Effect of Soil Sample Size on Saturated Soil Hydraulic Conductivity

Saturated hydraulic conductivity (K_sat) is regarded as a key soil physical variable to determine soil infiltration rate, percolation depth and other hydrological processes. The purpose of this study was to determine the best soil sampling’s ring size for measuring K_sat. For this purpose, 25 rings with five different diameters (2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 inch) and with the same depth of 20 cm (five replicates) were hammered in close vicinity to each other into the ground of undisturbed loess deposits of a small farm to measure K_sat and bulk density. Hydraulic conductivity was measured at three constant loads of 22, 27 and 32 cm. The results showed that the ring with the internal diameter of 6 inches had the minimum variation coefficient and maximum K_sat for all the three hydraulic heads. In addition, the bulk density of this ring size was less than the other rings.     

结构参数对增压器浮环轴承润滑特性和环速比的影响

基于以往对增压器的浮环轴承润滑分析中大都忽略浮环的环速比影响,或将润滑性能和环速比独立分析。该文采用数值分析方法研究了增压器浮环轴承的润滑特性和环速比,分析中考虑了转轴、浮环、轴承座之间的传热因素,基于Reynolds方程和浮环平衡方程,建立了浮环轴承润滑模型,对比分析了浮环内、外层间隙,内、外圆半径4个结构参数对浮环轴承润滑特性和环速比的影响。结果表明,实际设计浮环时,需综合考虑结构参数对浮环润滑特性和环速比的影响及影响程度;浮环内层间隙增加,环速比降低,与内层间隙0.02 mm时相比,转速60 000 r/min时,内层间隙0.04 mm时的环速比减幅达23%,内层间隙增加,内、外膜温度减小,摩擦功耗略有增加,内层间隙0.03 mm时,浮环具有较理想的润滑性能和环速比;外层间隙0.06 mm的环速比均比外层间隙0.04 mm的环速比增加30%以上,外层间隙增加,外膜温度减小,且转速越高,外膜温度减幅越大;浮环内圆半径越小,环速比越小,内、外膜温度和摩擦功耗越小,浮环润滑性能越好;浮环外圆半径增加,环速比降低,但内膜温度、外膜温度、总摩擦功耗和总端泄流量变化幅度均在5%以内,外圆半径对浮环润滑性能影响不显著;浮环实际设计时,调整内圆半径比调整外圆半径对改善浮环润滑性能更有效。     

基于动态阈值的树木年轮图像分割方法研究

根据树木年轮图像的特点,提出了一种基于直方图变化特征的椭圆分块和最大类间方差法的树木年轮图像自适应分割方法。并运用该方法对落叶松的年轮图像进行分割,结果表明,该方法对树木年轮图像的分割效果非常理想。     

滨海泥质盐碱地基盘造林法研究

盐碱地造林是世界性的难题。采用盐碱地基盘造林法——大穴客土基盘和种基盘造林法在盐碱地进行试验造林,并通过桑苗和种基盘树种的成活率和生长量,种基盘配方配比等对盐碱地基盘造林法进行了系统的研究。结果表明,相对于盐碱地常规造林方法,采用盐碱地基盘造林法下的桑苗的成活率高达98%,平均生长量提高了13.30 cm。种基盘树种的成活率提高52.27%,平均生长量提高9.70 cm;不同盐碱地基盘造林法对种基盘树种的成活率和生长量也影响较大,其中主要体现在种基盘配方中,复合肥的适量添加对植物的成活率和生长量均有显著影响。土壤防蚀剂的添加量对植物生长影响不大,但具有维持基盘形状的作用;在选用的耐盐树种中,国槐较其它耐盐树种更适宜滨海泥质盐碱地。     

Design and experimental validation of a novel double ring plate gear reducer

A novel double ring plate gear reducer (DRPGR) is designed and its experimental validation is conducted. By using the closed graph method, the modification coefficients of internal gearing in DRPGR are determined. Based on this, the overall structure of the reducer is designed and its kinematics simulation is achieved. With APDL programming language of ANSYS, a 3D finite element (FE) model of DRPGR is established, and its modal analysis and loaded tooth contact analysis (LTCA) are conducted respectively. The modal analysis reveals that the lower natural frequencies of DRPGR are much higher than the input frequency and the lower modes can be classified as vertical and horizontal bending of input and output shafts. The LTCA indicates that three pairs of gear teeth contact simultaneously at rated output torque. Due to the multi teeth contacts, the maximum stress is much lower than the permissible stress of internal gearings. The experimental tests of the prototype validate that DRPGR is adapted to both single driven and dual driven work condition. When single droved, DRPGR can eliminate the kinematic uncertainty by non 180 degree phase difference design. DRPGR claims a better dynamic performance in dual driven work condition. The efficiency of DRPGR increases with the increment of output torque and the reducer has an excellent short term overloaded capacity. The experimental results validate that the proposed method can be used to guide the design of that kind of reducer.     

环线公路建设对梵净山自然保护区生物多样性的影响评价

梵净山国家级自然保护区环线公路建设对生物多样性影响评价的内容及方法参照国家林业局推荐的云南省《自然保护区生物多样性影响评价技术规范(试行)》进行.评价内容包括对景观(生态系统)的影响、对生物群落(栖息地)的影响、对种群(物种)的影响、对主要保护对象的影响、对生物安全的影响、对相关利益群体的影响.评价结果,公路建设对保护区生物多样性影响指数(B I)为22.48,表明影响程度较小.针对减少公路建设带来的生态破坏提出了一些对策和建议.     

Clinical evaluation of the anaesthetic sparing effect of brachial plexus block in cats

ObjectiveTo evaluate the isoflurane sparing effect and the post-surgical analgesia provided by a brachial plexus block (BPB) in cats undergoing distal thoracic limb surgery.Study designProspective randomized blinded clinical study.AnimalsTwenty client-owned cats.MethodsCats were assigned to receive either no BPB (group NB) or a nerve stimulator guided BPB (group BPB) using lidocaine (3.6 mg kg^?1) and bupivacaine (1.2 mg kg^?1). Pre-medication consisted of midazolam and ketamine intravenously (IV). Anaesthesia was induced with propofol IV to effect and maintained with isoflurane delivered in oxygen and a continuous rate infusion of fentanyl (2 μg kg^?1 hour^?1). End-tidal isoflurane concentration (Fe′ISO) was adjusted every 3 minutes guided by changes in cardiorespiratory parameters and reflexes present, to maintain a stable depth of anaesthesia. Five time points were chosen to record all parameters and compare values between groups. Recovery and post-operative pain assessment were performed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) at 15 and 45 minutes after extubation and thereafter at hourly intervals until 5 hours after placement of the BPB.ResultsNo clinically significant differences were seen for heart rate, respiratory rate and non-invasive blood pressure between groups. Mean Fe′ISO was significantly lower in group BPB compared with group NB at all time points. In group NB, all intraoperative measurements of Fe′ISO were significantly higher compared with baseline (3 minutes before start of surgery) measurements. During recovery, VAS scores for group BPB were significantly lower than for group NB. Additional analgesics were needed in all cats within the study period.Conclusion and Clinical relevanceIn cats undergoing orthopaedic surgery of the thoracic limb, BPB reduced intra-operative isoflurane requirement and pain during the early post-operative period when compared with procedures without a BPB. BPB is a useful adjunct to anaesthesia in such cases.     

苹果高效节水技术模式探讨

为探讨不同灌溉方式对苹果园土壤含水率、生育期耗水量、产量及水分生产效率的影响,于2009年3-12月在北京市昌平区南邵镇营坊村昆利果品基地布设了环绕滴灌、穴贮肥水小管出流、覆膜沟灌3套高效灌溉施肥技术模式,以常规树盘灌溉作为对照。分别在苹果树萌芽期、花后期、幼果膨大期、成熟期和封冻前灌水施肥,依据不同灌溉方式的灌溉效率以及田间土壤实际含水率等因素确定适宜灌水量。结果表明:1)在3种灌溉方式处理中,环绕滴灌、覆膜沟灌0.00～180.00cm土层土壤含水率较高且相对比较稳定,树盘灌溉的土壤含水率变化幅度大。2)在整个生育期内,环绕滴灌、穴贮肥水小管出流、覆膜沟灌处理分别比树盘灌溉减少灌水量58.700%、50.100%和34.400%;果园耗水量较树盘灌溉分别减少33.500%、28.600%和19.600%。3)产量方面,环绕滴灌、穴贮肥水小管出流、覆膜沟灌产量分别比树盘灌溉高6.000%、5.300%和2.900%;环绕滴灌产量达到3034.7kg/667m2;其水分利用效率最高且达到9.6kg/m3。总体来看,环绕滴灌、穴贮肥水小管出流和覆膜沟灌是较好的节水技术模式方式,值得在果园灌溉中因地制宜的加以选择应用。     

吉林省烤烟小苗膜下移栽技术

试验研究了吉林省烤烟小苗膜下移栽技术,以探明其对烟苗生长的微环境和肥料利用率及早生快发的影响。通过对不同的移栽苗龄及大田移栽期所培育烤烟的农艺性状、肥料利用率、烤后化学成分及经济性状的分析比较,结果表明:小苗膜下移栽使苗穴内能够保持相对稳定的温度,为幼苗提供适宜的生长环境,优于常规移栽方法。烟株的各项农艺性状表现较好,对肥料的利用率显著高于对照,烤后经济性状提高,化学成分协调性改善。小苗膜下移栽技术最佳移栽苗龄为6叶龄,最佳移栽时期为4月26日至5月1日。     

背景互信息约束的SIFT特征匹配

在SIFT局部特征的基础上,扩大了SIFT局部特征描述子,构造了半全局信息的背景环,并将背景环的互信息引入到相似性计算.实验结果表明,该方法与SIFT影像匹配算法相比,有效地提高了匹配的正确率,且对旋转图像的特等匹配具有一定鲁棒性;与全局配准算法相比较,提高了一倍以上的计算效率.