大蒜气生鳞茎的快速繁殖作用研究

报道了云顶早、二水早、成蒜早2号和成蒜早3号等4个早薹蒜品种产生气生鳞茎(天蒜)的特性,不同品种间产生天蒜的数量有差异,为27～36粒/株,天蒜的质量与留薹植株的茎粗呈极显著的线性关系,留天蒜不影响地下蒜头的分瓣,与划茎式采薹对照比较,留天蒜植株的地蒜单头质量增加30%。天蒜合理的播种密度为147万粒/hm2,留一季天蒜的增殖系数是常规蒜种的增殖系数的3.7倍,连续留2季,则增长到11倍。     

Effects of wide spacing and thinning strategies on wood quality in Norway spruce (Picea abies) stands in southern Sweden

Abstract

The initial density of a stand influences both the prethinning growth and the quality of the harvested trees. This study investigated the effects of different square spacings (2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 m) with thinning from above and thinning from below on stand development and tree characteristics in a 33-year-old Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] plantation in southern Sweden. Before thinning the total standing volume was not significantly different between treatments. Diameter at breast height (dbh) and diameter of the thickest branch were positively correlated. Before thinning, dbh of the trees and their thickest branches were significantly higher in the stands with 3.0 m spacing. After thinning, the dbh and the diameter of the thickest branch did not significantly differ between the 3.0 m spacing with thinning from above and 2.0 and 2.5 m spacing with thinning from below. Spacing did not significantly influence the presence or size of spike knots. The results suggest that a combination of wide spacing with thinning from above may yield timber of similar quality to denser spacing with thinning from below.     

低糖整果草莓果酱颜色稳定性的研究

草莓中的酚类物质、花青素及所含少量的金属离子,是引起草莓酱颜色不稳定的主要因素。通过采用70℃水温下对草莓进行30 s的烫漂,钝化其中酚酶活性,以及用质量分数0.025%的护色剂A络合金属离子等方法,确定出使低糖整果草莓果酱颜色稳定的最佳工艺。     

一类自由边界问题之正则性和不存在性

本文应用De Giorgi和O.A.Ladyzenskaya等研究方程的方法来直接讨论所谓的含超线性增长项的非线性椭回型变分不等式(1),得到了其解的有界性,H lder连续性和W~(2,s)正则性,并建立了一类半线性椭圆型障碍问题的Pohozaev型恒等式,进而得到其解之不存在性的有关结果.     

Controls for trout and char migratory/resident behaviour mainly in stream systems above and below waterfalls/barriers: a multidecadal and broad geographical review

Northcote TG. Controls for trout and char migratory/resident behaviour mainly in stream systems above and below waterfalls/barriers: a multidecadal and broad geographical review. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 487–509. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract – Controls for trout and char migratory and resident behaviour in rivers and streams for above and below natural and man‐made waterfalls/barriers are covered in a multi‐decadal (1950–2000) and wide geographical review (North America, UK, Europe, Japan) that includes reference to over 380 publications. These note 53 for rainbow trout, 61 for cutthroat trout, 104 for brown trout, 47 for bull trout, 41 for brook trout, 35 for Dolly Varden and 42 for white‐spotted char, plus a few general contributions of relevance on some. For each of these species, there has been a major increase in relevant decadal publications since the early 1980s, no doubt in large part because of the upsurge in micro‐genetic methodology for DNA and related technology, coupled with a broadening of interest in stream migratory behaviour of salmonids. Main mechanisms for the control of stream migratory versus resident behaviour appear to cover an interplay among both genetic and environmental factors; in some populations and locations, genetic controls seem to be more important than environmental ones, but in others the reverse. Habitat degradation by various human activities and their introductions of non‐native fish species are becoming causes of reduction in abundance of above and below waterfall stream populations for several of these salmonid species.     

不同玉米品种吐丝后茎秆穗下各节间性状变化特征

为探究不同玉米品种茎秆穗下各节间性状随节位和生育进程的变化规律，2018—2019年，以‘京农科728’(机械粒收品种)、‘郑单958’(普通品种)和‘先玉335’(普通品种)为材料，分析从玉米吐丝至生理成熟后4周各节间形态、干物质含量、含水率和髓变白面积占比等指标。结果表明：随着节位上升，节间长呈“先增大后减小”的趋势，一般第6或第7节间最长；横截面积逐渐减小；节间单位体积干重呈“先减小后稍增大”的趋势，第5—7节间最小；基部第2或第3节间的含水率最大，向上节间含水率逐渐减小；节间髓变白面积占比逐渐增大。吐丝至生理成熟后4周，节间单位体积干重随生育进程的变化受环境、品种影响较大，2018年3个品种灌浆后期的节间单位体积干重大幅度增加，2019年仅‘京农科728’和‘郑单958’灌浆中后期增大，其他品种和时期变化不大。各节间的含水率在灌浆前期无显著变化，灌浆中期至生理成熟后4周不断减小，‘京农科728’节间含水率降低主要在灌浆中期和后期，‘郑单958’节间含水率降低主要在灌浆后期，‘先玉335’主要在灌浆后期和生理成熟后第2—4周。髓变白面积占比随生育进程推进逐渐增大，但其变化受环境影...     

多旋翼无人机旋翼下方风场对航空喷施雾滴沉积的影响

风场是影响航空喷施雾滴沉积分布特性的重要因素之一。为了揭示多旋翼无人机旋翼下方风场对雾滴沉积分布的影响机理,通过无人机旋翼风场测量系统测量多旋翼电动无人机旋翼下方的风场分布,同时结合航空喷施雾滴在水稻冠层的沉积情况,分析旋翼下方X、Y、Z 3个方向的风场对雾滴沉积分布的影响,并对试验结果进行了方差分析和回归分析。结果表明:在无人机旋翼下方3向风场中,X和Y向风速对有效喷幅区内雾滴沉积量的影响不显著,Z向风速的影响极显著;X向风速对有效喷幅区内雾滴沉积穿透性的影响不显著,Y和Z向风速的影响分别为显著和极显著;X和Y向风速对雾滴沉积飘移的影响均不显著,Z向风场的影响显著;且当水平方向上X、Y向风速峰值越小、垂直方向上Z向风速峰值越大时,雾滴沉积均匀性越好,最佳值达到36.44%。另外,有效喷幅区内雾滴沉积量与因素Z向风速之间的回归模型及有效喷幅区内雾滴沉积穿透性与因素Y和Z向风速之间的回归模型的决定系数R~2分别为0.868和0.842,表明模型可以为实际作业提供指导。