城市垃圾填埋及沼气收集利用

本文针对目前我国日益严重的城市固体废物污染环境的问题，在对此填埋，焚烧和高温堆肥等处理处置方法的基础上，分析了填埋产沼技术的可行性，指出其兼有的废物处理与处置的双重性，具有处理量大、处理费用低、可还原利用上地、能回收能源等多种优点，在我国有广阔应用前景。     

基于Petri网的产品拆卸过程规划

引用拆卸优先矩阵来描述产品零件间的物理特性,并以优先矩阵为基础,以Petri网为工具,建立了包括零部件回收价值及拆卸成本在内的产品拆卸Petri网模型,采用Petri网基于不变量的性能分析方法,对模型进行求解,得到了满足需求约束的最佳拆卸序列。     

地下水埋深对棉花灌溉制度的影响

针对黑龙港流域地下水位总体趋势持续下降的现象,结合沧州市南皮县棉田的原位试验,采用HYDRUS 1D模型进行数值模拟,分析不同地下水埋深条件下,地下水对棉花根系层的补给作用对灌溉制度的影响。结果表明,当全生育期地下水平均埋深为1.5、2m时,地下水对棉花根系层的补给量相当于实验棉田0.5~1.5倍的灌水定额。由此制定3种(1.5、2、3m)地下水埋深条件下不同降水水平年的棉田灌溉制度:播前灌之后,50%水平年不再灌溉;75%水平年当地下水平均埋深为3m时,灌一次花铃水;85%水平年在地下水平均埋深为2、3m时,各灌一次花铃水。地下水补给作用对棉花根系层土壤含水率存在着不可忽视的影响,特别是当地下水埋深不超过2m时制定棉田的灌溉制度应充分考虑地下水的补给作用。     

描述农村劳动力转移状况的分室模型

为了分析农业化发展速度与农村劳动力转移速度之间的关系，本文肖试性地把史密斯提出的生态系统分室模型用于描述第一，第二，第三产业劳动力数量相互转移物动态变化中，提出了劳动力结构分室模型，为探讨农业机械化客观发展规律提供了构模思路。     

微型摆式内燃发电机频率的计算与分析

针对所研制的微型摆式内燃发电机(MICSPG),阐述了各组成部分的工作过程及工作特点,建立了微型内燃发电系统的数学模型。在引入平均指示压力和线性气体弹簧分别对内燃机动力腔中由燃烧和最大预压缩压力而引起的气体压力进行线性化分析的基础上,得到了系统的传递函数,并据此研究和分析了微型摆式内燃机发电系统的稳定性和运动频率。研究结果为微型摆式内燃发电系统结构参数的确定和控制系统设计提供了有益的参考。     

柴油机曲轴有限元分析及结构优化设计

对一车用柴油机整体曲轴建立了符合实际情况的三维模型,采用有限元法对其进行了三维有限元分析,研究了整体曲轴的应力状态,并对其在交变载荷下的疲劳强度进行了校核。同时对曲轴结构参数,圆角形状优化和圆角应力分布等相关问题进行了探讨。最后对曲轴进行了模态分析。为柴油机曲轴的结构设计提供了有价值的理论依据。     

延边地区乡镇企业集群发展模式的探讨

在我国农村,要贯彻科学发展观,全面建设小康社会,进一步解决农民的就业和增收问题,解决农业的发展和农村稳定的问题,推进农村工业化、城镇化和现代化,都离不开乡镇企业的发展.本文从企业集群发展模式的角度,分析和阐述了乡镇企业发展规律,进而探讨了延边地区乡镇企业发展模式.这对于加快延边地区经济建设,解决延边地区“三农“问题,全面建设新延边,将起到积极的推进作用.     

基于接触分形理论的结合面切向接触刚度分形模型

以球体与平面接触时的切向接触刚度以及粗糙平面接触的分形理论为基础 ,基于 3个假设 ,即粗糙表面的微观形貌各向同性 ,粗糙表面上各微凸体之间的相互作用可以忽略不计 ,各微凸体所受的力与其接触面积的大小成正比 ,从理论上提出了具有尺度独立性的结合面切向接触刚度分形模型 ,并进行了定性的实验验证 ,说明了该模型的正确性。     

春小麦高产叶龄模式的研究

本研究根据春小麦的叶龄进程，对水、肥、密等影响产量的主要因素进行优化组合，提出了旨在提高春小麦的产量及获得最佳效益的高产模式，为指导我国北方春小麦的生产提供了科学依据。     

Performance of CERES-Rice and CERES-Wheat models in rice–wheat systems: A review

Rice–wheat (RW) systems are critical to food security and livelihoods of rural and urban poor in south Asia and China, and to regional economies in southeast Australia. The sustainability of RW systems in south Asia is, however, threatened by yield stagnation or decline, and declining partial factor productivity, soil organic C and water availability. Crop models potentially offer a means to readily explore management options to increase yield, and to determine trade-off between yield, resource-use efficiency and environmental outcomes. This paper reviews the performance of CERES-Rice and CERES-Wheat in Asia and Australia in relation to their potential application towards increasing resource use efficiency and yield of RW systems.

The performance of the models was evaluated using simulated and observed data on anthesis and maturity dates, in-season LAI and growth, final grain yield and its components, and soil water and N balances from published studies across Asia and Australia, and then by computing the statistical parameters for the major characters. Over the four data sets examined for anthesis and six for maturity dates, CERES-Rice predicted those dates fairly well (normalised RMSE = 4–5%; D-index = 0.94–0.95), but over the 11 sets for grain and 4 for biomass yield, the predictions were more variable (normalised RMSE = 23% for both; D-index 0.90 and 0.76, for grain and biomass, respectively). Model performance was poorer under conditions of low N, water deficit, and low temperatures during the reproductive stages. Over the three data sets examined, CERES-Wheat predicted the anthesis and maturity dates quite well (normalised RMSE = 4–5%; D-index = 0.94–0.99), and over eight sets for grain and two sets for biomass yield the model predicted them also reasonably well (RMSE = 13–16%; D-index = 0.86–0.97). Only one study evaluated the DSSAT RW sequence model with fairly satisfactory predictions of rice and wheat yields over 20 years with adequate N, but not the long-term change in soil organic C and N. Predictions of in-season LAI and crop growth, and soil and water processes were quite limited to investigate the robustness of model processes.

Application of models to evaluate options to increase water and N use efficiency requires the ability to perform well at the margin where deficit stress begins. While both models generally perform satisfactorily under water and N non-limiting conditions, the little evidence available suggests that they do not perform well under resource-limiting situations. We recommend that the models’ key processes under the water and N limiting conditions be further evaluated urgently. The DSSAT sequence model also needs to be further evaluated against observations for a range of locations and management using data from long-term experiments in RW systems.