Sericin Accelerates the Production of Hyaluronan and Decreases the Incidence of Polyspermy Fertilization in Bovine Oocytes During In Vitro Maturation

Fetal bovine serum (FBS) has been widely used as a supplement in the maturation medium of bovine oocytes in vitro. However, serum contains many undefined factors and is potentially infectious to humans and animals. As a serum replacement, we evaluated the feasibility of using the silk protein, sericin, derived from the cocoons of silkworm. To examine the rates of oocyte maturation and fertilization, cumulus-oocyte complexes were cultured in TCM-199 supplemented with 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1% or 0.15% sericin or 5% FBS. The sizes of the perivitelline space that might relate to polyspermy, the expressions of Has2 and CD44 mRNA, the amount of hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid: HA) contained in the oocytes and the rates of blastocyst formation following insemination were then compared between the oocytes cultured with 0.05% sericin and 5% FBS, because the polyspermy rates in oocytes cultured with 0.05% sericin were significantly lower than in those cultured with 5% FBS. After in vitro maturation (IVM), the mean size of the perivitelline space was significantly greater in oocytes cultured with sericin than in those cultured with FBS, although the rates of nuclear maturation, fertilization and blastocyst formation of oocytes under both IVM conditions were not significantly different. The expression of HAS2 and CD44 mRNA and the amount of HA in the denuded oocytes cultured with 0.05% sericin were significantly greater than in those cultured with FBS. These results indicate the feasibility of sericin as an alternative protein supplement for IVM in bovine oocytes.     

城市微型公共空间景观设计

随着城市的发展,城市公共空间对城市生活的重要性不断凸显,城市微型公共空间作为其层次结构中不可或缺的一环,在世界范围内也得到了长足发展。但对于我国城市微型公共空间景观设计领域而言,却一直未能得到足够的重视。以深圳市罗湖区嘉宾公园为研究对象,阐述城市微型公共景观设计对于城市公共空间层次结构的重要意义,并展现其为城市所带来的独特魅力。深圳市罗胡区嘉实公园的建成为我国城市微型公共空间提供了一个极佳的参考样本。     

游客需求的城市森林公园游憩空间选择

城市森林公园游憩空间需要合理规划设计,在保护生态环境的同时,满足广大居民的休憩游览等要求。通过问卷调查,研究游客对于城市森林公园游憩空间选择需求情况,以及影响游客对于城市森林公园游憩空间选择的影响因素;通过对于数据的分析,提出城市森林公园游憩空间有关问题和解决建议:加强游憩空间对于游人的吸引力度;游憩空间环境对于游人的影响;游憩空间设施对于游人的影响。     

大型山地城市绿地景观动态及驱动力分析

利用1995年和2007年两期TM和ETM遥感影像数据,结合实地调查,研究了重庆市主城区20世纪90年代中期以来绿地景观格局时空变化特点与成因,讨论了不同绿地类型景观区域格局变化。结果表明,（1）重庆成直辖市以来,研究区整体上绿地景观多样性增加,优势度下降,破碎化增加,景观结构变化呈上升趋势。（2）有林地和其他林地比重减轻,景观破碎度增加;高覆盖度草地面积增加明显,破碎化轻微增加,低覆盖草地破碎化降低。（3）绿地景观斑块形状较规则,其中林地景观斑块形状更复杂,属研究区内优势植被类型。（4）研究区内绿地景观同非绿地景观类型间转化明显,表明其受到较强烈的干扰。其中在海拔200 m以下、坡度6＆#176;下城市绿地受到干扰最强烈。北碚区和沙坪坝区内绿地景观年变化速率最高。（5）自然灾害（火灾和酸雨）和人为经济、社会活动（包括植被经营和管理、旅游开发和其他人为干扰活动等）是研究时段内绿地景观格局变化主要驱动因素。     

徐州市道路绿地植物滞尘能力的分析与比较

在对徐州市道路绿地植物进行普查的基础上,选择出现频率高的21种植物,对其滞尘能力进行了分析和比较。根据分析比较结果,以提高道路绿地滞尘能力为目标,对徐州市道路绿地植物选择及配置提出了意见和建议。     

空间中的情感--中国古典园林的第五维度

长期以来,人们惯用四维概念来认识空间,但是一个实体空间有时不只具有四维,还有不同感觉上的变量。尤其是华夏文明几千年的发展,在传统建筑发展过程中,中国人形成了独特的建筑审美观,因善于组织并乐于感知空间,而产生了丰富的情感体验,这样便形成了空间的第五维度--情感。文章试对中国古典园林中情感体验的组织进行分析,探述园林空间的第五维度。     

广州珠江公园植物景观空间分析

文章对整个公园植物空间布局情况以及公园内园林植物所形成的开敞空间、半开敞空间、覆盖空间和垂直空间4种景观空间的造景特点、植物构成进行分析。尝试摆脱以园林植物为审美主体的静态观赏模式,提出园林植物应从装饰性的栽植配角转变为景观空间营造的主角,即营造舒适自然环境和游憩境域,才能达到园林营建的真正目的。     

浅析临时绿地绿化建设项目在西宁地区城区绿化中的可行性

介绍了临时绿地建设的概念,西宁市建成区实施临时绿地建设的重要意义。通过阐述西宁市临时绿地建设项目中采取的设计理念与技术措施及开展临时绿地建设项目后取得的成绩,提出了临时绿地建设项目在西宁地区建成区绿化中可行性。     

不同种植年限黑土型保护地土壤有机质分组研究

文章对不同种植年限的蔬菜保护地0~60 cm土层土壤有机质各组分进行研究,对比分析黑土型保护地有机质含量、活性有机质、缓性有机质和惰性有机质含量。结果表明,哈尔滨市蔬菜保护地土壤有机质总体上处于不稳定状态,其中活性有机质、惰性有机质和缓性有机质在0~20 cm土层积累较多,随土层深度的增加各形态有机质的含量逐渐降低;在各个层次土壤中各形态有机质随着种植年限增加呈现阶段性变化,在一时间段内受施肥种类、用量、种植方式的影响表现出随着年份增加而先增加后减少趋势,一定年限后有机质含量有减少趋势,种植多年后含量会低于大田土壤;蔬菜保护地土壤有机质的积累以缓性有机质的含量最多,其次为惰性有机质,活性有机质最少,其中活性有机质与有机质的变化趋势基本一致。     

Estradiol-17β-induced calcium uptake and resorption in juvenile rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss

Juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were injected with estradiol-17β (E₂) in order to study the source of extra calcium needed during vitellogenesis. E₂-treatment increased the calcium uptake from the external medium as well as calcium mobilization from muscle and scale. Judged by the increase in plasma protein-bound calcium levels, the E₂-induced increase in calcium uptake is an apparent over-mobilization of calcium, i.e., the calcium uptake of the fish is in excess of what is found bound to plasma proteins. As the calcium excretion and calcium space (calculated from free plasma calcium levels) were unaffected, the excess calcium is suggested to be incorporated into internal calcium stores. This implies that the systems regulating vitellogenesis and calcium balance are integrated on the mechanistic or endocrine level, and that E₂ causes calcium mobilization of a magnitude geared to the needs of the sexually maturing female.