全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3072篇 |
免费 | 176篇 |
国内免费 | 328篇 |
专业分类
林业 | 488篇 |
农学 | 180篇 |
基础科学 | 219篇 |
1007篇 | |
综合类 | 976篇 |
农作物 | 131篇 |
水产渔业 | 24篇 |
畜牧兽医 | 136篇 |
园艺 | 148篇 |
植物保护 | 267篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 16篇 |
2023年 | 90篇 |
2022年 | 122篇 |
2021年 | 120篇 |
2020年 | 145篇 |
2019年 | 137篇 |
2018年 | 104篇 |
2017年 | 148篇 |
2016年 | 152篇 |
2015年 | 124篇 |
2014年 | 149篇 |
2013年 | 203篇 |
2012年 | 229篇 |
2011年 | 231篇 |
2010年 | 186篇 |
2009年 | 194篇 |
2008年 | 179篇 |
2007年 | 183篇 |
2006年 | 164篇 |
2005年 | 123篇 |
2004年 | 84篇 |
2003年 | 80篇 |
2002年 | 59篇 |
2001年 | 50篇 |
2000年 | 44篇 |
1999年 | 32篇 |
1998年 | 25篇 |
1997年 | 34篇 |
1996年 | 30篇 |
1995年 | 17篇 |
1994年 | 25篇 |
1993年 | 22篇 |
1992年 | 19篇 |
1991年 | 13篇 |
1990年 | 13篇 |
1989年 | 10篇 |
1988年 | 10篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1962年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有3576条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
81.
Logging pattern and landscape changes over the last century at the boreal and deciduous forest transition in Eastern Canada 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Forestry practices associated with the industrial era (since ~1900) have altered the natural disturbance regimes and greatly
impacted the world’s forests. We quantified twentieth century logging patterns and regional scale consequences in three sub-boreal
forest landscapes of Eastern Canada (117,000, 49,400 and 92,300 ha), comparing forestry maps depicting age and forest cover
types for early industrial (1930) and present-day (2000) conditions. Results were similar for the three landscapes, indicating
large-scale forest change during the twentieth century. In 1930, previous logging activities had been concentrated in the
lowlands and along the main hydrographical network, as compared to a more even distribution over the landscapes in 2000, reflecting
a decreasing influence of the environmental constraints on forest harvesting. In 1930, old-aged forests (>100 years) accounted
for more than 75% of the unlogged areas of the three landscapes, as compared to less than 15% for the present-day conditions.
Logging practices have thus inverted the stand age distribution of the landscapes that are currently dominated by young and
regenerating stands. The 1930 forest cover types showed a clear relationship with elevation, with conifers located in the
lowlands and mixed and deciduous stands restricted to the upper slopes. Between 1930 and 2000, 58–64% of the conifer areas
transformed to mixed and deciduous forests, such that no clear altitudinal relationships remained in 2000. We conclude that
twentieth century logging practices have strongly altered the preindustrial vegetation patterns in our study area, to the
point that ecosystem-based management strategies should be developed to restore conifer dominance, altitudinal gradients,
as well as the irregular structure inspired from old forest stands. 相似文献
82.
83.
《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2017,28(4):1363-1375
Overgrazing contributes to rangeland degradation altering plant community composition, erosion and biodiversity. Little unanimity in the literature exists on the effects of livestock grazing on soil carbon and biodiversity, in part, due to uncontrolled grazing pressure from native and feral animals. Paired paddock contrasts at three, long‐term (>8 years) study locations in the southern Australian rangelands were used to examine the effects of managing grazing intensity through the use of exclusion fencing and rotational grazing on soil organic carbon (SOC), soil nitrogen (TN), ground cover and biodiversity (flora and invertebrates). Grazing management had no effect on SOC or TN on grey soils (Vertisols), but for red soils (Lixisols), significantly higher levels of SOC were found for both the 0 to 5 and 5 to 10‐cm soil depths (0·3% and 0·27% respectively) and associated with increased TN. We found strong and consistent relationships among SOC and higher perennial (p < 0·001), higher litter (p < 0·05) cover and close proximity to trees (p < 0·05). Managing grazing intensity resulted in significantly higher perennial ground cover (p < 0·001) on Vertisols (8·9 to 11%) and Lixisols (12·5 to 15%) and higher plant diversity (both native and exotic) but negatively impacted invertebrate diversity, indicating trade‐offs between production and resources. We provide evidence that the effects of grazing management on SOC are mediated by ground cover and increased organic matter supply and/or reduced soil carbon redistribution (erosion), which indicates that the management of grazing intensity may provide a tool to avoid soil carbon loss in rangelands. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
84.
林冠干扰后,林窗内因小环境的改变使得植被作出相应的反应。1999年对天山云杉林林窗内和林内的植被进行的调查结果表明:在本研究范围内的天山云杉林中,经过林冠干扰后,植被受一定的影响。林冠空隙内丰富度指数均大于林内;36.7%的林冠空隙内个体生态优势度小于林内;76.7%的林内的均匀度指数大于林冠空隙内;66.7%的林冠空隙Shannon个体多样性指数大于林内。林冠干扰前后,各环境因子和植物多样性之间有一定的相关关系。影响林冠空隙内各多样性指数的因子包括海拔、有效N、有机质、全K、全P和总盐,有效N、有机质、全K、全P和总盐对均匀度指数有显著性影响;而影响林内各多样性指数的因子包括坡向、坡位、坡度、光照强度、有效N、全K、全P和总盐,但仅有坡向、坡度、光照强度对生态优势度指数有显著性影响。 相似文献
85.
86.
红树植物地面反射光谱特征研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
结合使用野外便携式光谱仪对九龙江口红树林保护区白骨壤、秋茄、桐花树3种红树植物的叶冠表观光谱的测量结果,系统分析比较了红树植物叶冠反射光谱特征及其差异;并在一个潮间带底质遥感信息处理平台上对研究地点进行基于表观光谱特征的白骨壤和秋茄的SPOT卫星遥感图像分类;最后讨论了红树光谱研究中存在的问题。 相似文献
87.
88.
We evaluated the protective effects of floor cover against soil erosion in three types of forest located on steep slopes
under a humid climate: 22- and 34-year-old Chamaecyparis obtusa (hinoki), 34-year-old Cryptomeria japonica (sugi), and 62-year-old Pinus densiflora (red pine) stands. We measured sediment transport rates (sediment mass passing through one meter of contour width per millimeter
of rainfall), using sediment traps, before and after removing floor cover. Raindrop splash erosion was dominant in the experimental
stands. Floor cover percentage (FCP) during the preremoval stage varied from 50% to 100% among the four stands, and sediment
transport rates ranged from 0.0079 to 1.7 g m−1 mm−1. The rates increased to 1.5–5.6 g m−1 mm−1 immediately after removing floor cover, and remained high throughout the experiment. The presence of physical cover near
the ground has a crucial effect on sediment transport on forested slopes. The protective effect ratio (the ratio of the sediment
transport rate in a control plot to that in the removal plot) in a young hinoki stand, in which the FCP decreased markedly,
was 0.3 at most, which is close to the rate for bare ground. The protective effect ratio in the red pine stand was ≤0.003.
We concluded that the protective effect of floor cover in undisturbed forests in Japan differs by over two orders of magnitude,
based on comparisons with previous studies.
Received: March 11, 2002 / Accepted: August 16, 2002
Present address: Department of Forest Site Environment, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Ibaraki 305-8687 Japan Tel. +81-298-73-3211;
Fax +81-298-74-3720 e-mail: miura@affrc.go.jp
Present address: Department of Forest Site Environment, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Ibaraki 305-8687 Japan Tel. +81-298-73-3211;
Fax +81-298-74-3720 e-mail: miura@affrc.go.jp
Acknowledgments This study was supported by the Research Council of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, of Japan. We thank
H. Ujihara, S. Ujihara, and M. Ogasawara in Otoyo, Kochi, who provided the experimental stands used in this study. We also
thank K. Hirai, S. Kuramoto, E. Kodani, and the rest of the staff at the Shikoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products
Research Institute, for their help in conducting the experiments.
Correspondence to:S. Miura 相似文献
89.
XIEFu-ju XIAODu-ning LIXiu-zhen WANGXu-gao SHIBao-dong 《林业研究》2005,16(2):125-131
The restoration of forest landscape has drawn much attention since the catastrophic fire took place on the northern slope of Great Xing‘an Mountains in 1987. Forest canopy density, which has close relation to forest productivity, was selected as a key factor to find how much the forest quality was changed 13 years after fire, and how fire severity, regeneration way and terrain factors influenced the restoration of forest canopy density, based on forest inventory data in China, and using Kendall Bivariate Correlation Analysis, and Distances Correlation Analysis. The results showed that fire severity which was inversely correlated with forest canopy density grade was an initial factor among all that selected. Regeneration way which did not remarkably affect forest canopy density restoration in short period, may shorten the cycle of forest succession and promote the forest productivity of conophorium in the future, Among the three terrain factors, the effect of slope was the strongest, the position on slope was the second and the aspect was the last. 相似文献
90.