蒙古马性格候选基因5-HT受体部分序列的PCR-SSCP分析

[目的]研究马5-HT受体基因与性格性状之间的关系,为优良马匹的鉴定、合理利用与品种改良提供理论基础。[方法]首先进行问卷调查,选取60匹蒙古马,采集血样,提取相关DNA,设计引物,然后进行PCR和PCR-SSCP分析,最后将问卷调查结果与相关基因多态性结合,对每匹蒙古马性格进行综合评价和统计分析。[结果]HTR1b基因BB型马在对人友好、协作性、温顺性、忍耐性、合群性方面特征明显,AB型在好奇性、警戒性、易激动性等方面特征明显。HTR1b基因上A1316G与马的好奇性、警戒性、易激动性有关。HTR1a上游基因的5种基因型中,AB基因型、CC基因型的个体在"友好型"的特征较AA型、BB型、BC型高。CC基因型在警戒调查中极显著。说明CC基因型G735C可能与马的警戒性有关。HTR1a下游基因的3种基因型中,BB、AB基因型在"友好型"的特征较BC型高,BC型在好奇性方面得分最高。说明BC基因型G1461A、T1472C可能与马好奇性有关。[结论]不同的基因型对马匹的性格如友好性、好奇性、易激动性等具有很大的影响。     

太行山阳坡樟子松的生长表现及发展前景

对太行山石灰岩区干旱阳坡引种了11a的樟子松的生长、开花结实及其对土壤的改良效果、水保效益进行了分析,结果表明,引种的樟子松比相同立地条件下同龄油松的树高平均提高了28.60%,地径平均提高了8.20%,林地持水量提高了23.9%。实践证明,樟子松是适宜在太行山阳坡生长的优良水土保持树种。     

蒙古羊胸椎数的亲本印记遗传研究

蒙古羊胸椎数的遗传方式具有亲本印记特征。调控这个性状的Ｈｏｍｅｏｂｏｘ基因突变以后由于父系等位基因或母系等位基因的甲基化,使其转录活动停止,导致父系和母系基因组对子代的遗传贡献不相等,从而使子代产生具有父系或母系特征的亲本印记性状。纯繁与正反交实验证明,在蒙古羊胞椎数的遗传过程中,父系多胸椎基因对子代的影响明显大于母系多胸椎基因,分别为３２．４２％和２１．４３％,当正常型与多胸椎型羊分别进行同型交配时,由于基因组印记效应,使部分子代的Ｈｏｍｅｏｂｏｘ突变基因和野生型基因缄默,因而后代群体中出现亲本类型不同的表型,其比例分别为１１．７６％和１９．１９％。利用蒙古羊的亲本印记遗传特点可以指导种羊选育和商品肉羊的杂交优势利用。     

蒙古绵羊早期胚胎神经及感觉器官的组织发生

蒙古绵羊胚胎发生到１４～１７ｄ（Ｅｍｂｒｙｏｇｅｎｅｓｉｓ１４～１７ｄａｙｓ,Ｅ１４～１７ｄ．）胚长１～３ｍｍ（Ｅｍｂｒｙｏｌｅｎｇｔｈ１～３ｍｍ,Ｅｌ１～３ｍｍ）。原结前方的神经板分化成神经沟,神经沟两侧的神经皱相互吻合成神经管。Ｅ１８～３０ｄ,Ｅｌ３～１５ｍｍ。神经管前段膨大成初级脑泡,进而分化成５个脑泡（即端脑胞、间脑泡、中脑泡、后脑泡及末脑泡）,并显示出头曲、桥曲及颈曲。Ｅ２１～３１ｄ,神经管已分化出室管膜层、外套层、边缘层、脊神经节、脊神经及交感神经链。Ｅ１７～３０ｄ,１２对脑神经的原基逐渐发生,其中视神经及听神经发生较早,嗅神经发生较晚。Ｅ１８～３０ｄ,间脑两侧的视泡分化成视杯,视网膜原基发生。视区的外胚层又分化出晶状体及角膜。菱脑两侧的外胚层内陷形成耳泡,进而分化出内淋巴导管、椭圆囊、球囊、半规管及耳蜗的原基。Ｅ２０ｄ以后,在额鼻突的吻端,鼻板内陷形成鼻道。Ｅ２９ｄ,鼻道背侧的间充质内开始出现嗅神经纤维的原基。     

蒙古马胎儿成纤维细胞永生化细胞体系建立的研究

【目的】试验旨在建立永生化蒙古马胎儿成纤维细胞(equine fetal fibroblasts, EFFs)系,为马繁殖与发育生物学研究提供参考。【方法】采用1 mg/mL胶原酶Ⅳ消化分离原代EFFs,利用表达人端粒酶逆转录亚基(hTERT)和潮霉素B抗性的pLV-hTERT-IRES-hygro慢病毒感染EFFs,经潮霉素B筛选得到阳性细胞hTERT-EFFs,以第3代EFFs为对照,采用实时荧光定量PCR检测hTERT mRNA的表达水平,CCK-8法绘制生长曲线检测细胞增殖能力,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况,β-半乳糖苷酶染色检测细胞衰老情况。使用DNAMAN软件比对分析人、马、小鼠、牛、绵羊、猪多物种TERT核苷酸、蛋白和端粒酶RNA组分(TERC)序列相似性。【结果】原代EFFs在实验室培养体系下可传至17代,但第17代细胞发生了衰老。hTERT基因可成功转入EFFs,并至少稳定表达20代。然而hTERT-EFFs增殖能力显著低于EFFs(P<0.05),hTERT-EFFs凋亡早期细胞率显著高于EFFs(P<0.05)。细胞衰老检测结果表明,hTERT-EFFs...     

Seasonal and interannual variations in water vapor exchange and surface water balance over a grazed steppe in central Mongolia

This study explored the seasonal and interannual variation in water vapor exchange and surface water balance over a grazed steppe in central Mongolia through analysis of 4 years (2003-2006) of flux data obtained via the eddy covariance method. Annual precipitation (PPT) in 2003 measured 239 mm which is 32% above the 10-year (1983-2002) average of 181 mm. By contrast, PPT for the other 3 years of the study fell below the 10-year average, measuring 159 mm in 2004, 110 mm in 2005, and 119 mm in 2006. The annual evapotranspiration (ET) for each of the study years measured 156, 160, 153, and 101 mm, respectively, and the peak value of ET during the growing season varied from 2.2 to 3.2 mm d⁻¹. At the study site, the ratio of ET to the equilibrium ET (ET_eq) was usually lower than 0.5 during the growing season, which reflects the significant effect of water shortage on ET. The large seasonal variation in canopy surface conductance (g_s), caused by variation in soil water content (SWC) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD), was the major factor affecting ET. The annual ET/PPT was 0.65 in 2003, 1.01 in 2004, 1.39 in 2005, and 0.85 in 2006. The stored soil water (especially at a depth of 0-30 cm) resulting from autumnal precipitation of the previous year remained frozen for about 5 months, from winter through early spring. This stored water had a considerable effect on plant growth during the following spring. For the central Mongolian steppe, there was a high correlation between the mean normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and total precipitation during the growing season (May-September) as well as during the preceding 9 months (August-April). This correlation reflects the important contribution of precipitation input and stored soil water during the previous year to ET.     

FecB基因在5个中国地方绵羊品种中的多态性及其与产羔数的关联分析

为解析中国地方绵羊品种产羔数差异形成的遗传学机制,以5个不同繁殖力的中国地方绵羊品种(湖羊、藏羊、蒙古羊、阿勒泰羊和多浪羊)为研究对象,利用PCR-RFLP技术检测FecB基因的多态性,比较不同繁殖力群体间FecB的分布情况,并与其产羔数进行关联分析。结果显示:湖羊群体中存在BB、B+、++三种基因型,藏羊、蒙古羊及阿勒泰羊群体中仅存在B+和++两种基因型,多浪羊群体中仅存在++基因型。湖羊、藏羊、蒙古羊、阿勒泰羊及多浪羊群体中BB、B+及++基因型频率依次是0.69、0.28、0.03,0.00、0.13、0.88,0.00、0.08、0.92,0.00、0.08、0.92和0.00、0.00、1.00;B等位基因频率由高到低依次为湖羊>藏羊>蒙古羊=阿勒泰羊>多浪羊。湖羊、藏羊、蒙古羊和阿勒泰羊中该位点He和PIC分别为0.29、0.25,0.12、0.11,0.08、0.07和0.08、0.07,且在以上4个品种中BB和B+基因型个体产羔数比++基因型个体高(P<0.01),BB基因型个体和B+基因型个体之间无差异(P>0.05)。由此可推断,FecB或许是决定绵羊产羔数的主效基因,亦或是与其存在密切相关的标记基因,可助力绵羊产羔数性状MAS技术和为多胎绵羊新品种(系)培育提供素材。     

不同经营方式下蒙古栎次生林种群的结构特征

为使蒙古栎次生林生态系统达到近自然的状态,探讨经营方式对蒙古栎次林种群的影响,对不同经营方式下的蒙古栎次生林主要建群种的结构特征进行了比较研究。结果表明:除蒙古栎和胡枝子外,针阔混交林主要建群种生长情况均好于纯林;针阔混交林下蒙古栎实生幼苗的地径要大于纯林,即混交林下天然更新幼苗生长更好,对资源的利用也更充分;其余结构特征从数据分析上看没有十分明显的规律。     

蒙古羊的起源及尾脂沉积的研究进展

蒙古羊是中国数量最多、分布最广的粗毛绵羊品种,其体质结实,适应性强,能耐受极粗放的饲养管理条件。蒙古羊尾部较强的脂肪沉积能力使其具有很好的抗逆性,但尾部脂肪沉积过多又不足以满足消费者对高品质羊肉的需求。结合现有的资料和研究成果,围绕蒙古羊的起源和尾脂沉积调控机制进行了总结,旨在为深入了解蒙古羊的起源和明确育种目标提供参考。     

Migration and movement profiles of a potadromous fish (Brachymystax lenok Pallas 1773) in a highly connected river system (Mongolia)

Understanding a species’ spatial and temporal movements along with the way these shift under extreme environmental conditions is vital for developing scientifically sound conservation and management strategies. The aim of this research was to describe and quantify the seasonal migration patterns and fine‐scale movement profiles of Brachymystax lenok, a threatened, potadromous salmonid that inhabits the highly connected, boreal river basins of Siberia and northern Asia. During this study 21 mature individuals were monitored over a 15 month period in the upper Eroo River basin, Mongolia, using passive acoustic telemetry. Mean (±SD) B. lenok home ranges were 19.1 ± 15.1 km (median = 11.5 km), with maximum longitudinal movements detected > 45.3 km. Two periods of increased movements were identified; the first in late summer/early autumn when 10 B. lenok moved into deeper, overwintering pools, with the second period occurring in late spring and early summer when nine B. lenok were detected entering the surrounding tributaries. Diel activity and depth typically increased during daylight hours followed by decreased activity or resting periods in shallower river sections at night. These results highlight the need to maintain a high level of river connectivity and adequate fishing season closures by implementing and enforcing an expansive spatiotemporal management plan that can better protect and recover the Mongolian B. lenok populations. Such measures should be transferable to other threatened, potadromous fish species residing throughout the world's boreal river basins.