一株丙硫菌唑降解菌的筛选及其降解条件的优化

从活性污泥中筛选出以丙硫菌唑为唯一碳源的降解菌株,对该菌株进行形态学、生理和生化特征结合16S rDNA基因序列鉴定为假单胞菌属绿脓杆菌,命名为 Pseudomonas aeruginosa W-313。通过响应面法对菌株W-313降解丙硫菌唑的条件进行优化,初始pH值为7.40,温度为 32 ℃,葡糖糖含量为0.60%时,W-313降解丙硫菌唑效果最佳,48 h降解率可达65.12%,与实际情况下基本吻合。研究结果为利用环境微生物降解丙硫菌唑及其代谢物进而有效规避残留农药污染提供新理论依据。     

FOAM, a new simple benthic degradative module for the LAMP3D model: an application to a Mediterranean fish farm

The modelling framework already introduced by Doglioli, Magaldi, Vezzulli and Tucci to predict the potential impact of a marine fish farm is improved following different directions, namely (1) real historic current-metre data are used to force the simulations, (2) settling velocity values specifically targeting Mediterranean fish species are used, and (3) a new benthic degradative module, the Finite Organic Accumulation Module, is added to the modelling framework. The Finite Organic Accumulation Module uses the output of the other functional units of the modelling framework to calculate the organic load on the seabed. The Finite Organic Accumulation Module considers the natural capability of the seafloor in absorbing part of the organic load. Different remineralization rates reflect the sediment stress level according to the work of Findlay and Watling. Organic degradation for both uneaten feed and faeces is evaluated by changing the release modality (continuous and periodical) and by varying the settling velocities. It is found that the maximum impact on the benthic community is observed either for quickly sinking uneaten feed released twice a day, or for less intense near-bottom current conditions. If both the above-mentioned scenarios coexist, a high stress level is established in the sediment. The model also suggests that the use of self-feeders in cages can reduce farm impacts significantly. These results show how the new and more complete modelling framework presented here is able to improve the objectivity in the decision-making processes and how it may be successfully used for planning and monitoring purposes.     

微生物降解动力学参数估计新算法的比较

为了有效地估计较大范围变化的微生物降解动力学参数,发展了基于瞬时精英保护策略的遗传算法(IEPGA)和简单改进遗传算法(IGA),并和多次在参数区间内获取随机初值联用Matlab的lsqnonlin搜寻的算法进行了比较.这些算法利用模拟数据和文献数据,估计了积分形式的Monod模型参数.结果表明,虽然三者均能较好解决这一问题,但考虑到实际运行规模、时间以及最终结果精度,对于较大范围变化的微生物降解参数估计问题,多次(>20次)随机初值联用lsqnonlin的方法相对两种遗传算法更为可行.     

Biodegradation of Monoethanolamine,Ethylene Glycol and Triethylene Glycol in Laboratory Bioreactors

The release of alkanolamines and glycols into the subsurface soils poses a potential hazard to the environment through impacted soil and groundwater. This study investigated aerobic and anaerobic biodegradability of monoethanolamine (MEA), ethylene glycol (MEG) and triethylene glycol (TEG). Significant levels of MEA (31 000 mg/kg), MEG (500 mg/kg) and TEG (2100 mg/kg) were successfully aerobically biodegraded in bioreactors. The aerobic slurry experiments suggested initial phosphate (P) limitation, as biodegradation rates increased by one order of magnitude after phosphate addition. Anaerobic decay of MEA, MEG and TEG was unaffected by P-addition. MEA, MEG and TEG degradation products such as acetate, ethanol and ammonium at about 75 000 mg/kg, 8100 mg/kg and 8800 mg/kg degraded completely and did not prevent aerobic biodegradation. This study confirms proposed biodegradation pathways of MEA, MEG, TEG and their breakdown products in natural soil and groundwater using indigenous microbes. Levels of contamination studied here are significantly higher than previously reported.     

细胞电融合构建高效蒽降解重组菌株的研究

通过An815与带EGFP标记的铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa/EGFP)原生质体电融合,得到一株融合子R2,该融合子不仅具有An815菌高效降解蒽的能力,而且具有铜绿假单胞菌产生生物表面活性剂的能力,在72 h内将蒽从100 mg.L-1降解至27.9 mg.L-1,降解能力比出发菌An815提高了22%。     

藤黄微球菌AD3的阿特拉津降解基因检测与分析

为了获得高效稳定的阿特拉津基因,分离出更多的阿特拉津降解菌,试验采用PCR基因扩增和氮源利用方法,对AD3菌株的阿特拉津降解基因进行了检测和测序,并与其他菌株阿特拉津降解基因的序列进行了比较。结果表明：Micrococcus luteus AD3菌株含有阿特拉津降解基因trzN,atzB,atzC和atzDEF。其中trzN基因中心区的序列与Arthrobacter sp.TC1的trzN完全相同,atzB和atzC基因中心区的序列与Pseudomonas sp.ADP的atzB和atzC完全相同。AD3菌株能以氰脲酸为唯一氮源生长,Micrococcus luteus AD3菌株能将阿特拉津彻底降解成CO2和NH3。     

铜绿微囊藻对苯酚的富集与降解

以苯酚为培养介质中的唯一碳源,研究铜绿微囊藻的生长和对苯酚的去除效果。结果表明,铜绿微囊藻能利用苯酚的碳进行光合作用,加快其生长;同时,铜绿微囊藻对苯酚有明显的富集与降解作用,富集量２４ｈ最大达２７．８５ｍｇ／ｇ,此后随时间的延长逐渐降低。铜绿微囊藻对苯酚的降解符合一级动力学方程,５ｄ降解率为６７．６％。     

不同动物肠道微生物对黄豆苷原的转化研究

采用高效液相色谱技术,分析比较了32种不同动物肠道微生物菌群对黄豆苷原的转化情况。在全部供试动物中,只有大熊猫的肠道微生物菌群对黄豆苷原未表现转化能力,其余31种动物的代谢产物中均出现了去氧甲基安哥拉紫檀素;有14种动物对黄豆苷原的代谢产物中出现了高活性植物雌激素雌马酚。研究表明,不同动物对黄豆苷原的代谢能力强弱不仅与遗传因素有关,同时还与动物本身的饮食结构等环境因素有关。通过测定黄豆苷原在不同动物体内的代谢产物,确定了一些对黄豆苷原具有较强代谢能力的动物种类,尤其是确定了一些能将黄豆苷原高效转化为雌马酚的理想动物种类。     

一株有机磷农药降解菌的分离、鉴定及降解酶基因的克隆

从农药厂污水处理池中分离到一株能很好降解甲基对硫磷和对硝基苯酚的菌株Yw18,它能以甲基对硫磷或对硝基苯酚为惟一碳源生长,经鉴定,为苍白杆菌(Ochrobacterum sp.).用气相色谱法和分光光度法对Yw18的降解性能进行了研究,结果表明,在0.5 h内它对50 mg·L-1甲基对硫磷的降解率达90%以上,在8 h内能将50 mg·L-1对硝基苯酚完全降解.对该菌进行了系统发育研究,并用PCR法克隆其甲基对硫磷降解酶基因mpd.     

微生物菌剂处理富营养化景观水体的室内试验研究

利用含有光合细菌、放线菌、乳酸菌、酵母菌的复合微生物菌剂，在室内采用投菌法对富营养化人工景观湖水进行净化试验。结果表明，采用不同投加量的菌剂对水体进行处理，水体中的总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）、COD队浊度显著降低。投加量为0．01％的处理效果最好，经过处理后。水体中TN浓度为1．31mg·L^-1,TP为0．03mg·L^-1；CODCr为19．38mg·L^-1综合多种水质指标，均能达到地面水环境质量Ⅳ类标准，满足非人体接触游乐区的水质要求，符合GB12941—91景观娱乐用水C类标准，藻类基本得到控制。