利用血液蛋白质(酶)分析狼山鸡的遗传多态性

采用不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法测定了狼山鸡的6个血液蛋白质（酶）座位。结果表明：运铁蛋白（Tf）、碱性磷酸酶（Akp-1）、前白蛋白（Pa）、淀粉酶（Amy-1）、后白蛋白（po）和酯酶（Es-1）6个蛋白座位表现多态性，其平均杂合度为0．2949。分析表明，狼山鸡遗传多样性程度相对较高，遗传选择潜力大。     

Employment

The 1990s began with unprecedented market conditions for labour: unemployment rates were reaching their highest level in over 50 years, participation in the labour market had fallen to historically low levels and net emigration was widespread across all occupations. It seemed that things could only get better. While some did benefit from the limited growth that took place in the nineties, many did not. The greater inequality generated during the 1980s was fanned by the deregulation of the labour market and remained undiminished throughout the following decade. The marked reduction in manufacturing employment in the 1980s continued into the early 1990s negatively impacting Maori and Pacific Island men and women in particular. Increasingly post‐secondary school education became necessary to gain entry into regular work and those with little formal education and few work skills fell further down the queue. These changes are closely allied to the processes of globalisation which is already exercising considerable influence on the employment opportunities of New Zealanders.     

Inequality and conflict in Fiji: From purgatory to hell?

Abstract: This article examines socio‐economic inequality in Fiji and finds that, contrary to oft‐repeated claims, inequality between Fiji"s major ethnic groups (inter‐ethnic inequality) is less significant than inequality within each ethnic group (intra‐ethnic inequality). In spite of this reality, inter‐group inequality and affirmative action policies have remained central features of state policy in Fiji. This article suggests that Fiji's experience has three implications for the growing literature on the relationship between inequality and conflict. First, examining average inequality between groups can be misleading. Secondly, a key to understanding the relationship between ethnic and economic cleavages in post‐colonial plural societies, such as Fiji, is in the interaction between intra‐group and inter‐group inequality. Thirdly, there does not seem to be a straightforward relationship between actual levels of inequality, perceptions of inequality, and the prominence given to inequality in ethno‐nationalist discourse. In Fiji's case, the strategic deployment of inter‐group inequality has served, and continues to serve, the material and discursive interests of some political elites. As a result, the intersection between ethnicity, inequality and political rivalry in contemporary Fiji has been the source of much conflict and, importantly, may offer a nexus on which attempts at conflict resolution should focus.     

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Winston Halapua, Living on the fringe: Melanesians of Fiji Patrick Fuery and Nick Mansfield, Cultural Studies and Critical Theory Keith Chambers and Anne Chambers, Unity of Heart. Culture and Change in a Polynesian Atoll Society Alice Aruhe’eta Pollard, Givers of Wisdom, Labourers without Gain: Essays on Women in Solomon Islands Prema–chandra Athukorala, Chris Manning and Piyasiri Wickramasekara, Growth, Employment and Migration in Southeast Asia: Structural Change in the Greater Mekong Countries Edvard Hviding and Tim Bayliss–Smith, Islands of Rainforest: Agroforestry, Logging and Eco–tourism in Solomon Islands     

Critical Phase Transition of the Two-dimensional Microcanonical Ising Model by Cellular Automata Q2R Method

The authors construct a microcanonical ensemble system and analyzes the phase change of the two-dimensional Ising model Cellular Automata Q2R/WQ2R method. The result indicates that the numerical value simulation can show the spontaneous magnetization of two-dimensional crystal lattice in isolated system. The authors have observed the critical phase transition phenomenon and gotten the critical energy. The simulation of three-dimensional Ising model can be grounded on the method that this article establishes.     

MEASURING PROBABILITY OF SKY BRIGHTNESS IN CLASSIFICATION BY THE AVERAGE INSOLATION

According to the daily change law from curves for percentage insolation,this paper presents a new formula of the average insolation in the zones where the insolation is more than 70%. By means of the hourly observing data during two years for solar direct ratiation, cloudage and sunshine condition in seven zones different lighting climate,considering the vaper pressure and the altitude present the function of percentage insolation and the probability of four sky brightness classification,this formula has a certain precision to be proved by observation.     

Descending Dimension Algorithm of Nolinear Programming Problem with Linear Inequality Constraints

The general nonlinear programming with linear constraints was investigated. In the algorithm, the method of contributing set was used. Comparing with the general contributing set method, the descending dimension method was used to solve the sub-problem with equality constraints in iterative procedure and the problem with inequality constraints. The algorithm is effective by the numerical test. Finally, it was proved that the iteration points are descending, when the objective functions are convex.     

The geography of the wages: Chinese cities 1989 and 1997

Improving national average income and reducing regional income inequality often serve as dual goals of economic development in a country. After over twenty years of economic reforms, China has been fairly successful in achieving the first goal, but failed in the second. This paper uses recent data with a sharper resolution to examine the variation of average wages across Chinese cities 1989–1997. Widening wage inequalities across cities are observed during the period. This research also seeks to explain the variation of wages between cities by factors such as agglomeration (density and city size), location advantages (distances from central cities and from the coastline), educational attainment, industrial structure and administrative hierarchy. Many of the factors are found to be important in explaining wage differences in Western countries but are yet to be tested in China. Some factors such as distance from the coast, industrial structure and administrative hierarchy are considered because of China’s unique social and economic systems.     

太阳能加热的地上式户用沼气生产系统热性能分析

为对太阳能加热的地上式户用沼气生产系统的推广应用和优化设计提供指导,试验研究了该型系统的热性能,对系统中真空管太阳能热水器日平均集热效率、沼气池散热量和热水-料液传热系数与相关因素的关系进行了分析。试验表明,当日平均环境温度在-2.1~-8.6℃变化时,沼气池内料液温度可维持在(27±2)℃的范围内。得到了太阳能热水器日平均集热效率、沼气池散热量和热水-料液传热系数的计算公式;研究发现沼气池内料液温度对热水-料液传热系数的影响很大,随着料液温度的提高,传热系数显著增加。     

Experimental Analysis on Optimal Tail Water Discharge Method of River Water Source Heat Pump

In order to study the influence on water temperature raise of river water source heat pump tail water discharged in different methods, the real sensor network is established by using digital temperature sensors. The simulation experiments of different discharging methods of river water source heat pump are carried out, including submerged-type discharge, surface-type discharge and jet-type discharge with 12 effluent ways. By using weighted average method, the preferred values of such factors as the average temperature raise,the temperature raise variance, the biggest temperature raise value, and the number of temperature measure points above the temperature raise average value are calculated. Moreover, the experiment results are analyzed by the three-dimensional figures of water temperature raise, which shows that jet-type discharge is better than submerged-type discharge and surface-type discharge,and the double-port way is better than single-port way. In addition, the double-port way along with the current in surface-type discharge method is the one that exerts least influence on river water temperature raise.