土壤容重对生姜生长及产量和品质的影响

以莱芜大姜为试材,研究了容重分别为1.49(CK)、1.36(T1)、1.20(T2)g·cm-3的3种土壤对生姜生长及产量、品质的影响。结果表明,容重较小的土壤,其孔隙度较大,最大持水量较高,有利于生姜植株的生长和产量的提高。生长末期T2的株高、茎粗、分枝数和叶片数分别比CK增加17.9%、14.0%、35.2%和36.1%,单株根、茎、叶、根茎鲜质量分别比CK提高43.3%、24.4%、28.1%和35.2%,收获时CK、T1、T2的产量分别为2534.1、3017.7和3326.8kg·(667m2)-1,处理间差异极显著。此外,生姜根茎干物质、淀粉及挥发油含量随土壤容重降低而降低,而蛋白质、游离氨基酸则相反,粗纤维、可溶性糖及VC含量则基本不受土壤容重的影响。     

Evaluation of a Bacillus stearothermophilus tube test as a screening tool for anticoccidial residues in poultry

A Bacillus stearothermophilus var. calidolactis C953 tube test was evaluated for its ability in detecting the residue of selected anticoccidial drugs in poultry, specically sulfamethazine, furazolidone, and amprolium. Various concentrations of each drug were injected into chicken liver and kidney tissues and these tissues were tested to determine the drug detection limits for each drug. The detection limit was defined as the drug concentration at which 95% of the test results were interpreted as positive. The limits of detection in liver tissue were 0.35 µg/ml for furazolidone, 0.70 µg/ml for sulfamethazine and 7.80 µg/ml for amprolium. In kidney tissues, they were 0.30 µg/ml for furazolidone, 0.54 µg/ml for sulfamethazine, and 7.6 µg/ml for amprolium. It was concluded that this tube test could be used to screen for the residue of these three drugs in poultry.     

Isolation,Characterization, and Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Pattern of Escherichia coli Isolated from Japanese Quail and their Environment

Escherichia coli isolates were cultured from diseased Japanese quail and their environment. Of 31 E. coli isolates, 11 were cultured from heart blood of dead Japanese quail and 20 were from dead-in-shell embryos, fluff samples, and footbath and drinking water samples. All E. coli isolates were moderately positive on the Congo red binder test and 14 out of 31 isolates produced hemolysis on sheep blood agar. Twenty-seven isolates were grouped under serogroups O₄, O₉, O₃₈, O₄₂, and O₈₈, whereas 4 isolates could not be typed. Of the E. coli isolates cultured from Japanese quail infected with colibacillosis, 54.5% belonged to serogroup O₉ and the same serotype was predominant in the hatchery environment. All the E. coli isolates showed high resistance to multiple drugs with 100% resistance observed against ampicillin/cloxacillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and cotrimoxazole. The highest sensitivity was observed against nitrofurantoin. This study shows that hatchery hygiene should be improved to control colibacillosis and reduce production losses. At the same time, indiscriminate use of antibiotics should be avoided as it increases the risk of development of drug-resistant strains of bacteria.     

细菌耐药颉颃剂的研究现状及应用

作者介绍了具有颉颃细菌耐药性作用的物质的研究应用进展情况，包括灭活酶抑制剂、药物渗透促进剂、外输泵抑制剂、细菌生物被膜抑制剂、抗菌药物增强剂、耐药质粒消除剂等。     

干法膨化宠物饲料技术参数关系的研究

采用双螺杆膨化机干法工艺对宠物全价粉状饲料进行膨化并制粒,研究所得产品的容重与淀粉糊化度、硬度指标之间的关系,以及设备参数和配方特性对颗粒饲料容重的影响。结果表明:容重与淀粉糊化度、硬度密切相关;设备参数与配方特性均对产品容重有极显著影响;通过容重的测定估测其熟度和硬度具有可行性;可以通过调节喂料速度和膨化玉米比例控制产品容重。     

33株临床分离菌的药敏试验分析

收集标准菌株2株和临床分离菌株共33株,采用NCCLS推荐的微量稀释法测定6种抗生素对33株病原菌的最低抑菌浓度.33株临床分离菌株对临床上常用的6种抗生素的平均敏感率为27.7%,平均耐药率为64.8%.对金黄色葡萄球菌抗茵作用最强的是氯霉素,敏感率为82.6%,MIC50为2 mg/L,MIC90为64 mg/L;耐药性最强的是青霉素,耐药率达100%.肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药性较为严重,平均耐药率高达80%,抗茵作用最强的为新霉素,但其敏感率仅为40%.33株临床分离菌株的耐药性较为严重,存在交叉耐药性和多重耐药性现象.     

齐齐哈尔市猪水肿病病原的分离鉴定及药敏试验

对齐齐哈尔市10个市县猪场送检的30份疑似仔猪水肿病病料进行了实验室检测.经过分离培养、形态学检查、生化鉴定、致病性试验,分离到致病性大肠埃希菌27株.应用微量平板凝集试验,对分离的致病菌进行血清型鉴定.结果表明,以O138、O139、O9血清型最多,共22株,占分离致病菌的81%.药敏试验结果显示,同一猪场不同血清型组的药物敏感性无显著差异,不同猪场相同血清型组和不同猪场不同血清型组的药物敏感性除丁胺卡那外,各组间均不相同.     

湖南省猪链球菌的分离鉴定与药敏试验

对来自湖南省不同地区的疑似猪链球菌病病料进行分离鉴定,并对鉴定出来的猪链球菌进行生化试验和药敏试验.结果表明,生化试验除乳糖、甘露醇、山梨醇外,其他差异不大;药敏试验中菌株之间差异较大,大部分菌株呈多重耐药性,其中对磺胺甲噁唑的耐药率达100%,四环素的耐药率为100%～92.3%,对大环内酯类的耐药率为84.6%～69.2%,氨基糖苷类为69.2%～46.2%,头孢菌素类为69.2%～30.8%,对青霉素类药物的耐药率最低,除阿莫西林较高敏感(84.6%)外,多为中度敏感,对其他药物的敏感率均低于50%.说明湖南省猪链球菌耐药率普遍较高,养殖场应予以高度重视.     

猪传染性胃肠炎药物治疗研究进展

猪传染性胃肠炎对养猪业的危害很大,对于该病除采用疫苗预防之外,进行临床上的药物防控也不容忽视,因为目前疫苗预防方面也存在着一定的问题.临床上对猪传染性胃肠炎的治疗有较多的报道,有中药复方制剂治疗方面的尝试,也有根据临床腹泻症状进行西药治疗,还有中西药相结合进行治疗.这对于临床防控猪传染性胃肠炎不仅提出了许多可以借鉴的方法,也为临床防治猪传染性胃肠炎提供了思路.     

“养蚕欢二号”对家蚕病原体的消毒效果

蚕用消毒药“养蚕欢二号”是“养蚕欢”液荆的换代产品,由次氯酸盐等多种有效成分蛆成的复合消毒粉剂.用“养蚕欢二号”0.2%~0．5%的水剂或粉剂消毒蚕宣,蚕具或蚕体、蚕座,对家蚕病毒病、真菌病,微粒子病、猝倒病等防治效果迭93.3%~100%.养蚕欢二号按规定剂量使用对家蚕的发育及体质无影响.