浅谈蓝沙还原卡V9.2在高校电子阅览室的应用

阐述了蓝沙还原卡v9.2在保护电子阅览室计算机系统方面上的优势、工作原理、以及使用中常遇到的问题和解决方法。     

Alley cropping and mulching withErythrina poeppigiana (Walp.) O. F. Cook andGliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp.: effects on maize/weed competition

The potential of allye cropping systems to sustain a high productivity with low external inputs and the reduction of maize/weed competition through weed suppression in different alley cropping and sole-cropped mulched systems was studied in Costa Rica at CATIE. Data were recorded eight years after establishment of the experiment. Plant residues ofErythrina poeppigiana trees (10 t/ha dry matter) planted at 6 by 3 m reduced weed biomass by 52%, whileGliricidia sepium trees (12 t/ha dry matter) planted at 6 by 0.5 m reduced weed biomass by 28%, in comparison to controls.Erythrina had a considerable impact on grass weeds, whileGliricidia reduced the incidence of some dicot weeds. Weed competition significantly reduced maize yield in all systems. Nevertheless weed suppression contributed to the higher maize grain yield underErythrina andGliricidia alley cropping of 3.8 t per hectare as opposed to the unmulched control yield of 2.0 t per hectare.     

参与式扶贫与农村可持续性发展--参与式方法在乡镇工作中的实践

本文介绍了参与式扶贫思路对乡镇政府工作的影响.参与式扶贫思路在乡镇的成功实践,证明了应用该思路实施农村扶贫和推进农村经济可持续发展的有效性,及其在农村减贫致富中的推动作用.     

汽相法马尾松脱脂技术研究

松树是中国主要的人工林树种,其蓄积量最大,分布地域最广。但由于富含树脂,其用途受到很大限制,因此松木脱脂成为扩大其利用价值的重要手段。基于传统的脱脂方法不甚理想的状况,阐述了1种新的脱脂工艺方法,此方法不仅保证脱脂率,而且大大降低了加工成本。     

Absolute configuration of arylglycerol-β-aryl ethers obtained by asymmetric reduction of the correspondingα-ketonic compound with intactFusarium solani cells

When (±)--oxo-guaiacylglycerol--(vanillic acid) ether (1) is degraded byFusarium solani M-13-1, the-ketone is initially reduced to giveerythro andthreo guaiacylglycerol--(vanillic acid) ethers (2), arylglycerol--aryl ethers, both of which are enantiomerically pure. The absolute configuration in each2 was determined by Mosher's method; the products were converted to,-di-(R)--methoxy--trifluoromethylphenylacetates (MTPA esters) (3) oferythro (-)- andthreo (+)-veratrylglycerol--(methyl vanillate) ethers (3), whose¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were examined and compared with those of four di-(R)-MTPA ester (3) diastereomers from chemically synthesizederythro (±)-3 andthreo (±)-3. To assign the- and-MTPA-OCH₃ peaks, the¹H NMR scans of several compounds that have substructures of 3 and their 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl analogues were examined. When a racemic alcohol reacts with (R)-MTPA to give a pair of (R)-MTPA ester diastereomers, the value was defined as the absolute value of the difference in the¹H chemical shifts of the peak between the diastereomers. It was found that the values of-MTPA-OCH₃ were larger than those of-MTPA-OCH₃ owing to a shielding effect of the veratryl ring located on the-MTPA-OCH₃, and that the-MTPA-OCH₃ peaks in the 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl compounds shifted downfield relative to those in the veratryl compounds. On the basis of the¹h NMR data of (R)-MTPA esters, the absolute configuration of the four chemically prepared diastereomers (3) were determined. The catabolicerythro 3 [fromerythro (-)-3] andthreo 3 [fromthreo (+)-3] were identical to (R, S, R)-erythro 3 and (R, S, S)- threo 3, respectively. An hydrogen species in the fungal reduction would attack the-ketone fromre-face of both (R)-1 and (S)-1, givingerythro (S, R)-2 andthreo (S, S)-2, respectively.Part of this paper was presented at the 33rd Lignin Symposium, Tsukuba, November 1988     

渍水土壤还原过程对土壤结构的影响研究综述

综述了渍水土壤还原过程中微生物代谢、化学变化、土壤结构和土壤胶体的稳定性的相关研究 .在还原过程中 ,随着好氧细菌、兼性厌氧细菌、硫酸还原菌和甲烷菌的活动 ,相继形成氨、硝酸根离子、亚铁离子、硫化物、气体物质及有机酸 .在渍水初期 ,水溶性阳离子浓度的增加导致土壤悬浊液凝集 .在渍水后期 ,亚铁沉淀的形成致使二价水溶性阳离子浓度降低 ,使得土壤胶粒悬浊液分散 .在还原条件下 ,土壤胶体稳定性的变化过程是一个动电机理 .     

Bats as the main prey of wintering long‐eared owl (Asio otus) in Beijing: Integrating biodiversity protection and urban management

The loss of biodiversity from urbanized areas is a major environmental problem challenging policy‐makers throughout the world. Solutions to this problem are urgently required in China. We carried out a case study of wintering long‐eared owls (Asio otus) and their main prey to illustrate the negative effects of urbanization combined with ineffective conservation of biodiversity in Beijing. Field monitoring of owl numbers at two roosting sites from 2004 to 2012 showed that the owl population had fallen rapidly in metropolitan Beijing. Analysis of pellet contents identified only seven individuals of two species of shrew. The majority of mammalian prey comprised four bat and seven rodent species, making up 29.3% and 29.5% of the prey items, respectively. Prey composition varied significantly among years at the two sample sites. At the urban site the consumption of bats and rodents declined gradually over time, while predation on birds increased. In contrast, at the suburban site the prey composition showed an overall decrease in the number of bats, a sharp increase and a subsequent decrease in bird prey, and the number of rodent prey fell to a low point. Rapid development of real estate and inadequate greenfield management in city parks resulted in negative effects on the bird and small mammal habitat of urban areas in Beijing. We suggest that measures to conserve biodiversity should be integrated into future urban planning to maintain China's rich biodiversity while also achieving sustainable economic development.     

钢铁企业焦化工序节能减排途径探讨

从焦化技术改进、资源综合利用、余热回收利用三方面探讨了钢铁企业焦化工序节能减排途径。分析了捣固炼焦、干熄焦等技术,为钢铁企业实施节能减排提供参考。     

融合路面特征的大型喷雾机多工况悬架控制与试验

大型高地隙喷雾机的作业工况复杂,不同路况对悬架的性能要求不尽相同,传统悬架系统已无法满足喷雾机多工况作业的不同减振需求。为有效提高大型喷雾机各工况下的减振性能并有效降低能耗,提出了一种基于路况识别的多工况主动悬架控制系统。首先,分析喷雾机典型作业工况,建立路面特征与悬架模型的映射关系;然后,搭建喷雾机油气悬架的上下层控制系统,采用变步长萤火虫算法优化控制系统中各工况下的阻尼系数;最终将搭载该控制算法的喷雾机进行田间动态性能试验。试验结果表明,相比传统悬架,主动悬架在水泥及田间路面的行驶平顺性分别提升11.0%和22.8%,操控稳定性分别提升24.5%和3.4%。本研究所提出的控制系统可以有效解决不同工况下驾驶平顺性和操纵稳定性的矛盾关系,满足喷雾机各工况的特定减振需求。     

基于水肥一体化条件下化肥减量对春小麦的影响

【目的】研究水肥一体化条件下化肥减量对春小麦的影响,为新疆塔额盆地春小麦化肥减量提供理论基础。【方法】以春小麦品种宁春16号为材料,设置5个处理,其中1个空白对照A(N₀P₀K₀)1个农户处理E(N₂₄₀P₁₀₅K_37.5)和3个对氮肥、磷肥的减量处理B(N₁₂₀P_52.5K_37.5)、C(N₁₂₀P₁₀₅K_37.5)、D(N₂₄₀P_52.5K_37.5)的田间试验,对照处理为A、农户E处理,分析在水肥一体化条件下的不同化肥减量对春小麦农艺性状、叶面积指数、产量构成、干物质积累与转运、农学效率的影响。【结果】处理C施肥量下,在开花期LAI达到7.14,显著高于对照A、E处理,花前转运量、转运率及物质转运对籽粒的贡献率在C处理达到最高,花后干物质积累量对产量的贡献率达到75.29％。处理C比其它处理提高了5％~24％;氮肥减少50％、磷肥不变C处理时产量达到最高为7 964.84 kg/hm²,较对照显著提高,比其他减肥模式产量提高了4.52％~24.09％。【结论】小麦处理C模式下表现最优,在小麦生产过程中合理的减量施氮可以获得高产;C(N₁₂₀P₁₀₅K_37.5)处理的化肥减量模式更适合新疆种植春小麦。