桂西两栖动物多样性及保护对策

2003要2013 年深入桂西各县区对两栖动物多样性进行了系统地调查与研究,结果显示,桂西现已记录 两栖动物51 种,分属2 目8 科23 属。区系组成以50 种东洋界种类占明显优势,其余1 种为广布种,无古北界种分 布。在各县区分布较广泛的优势种有黑眶蟾蜍、沼水蛙、泽陆蛙、华南湍蛙、斑腿泛树蛙、饰纹姬蛙、花姬蛙。分析了两 栖动物生存现状,并提出保护对策。     

两栖类动物皮肤抗菌肽研究进展

两栖类动物的皮肤在自然进化过程中形成了抵御病原微生物感染的三套防御系统,而皮肤抗菌肽是其先天性免疫系统的重要组成部分.抗菌肽广泛存在于动、植物体内,由基因编码、核糖体合成,能够有效的抑制和杀灭病原微生物,在进化上是一类非常古老而有效的天然防御物质.从两栖类动物皮肤抗菌肽的结构、作用机制、活性功能等方面进行阐述,以期系统认识和了解两栖类动物皮肤抗菌肽,并为其应用研究提供理论依据.     

大连市森林动物园脊椎动物种类调查报告—两栖爬行及哺乳类

结合学生实习,对大连市森林动物园圈养区内的脊椎动物进行调查,其中共有两栖类2种属1目2科,爬行类12种属3目6科,哺乳类38种属6目16科。此项研究为生物爱好者学习研究提供了参考依据。     

群动盖丝藻(Geitlerinema ionicum)中国蓝藻门一个新纪录种

颤藻目蓝藻是世界广泛分布的藻类,也是正处于藻类分类学修订中的一大类群。本文在2014年夏季上海黄浦江水体采集的藻类样品中,根据形态特征鉴定分析,确定了中国蓝藻的一个新纪录属——盖丝藻属(Geitlerinema)和新纪录种——群动盖丝藻(Geitlerinema ionicum),本文对该属和该种的分类学的形态特征进行了详细的描述;另外,本文参考Komárek 和Anagnostidis(2005)分类体系,对我国与该属相关的蓝藻种类进行了重新归类组合,发现尖头颤藻(Osicllatoria acutissima)、两栖颤藻(O. amphibia)、双点颤藻硫泉变种(O. geminate var. sulphurea)、四点颤藻单颗粒变种(O. quadripunctulata var. unigranulata)等4种应归入盖丝藻属。     

两栖类结冰耐受机制及其研究策略

综述了近年来美洲林蛙的研究进展,总结了两栖类动物结冰耐受的主要机制,并提出该领域研究的新方向。     

湖南雪峰山国家森林公园两栖爬行动物资源调查

2007—2008年期间,对湖南雪峰山国家森林公园的两栖爬行动物资源进行了实地调查。调查结果表明:雪峰山国家森林公园现有两栖动物2目7科20种,爬行动物2目10科38种。其中国家Ⅱ级保护动物1种;"三有"保护动物57种;湖南省地方重点保护动物51种。另外,还发现湖南省爬行动物新记录属及新记录种一个——广西棱蜥。     

Aspects on the relief of living surfaces using atomic force microscopy allow “art” to imitate nature

The visualization of the surface of biological samples using an atomic force microscope reveals features of the external relief and can resolve very fine and detailed features of the surface. We examined specimens from the skin of the amphibians Salamandra salamandra Linnaeus, 1758, Lyciasalamandra luschani basoglui Baran & Atatür, 1980 and Mesotriton alpestris Laurenti, 1768, and from the surface of pollen grains of the plant species Cyclamen graecum Link, 1835 and Cistus salviifolius Linnaeus, 1753, which exhibit certain interesting features, imaged at the nanoscale level. It is likely that the relief influences the attributes of the interfaces between the tissues and the environment. We found that the microsculpture increases in size the surface of the examined tissues and this might be particularly important for their performance in the field. Microsculpturing of amphibians' skin may affect water regulation, dehydration and rehydration, and cutaneous gas exchange. Pollen grain relief might affect the firmness of the contact between pollen surface and water droplets. High resolution imaging of the external relief showed that roughening might induce wetting and influence the water status of the specimens. In addition, roughness affects the radius of water droplets retained in between the projections of the external relief. Roughness of the tissues was highly correlated with their vertical distance, whereas surface distances were highly correlated with horizontal distances. By enabling a more detailed characterization of the external sculptures, through sophisticated techniques, a more comprehensive examination of the samples indicates similarities among different living tissues, originated from different kingdoms, which can be attributed to environmental conditions and physiological circumstances.     

佛坪自然保护区两栖爬行动物的组成与分布

地处秦岭中段南坡的佛坪自然保护区具有丰富的两栖爬行动物资源。当前该保护区分布有16种两栖动物和28种爬行动物,其中的10种两栖类和7种爬行类为中国特有种。分析这些两栖爬行动物的保护状态发现,除大鲵为国家Ⅱ级重点保护的、处于极危状态的物种外,还有11种为处于濒危或易危状态的物种。区内两栖爬行动物的垂直分布特征并不明显,但在海拔1 500m以下的区域分布的种类较多、数量较大。表明佛坪自然保护区是秦岭两栖爬行动物多样性保护的关键区域。针对该区域两栖爬行动物的保护与管理提出了一些建议。     

Temperature and mass scaling affect cutaneous and pulmonary respiratory performance in a diving frog

Global climate change is altering patterns of temperature variation, with unpredictable consequences for species and ecosystems. The Metabolic Theory of Ecology (MTE) provides a powerful framework for predicting climate change impacts on ectotherm metabolic performance. MTE postulates that physiological and ecological processes are limited by organism metabolic rates, which scale predictably with body mass and temperature. The purpose of this study was to determine if different metabolic proxies generate different empirical estimates of key MTE model parameters for the aquatic frog Xenopus laevis when allowed to exhibit normal diving behavior. We used a novel methodological approach in combining a flow-through respirometry setup with the open-source Arduino platform to measure mass and temperature effects on 4 different proxies for whole-body metabolism (total O₂ consumption, cutaneous O₂ consumption, pulmonary O₂ consumption, and ventilation frequency), following thermal acclimation to one of 3 temperatures (8°C, 17°C, or 26°C). Different metabolic proxies generated different mass-scaling exponents (b) and activation energy (E_A) estimates, highlighting the importance of metabolic proxy selection when parameterizing MTE-derived models. Animals acclimated to 17°C had higher O₂ consumption across all temperatures, but thermal acclimation did not influence estimates of key MTE parameters E_A and b. Cutaneous respiration generated lower MTE parameters than pulmonary respiration, consistent with temperature and mass constraints on dissolved oxygen availability, SA:V ratios, and diffusion distances across skin. Our results show that the choice of metabolic proxy can have a big impact on empirical estimates for key MTE model parameters.     

威远江自然保护区两栖爬行类动物资源及区系特点

2006年10月与2005年5月对威远江自然保护区进行了综合科学考察,结果共记录到两栖爬行类动物40种,其中两栖类动物18种隶属于1目7科13属;爬行类动物22种,隶属于1目2亚目7科18属.两栖爬行类动物中,国家Ⅰ级保护动物有圆鼻巨蜥1种,国家Ⅱ级保护动物有红瘰疣螈1种;云南省省级保护动物有眼镜蛇和眼镜王蛇2种;云南省有益的和有重要经济及科学研究价值的动物有金环蛇、银环蛇、黑眉锦蛇3种;列入ICUN"濒危"物种有圆鼻巨蜥1种;区系成分是东洋界华南区和西南区物种,具有典型的过渡性.