苹果轮纹病菌与干腐病菌的研究

从不同品种、不同地点的苹果树上的轮纹斑、干腐斑及病枯枝取样,观察到苹果轮纹病菌与苹果干腐病菌的有性阶段的形态特征容易区分,无性阶段在形态特征上不易区分。经人工接种,两种病原菌在果实上引起的症状相同。经测定,两菌的生物学特性及酯酶同工酶有差异,两菌的菌丝能融合。     

Effect of growth on wood properties for Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi): Differences of annual ring structure between corewood and outerwood

To investigate the relations between growth and the wood properties of Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi), six sample trees of varied ages and radial growth were felled and the ring width, ring density, percentage of latewood, and some other factors were determined. There were significant differences in ring density and percentage of latewood between sample trees with vigorous growth and those with poor growth. In corewood the ring density decreased with increasing ring width for all sample trees, whereas in outerwood this trend did not appear. Moreover, the latewood width increased with the increment of ring width only in outerwood, whereas there was almost no change in the corewood. The variation in patterns of ring width, ring density, and percentage of latewood in the radial direction and the relation with height was also studied.Part of this report was presented at the 47th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kochi, April 1997     

油松年轮生长与秦岭北坡气候的初步研究

利用树木年轮气候学方法,根据油松直径生长与气候因子的关系,计算了过去１０９ａ（１８８６～１９９４年）秦岭北坡夏季的平均气温及降水量。夏季平均气温和降水量的平均偏差分别为０．２６℃和４０．２ｍｍ,平均偏差百分率为１．５％和１０．８％,平均相对误差分别为０．４％和７．０％,重建效果较好。同时还建立了油松年轮指数与夏季平均气温和降水量双因素气候生长模型,复相关系数为０．９２,平均相对误差为３．３％     

Potential application of baited remote underwater video to survey abundance of west coast rock lobster Jasus lalandii

The first assessment of the baited remote underwater video system (BRUVs) for monitoring rock lobster Jasus lalandii (Milne‐Edwards) in South Africa was compared to annual ring net and trap survey data. Count data from 58 BRUVs, 36 ring net and 95 trap samples were fitted with generalised additive models using depth, habitat, time and spatial gradient as independent variables. A power analysis was used to determine the number of samples needed per annum to detect a 5 and 10% increase and decrease in population size. The BRUVs outperformed the nets and traps in terms of sampling effort and were better at detecting changes in abundance of lobster than abundance of three fish species. Considering factors such as cost, analysis time, additional data and environmental impact, traps are the most feasible method in deeper waters but BRUVs could replace nets and traps in depths less than 60 m, low‐density areas and marine reserves.     

哈尔滨市三环路项目经济评价研究

本文按照宏观分析与微观分析相结合、定量分析与定性分析相结合的原则,采用财务评价、国民经济评价方法,从对哈尔滨的交通现状分析入手,对哈尔滨市三环路工程项目进行技术经济分析和评价。     

人工经济林木材性质研究

对重要人工经济林树种核桃、枣木、银杏、板栗、樟树和橡胶等木材解剖、物理力学、化学性质进行研究。结果表明 :核桃、银杏、樟树生长速度较快、材质好 ,是培育经济和用材两用林的优良树种 ,枣木和板栗材质好、生长慢 ,可以选择经济林果用为主、材用为辅的培育方式 ;核桃、橡胶、樟树和银杏的密度和力学强度较大 ,板栗和枣树木材的密度和力学强度很大 ;樟树、银杏和橡胶木材的纤维素含量与杨木接近 ,木质素含量界于杨木和马尾松之间 ,且纤维形态特征符合造纸用材的要求 ,树干和加工剩余物可以用于造纸 ;人工经济林枣木基本密度、核桃木材纤维长度可以通过生长轮年龄来预测 ,且预测效果显著。     

水轮机应用蜂窝密封的吸水和减振模拟试验

为减少混流式水轮机止漏环中流体产生的自激振动,根据止漏环各种密封结构,简化并提出密封模型,并根据模型搭建了试验台.采取直接测量转轴振动的方法,对比了简化后的密封模型与蜂窝密封在调整转子偏心程度的情况下振动幅值、波形图和频谱图的差别,以及增加转子质量不平衡块后两种密封振动幅值的变化.结果表明,蜂窝密封比普通的迷宫密封更能够抑制由于偏心和不平衡引起的振动.在最小密封间隙的上下游安置吸水装置,对比其振动情况,上游吸水可有效地降低转子振动.     

泥东风螺线粒体基因组及其遗传多样性分析

为研究泥东风螺线粒体基因组遗传进化和遗传多样性,采用PCR扩增和直接测序技术,对泥东风螺线粒体基因组全序列及3个野生群体线粒体基因测序,并用生物软件进行分析。研究结果表明,泥东风螺线粒体基因组上的tRNA-Met、tRNA-Tyr、tRNA-Cys、tRNA-Trp、tRNA-GLn、tRNA-Gly、tRNA-Glu和tRNA-Thr位于环形线粒体L链上;18种腹足纲动物线粒体全长基因相似性为70.1%～92.9%,种间的12SRNA和16SRNA相似性与线粒体基因组全长相似性相当;12SRNA的391～491bp区域和16SRNA的1～106bp和361～481bp区域为高度变异区,而16SRNA的1191～1317bp区域为高度保守区;以F5引物扩增测序3个野生群体,共检测到由40个多态位点组成的26个单倍型,野生群体单倍型多样性为(0.406±0.112)～(0.532±0.113),野生群体核苷酸多样性为(0.00094±0.00124)～(0.00111±0.00123);北海野生群体与连江和长乐野生群体之间的遗距离分别为0.00094和0.00099。其结果可以为泥东风螺遗传进化、人工增殖和种质资源保护评估提供参考。     

气候因子对新疆雪岭云杉树轮最大晚材密度的影响

Isl＞2.5,1953～2008年)或连续2～3年干旱指数绝对值接近1.5σ时,水分条件将会对MXD产生影响.这一气候响应特征与研究区半干旱气候有关,在干早年份,水分匮缺会限制晚材细胞壁的加厚,从而影响MXD.因此,与相对湿润地区相比,半干旱地区树轮MXD对气温响应的同时也会受到极端降水状况的影响,作为气温代用指标需谨慎而有限度的使用.     

贵州石漠化地区地下漏失水土理化性质特征

以贵州石漠化地区的3个洞穴为研究对象,通过对其地表土与地下漏失水土进行监测与采样分析,研究了不同地质环境条件中地表土壤与洞穴漏失水土的理化性质特征。结果表明,地表石漠化程度越高,岩溶裂隙管道的联通性越强,地下漏失水的滴率变幅越大,漏失土中的粘粒含量越低;在相同岩性条件下,石漠化程度越高,地表土壤pH值与元素含量越高;石将军洞漏失水Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Sr~(2+)浓度平均值分别为31.48,17.65,0.026mg/L,韩家冲洞分别为58.39,2.49,0.074mg/L,荣发洞分别为38.29,25.33,0.037mg/L;受岩性差异影响,韩家冲洞漏失水中的Mg~(2+)浓度相对较低,Ca~(2+)、Sr~(2+)浓度相对较高;受气候条件差异影响,荣发洞洞漏失水中的Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Sr~(2+)浓度均高于石将军洞;洞穴漏失水对漏失土长期的化学侵蚀作用导致漏失土pH值与元素含量高于地表土。