耦合MOP-FLUS模型的滇中城市群“三生”空间格局优化

生产空间、生活空间、生态空间之间联系紧密,决定国土空间的最高演化目标,为了协调区域经济社会的发展,通过构建符合城市群发展实际的“三生”空间分类体系划定国土空间; 基于目标条件与情景设定,通过MOP模型实现“三生”空间综合效益最大化; 利用FLUS模型优化“三生”空间布局,并采用景观格局指数对其优化结果进行了分析评价。结果表明:优先满足生产和生活空间发展情景的生态效益最低,城镇化进程加快的同时生态空间发展受到抑制,生态环境脆弱; 优先满足生态空间发展情景的经济效益最低,生态环境虽然得到良好保护,但同时生产与生活空间面积占比较小,分布破碎,不利于区域经济发展; “三生”空间均衡协调发展情景的经济效益提高4.46%,生态效益提高1.87%,空间布局均衡统一。因此该情景能够合理平衡生态建设与经济发展,在丰富生态过程和格局结构上具有优越性,可为滇中城市群国土空间资源配置、“三生”空间优化等决策提供一定的参考和借鉴。     

陇中旱作区马铃薯品种筛选试验初报

为筛选出适宜陇中旱作区种植的优质马铃薯品种,解决当地马铃薯生产中存在的品种老化、抗病性弱、产量低、品质差等问题。以当地主栽马铃薯品种陇薯6号为对照,对引进的7个马铃薯品种进行了品种筛选试验。结果表明,宁薯19号、 陇薯11号折合产量较高,分别为39 245、37 350 kg/hm2,分别较对照品种陇薯6号增产15.87%、10.27%。综合分析认为,宁薯19号、陇薯11号较对照品种陇薯6号增产幅度大,综合农艺性状好,可在陇中旱作区及类似生态区种植。     

Hydrolytic Enzyme Inhibitors and Necrotic Reactions in Potato Leaves Reduce Reproductive Success of Colorado Potato Beetle

In field and laboratory conditions the reproductive potential （survival at different stages of development） of the Colorado potato beetle has been measured, the dependence of the parameters of insects fertility on varietal features of the feed has been investigated, the food activity of the representatives of insects from four areas of the Southern Urals has been measured, the intensity and time of hypersensitivity reactions on potato leaves has been defined. In laboratory experiments, the level of activity of hydrolytic enzymes in insects and the level of activity of these enzymes inhibitors in the leaves of three potato varieties differing in their resistance to the Colorado potato beetle have been determined. The results show that the insects-representatives of different samples have different food activity in relation to different potato varieties. High mortality rates were revealed at feeding with leaves of potato of the Bashkir variety characterized by a high level of hydrolases inhibitors and relatively rapid development of necrotic reactions after the appearance of eggs laying on the leaves. We suppose that the neerogenetic barrier appearing in the form of necrosis is the major cause of the fetal mortality of insects. The level of the content of inhibitors inactivating larvae digestive enzymes affects the survival of insects at postembryonic stages. The speed of the necrosis emergence, the level of activity of digestive enzymes inhibitors in potato can be considered as criteria for the selection of breeding material for resistance to the Colorado potato beetle.     

西北高寒民族地区农牧村城镇化发展研究——以甘南藏族自治州为例

甘南州是青藏高原"中华水塔"的重要涵养地。其农牧村城镇化条件、城镇化功能、城镇化动力都具有区域特殊性。实施中心城镇优先发展战略,对化解甘南州城镇化弱质与建设资金短缺的区情,协调甘南州生态环境保育与区域发展,降低进城农牧民的转移成本和分享现代文明生活等方面具有重要的作用;中心城镇的发展,为甘南州招商引资,吸纳、存留人才创造良好条件。最后从确定合理的城镇规模、增强中心城镇基础设施和服务设施的供给能力、壮大城镇产业、注重城镇特色化建设、加强中心城镇生态环境保护等5个方面,提出了中心城镇发展的路径。     

官司河流域7种林分枯落物及土壤层水文效应1）

为定量评估森林水源涵养能力,结合野外采样和浸水试验对官司河流域7种林分枯落物及土壤层水文效应进行比较。结果表明：林分枯落物蓄积量范围为4．49～13．19 t· hm－2,其中马尾松纯林最大,麻栎纯林最小;各林分枯落物最大持水深和有效拦蓄量均表现为未分解层大于半分解层,且纯竹林最大,分别为2．87 mm和9．77 t· hm－2。枯落物层持水量和吸水速率与浸水时间均显著。各林分0～30 cm土壤总孔隙度变化范围为37．1％～54．3％,竹林和松栎混交林的表层土壤有效持水量最大,分别为256．52、44．5 t· hm－2。纯竹林、松栎混交林持水效果较好,可作为水源涵养林得以推广。     

新形势下中国农业农村信息化发展的挑战与前景

结合2014年中央一号文件,分析了中国农业农村信息化建设面临的重要挑战,剖析了可持续发展、粮食安全、农业生产经营模式、城乡一体化、乡村治理等重点问题,指出未来中国农业农村信息化的研究和工作重点,并在此基础上提出未来加快中国农业农村信息化建设的对策。     

黄海中部小黄鱼摄食习性的体长变化与昼夜变化

根据2001年3月至2002年1月在黄海中部海域进行的4个季节的定点底拖网调查,应用聚类分析、单因素方差分析和列联表检验等方法,对小黄鱼(PseudosciaenapolyactisBleeker)摄食的体长和昼夜变化进行研究。结果表明:摄食强度没有明显的体长变化,而食物组成却有明显的体长变化。随着体长的增大,鱼类和虾类的比例有所增加,而磷虾类、桡足类和端足类的比例则减少。饵料生境宽度在体长大于109mm后有明显的增加。经检验,小黄鱼平均每个胃中含有的饵料个数显著减少而饵料重量则增加,这符合"最佳摄食理论"。聚类分析的结果表明,小黄鱼在体长达到109mm时,出现了明显的食物转换现象。小黄鱼的摄食强度在各个季节都有明显的昼夜变化,午夜24:00和早晨08:00是2个摄食高峰期。     

Diving behavior of immature, feeding Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus orientalis) in relation to season and area: the East China Sea and the Kuroshio–Oyashio transition region

Twenty‐four archival tags were recovered from Pacific bluefin tuna previously released off Tsushima Island in the East China Sea. By analysis of the time‐series data of the pressure and the ambient and internal temperature from the 24 tags, we examined the relationship between the tuna's pattern of diving and the thermocline depth. In the East China Sea, diving and feeding events occurred throughout almost the entire day in both winter and summer, suggesting that the purpose of diving is for feeding. In summer, the feeding frequency was greater than that in winter, which corresponds to the fact that growth is more rapid in summer than in winter. During summer in the Kuroshio–Oyashio transition region, on the other hand, feeding events were much more frequent than those in the East China Sea, in spite of a lower diving frequency. The mean horizontal distance traveled was also significantly higher and it seems that in this area they may move horizontally to feed on prey accumulated at the surface. We conclude that, in addition to the ambient temperature structure, the vertical and horizontal distribution of prey species plays an important role in the feeding behavior of Pacific bluefin tuna. One bluefin tuna migrated to the Oyashio frontal area, where both the horizontal and the vertical thermal gradients are much steeper. The fish spent most of the time on the warmer side of the front and often traveled horizontally to the colder side during the day, perhaps to feed. This implies that there is a thermal barrier effect, in this case from the Oyashio front, on their behavior. The frequency of feeding events was low, although all the monitored fish dived every dawn and dusk, irrespective of the seasons or location. It is possible that these twice‐daily diving patterns occurred in response to the change in ambient light at sunrise and sunset.     

Genetic differentiation among Atlantic island populations of the brown spiny lobster Panulirus echinatus (Decapoda: Palinuridae)

1. Declines in Panulirus echinatus Smith, 1869 populations along their wide distribution in the Atlantic Ocean have spurred efforts to improve their fisheries management and conservation. In this study, the genetic structure of these populations is reported for the first time.
2. In a survey of 18 species‐specific polymorphic microsatellite markers, 152 individuals were genotyped from five Atlantic oceanic islands, covering most of the insular distribution range of the species. The analyses revealed that P. echinatus is genetically partitioned into two stocks in the Atlantic Ocean. A highly significant genetic structure was observed between north‐east and south‐west Atlantic populations based on fixation index, discriminant analysis of principal components, and structure and barrier analysis.
3. We suggest that the Equatorial Circulation System represents a biophysical barrier that effectively limits migration among Atlantic subtropical gyre systems, as has been described for other species. Other physical and ecological barriers, such as the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge itself, the distance between the eastern and western sides of the Atlantic (Mid‐Atlantic Barrier) and water mass differences, as well as other biological aspects, may also influence larval dispersal and modulate the insular distribution of this species.
4. The results show the existence of two distinct genetic stocks of P. echinatus and have implications for fisheries management in the Atlantic Ocean, including their independent management according to their individual status. The Cabo Verde and the Canarian populations (north‐east Atlantic) showed the lowest level of genetic variability in comparison with the south‐western populations. A combination of factors that have occurred or are occurring in the Canary Islands, such as overfishing and volcanic eruptions, is likely to explain the reduced abundance of this lobster species in the area.

     

供水系统中远程测控站自动控制系统的集成设计

结合工程实践,对供水系统中远程测控站的自动控制系统进行设计,包括采集信号的设计、系统硬件的配置、PLC软件设计和抗干扰设计等。设计的系统具有较高的自动化水平,运行三年多来安全可靠,应用效果显著,适合在供水、供电、供气、气象、水文水利等行业推广与应用。