Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton damages the photosynthetic rate and new bud production of Citrus aurantiifolia Swingle (sweet lemon), decreasing the yield, productivity and commercial price of its fruit. Biological control was evaluated through the crossed effect of bacteria obtained from pests (Anastrepha fraterculus Wied., Ceratitis capitata Wied. and Rhynchophorus palmarum L.) that are pathogenic against their original host species. Enterobacter cloacae (Jordan) Hormaeche & Edwards and Serratia marcescens Bizio (from A. fraterculus and C. capitata) and Pseudomonas mendocina Palleroni (from R. palmarum) were used against P. citrella. The bacterial strains were inoculated into its food and the accumulated mortality was evaluated. Larvae of P. citrella treated with P. mendocina had the highest mortality (66.7%). These bacterial species were entomopathogenic against the original source pest in laboratory and greenhouse bioassays, and this result widens the pathological activity range of these bacterial species. 相似文献
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分析了交错轴摩擦轮机构传动的基本原理,解析了交错轴摩擦轮机构特例——轮地交错轴摩擦轮传动动力学参数的理论关系和设计计算方法,建立了摩擦轮轴向移动方向的判定方法,并利用ADAMS对不同加载条件下轮地交错轴摩擦轮传动关系模型进行了仿真;在此基础上,应用轮地交错轴摩擦轮传动原理分析了基于Mecanum轮的全方位移动小车的运动关系。研究表明,轮地交错轴摩擦轮传动动力学参数的理论设计计算方法准确,传动有效时,摩擦轮与地接触点的静摩擦力与轮轴线的夹角取决于所加载的载荷,接触点静摩擦力与所加载荷能自适应平衡,摩擦轮轮心的移动速度和沿轮轴向移动速度及支撑轴驱动速度之间的关系不受外载的影响,摩擦轮轮心速度和其沿支撑轴的移动速度与其支撑轴的移动速度之间构成直角三角形关系,摩擦轮的两个速度分别是支撑轴移动速度的余弦和正弦;Mecanum轮的腰鼓形辊子与地面形成的传动关系属于交错轴摩擦轮传动,运用轮地交错轴摩擦轮传动的运动关系理论分析Mecanum轮全方位移动小车的运动可行。 相似文献
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Mo17衍生系组配杂交种对我国玉米生产的影响和贡献 总被引:6,自引:4,他引:6
Mo17玉米自交系具有高产、稳产、耐瘠性强、适应性广等特点,由其所组配的玉米杂交种在我国的玉米生产中产生了极其重要的作用.如中单2号、丹玉13、本育9号和烟单14等,这些玉米杂交种种植区域从南到北,从东到西都有种植的历史.随着时间流逝,Mo17玉米自交系明显表现出易感大小斑病、早衰等退化现象.针对上述现象,全国各育种单位先后选育出优良Mo17衍生系,如吉846、吉842、丹1324、龙抗11、4F1、419和495等,这些玉米自交系所组配的杂交种表现出稳产性好、抗病性强、适应性广的优点,深受吉林、黑龙江、内蒙古自治区和辽宁东部山区农民欢迎。 相似文献
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对钢筋混凝土格式梁基础结构的计算和配筋提出了更为通用和精确的计算方法,解决了非正交格式梁基础的计算,提出了更为精确的荷载修正方法,直接从微分方程出发,推导了计算任一截面内力的计算公式,并完成了相应的计算机程序,经实例计算并与文献计算结果比较证明了本文方法的正确性,采用本文方法和相应程序可显著提高计算精度和设计效率。 相似文献
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本试验旨在探讨杜泊羊×湖羊(杜湖)杂交F1代母羔羊在4~6月龄生长阶段的蛋白质代谢规律的同时确定其净蛋白质需要量。选取4月龄左右湖羊杂交F1代母羔[(35.68±1.68)kg]42只,结合比较屠宰试验(30只)和消化代谢试验(12只),利用析因法探讨预测维持和生长净蛋白质需要量的方法。比较屠宰试验:正试期第1天随机挑选6只母羔进行屠宰(A屠宰批次,n=6),其余24只羊随机分为自由采食(AL)组(n=12)、低限饲(LR)组(n=6)和高限饲(HR)组(n=6)3组,当AL组羊均重达42 kg时,选取6只进行屠宰(B屠宰批次,n=6),待其余自由采食组羊均重达50 kg时,将AL组、LR组和HR组羊屠宰,分别作为C、D和E屠宰批次(n=6)。消化代谢试验:将12只羊按照比较屠宰试验的设计,分3组(n=4)进行饲喂。预试期7 d,正试期5 d。结果表明:4~6月龄杜湖杂交F1代母羔的内源性氮损失量为261 mg/kg SBW0.75(SBW为宰前活重),换算为维持净蛋白质需要量为1.63 g/kg SBW0.75。该品种肉羊在35~50 kg体重阶段,平均日增重为100~300 g/d的生长净蛋白质需要量为9.83~25.08 g/d。本试验建立了利用氮沉积量与氮摄入量估测4~6月龄杜湖杂交F1代母羔维持净蛋白质需要量的模型以及体蛋白质含量与排空体重估测生长蛋白质需要量的模型。 相似文献
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杜泊羊、萨福克羊、无角陶赛特羊与小尾寒羊杂交优势利用研究 总被引:3,自引:4,他引:3
试验选杜寒F1、杜寒F2、萨寒F1、陶寒F1以及小尾寒羊共54只(3月龄断奶公羔),按对等原则分组,每组10~12只。研究探讨同一营养水平条件下,全颗粒料饲喂,对不同杂交育肥羔羊产肉力及肉品质的影响。结果表明:杜寒F1平均日增重313g,饲料报酬5.17:1,比小尾寒羊分别提高12.59%和10.71%;比萨寒F1提高14.23%和12.82%;比陶寒F1提高10.99%和l6.34%(P〈0.05);比杜寒F2高出11.79%和3.7%。杜寒F1、杜寒F2、萨寒F1和陶寒F1屠宰率分别比小厄枣羊提高1.8、5.9、1.5和2.5百分点;净肉率分别比小尾寒羊提高4.6、4.2、3.1和3.1百分点。杜寒F1、杜寒F2和陶寒F1眼肌面积均大于小尾寒羊(P〈0.05);大理石纹萨寒F1〉杜寒F1〉杜寒F2〉陶寒F1〉小尾寒羊。肌肉的剪切值则杜寒F2〈陶寒F1〈杜寒F1〈小尾寒羊〈萨寒F1。饲养1只杜寒F1与杜寒F2肥羔羊,按试验期平均增重25kg计算,比小尾寒羊增收26元和12.75元。 相似文献
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N Ek 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1979,20(2):180-190
The characterization of equine prealbumin (Pr) proteins by antigen-antibody crossed electrophoresis. Acta vet. scand. 1979, 20, 180–190. — Selected equine Pr phenotypes from a total of 55 horses of mixed breeds were investigated. The horse sera were subjected to acid starch gel electrophoresis at pH 4.8, followed by right angle electrophoresis in agarose gels containing rabbit-produced anti-Pr protein. This technique gives peaks in the agarose gels corresponding to the Pr zones in acid gels.The investigation revealed patterns of the Pr protein which were more complex than those seen when using ordinary acid starch gel electrophoresis. The phenotypes FF, II and LL showed a total of eight peaks, each with three main peaks in the front. Ahead of these, the Pr II and Pr LL phenotypes each had a fourth small peak. The basic fast pattern for these two phenotypes therefore consisted of four bands. The Pr WW and Pr SS showed a similar picture as regards the fast moving peaks. The Pr NN type appeared with two peaks in the front, one small and one large and with two slow moving ones. The Pr UU type had four peaks, but only in the area of the main Pr U band in acid gels.Four heterozygous Pr phenotypes appeared as a combination of the corresponding homozygous phenotypes, the number and height of the peaks depending on positions and overlappings of these in the respective homozygotes. Thus the Pr FW phenotype showed a total of 10 peaks.The effect of variations in pH of the starch gel buffer was studied. The Pr NN and Pr FF phenotypes were run at pH 4.8, 5.0, 5.2 and 5.4. With increasing pH, the slow moving peaks weakened and moved closer to the fast ones. At pH 5.4 only one large fast moving peak remained. 相似文献