Resection cystoplasty of a squamous cell carcinoma in a mare

A 22‐year‐old Arabian mare was examined for evaluation of haematuria of 2 months' duration. Complete blood cell count and chemistry revealed anaemia of chronic disease (i.e. normocytic, normochromic) and hypoproteinaemia. Cystoscopy revealed a haemorrhagic mass protruding into the lumen of the urinary bladder in the apical region. The mass was surgically removed by partial cystectomy performed through a caudal ventral midline laparotomy. Histological examination of the mass confirmed the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma. Tumours of the equine urinary bladder are rare, and when a partial cystectomy is indicated, a caudal ventral midline laparotomy may provide adequate surgical exposure even in adult horses.     

人乳腺癌细胞、结肠癌细胞和宫颈癌细胞生长曲线测定

为检测比较人乳腺细胞(MDA-MB-231、MCF-7、HBL-100)、人结肠癌细胞(HCT-8)和人宫颈癌细胞(HeLa)生长曲线的差异性.本实验首先常规培养MDA-MB-231、MCF-7、HBL-100、HCT-8和HeLa细胞,然后应用MTT方法测定这几种细胞的生长曲线.在本实验条件下,这几种细胞生长速度从高...     

犬低分化鳞状细胞癌的病理特点

运用病理组织学方法,观察了3例犬低分化鳞癌的病理特点,结果显示,在犬低分化鳞状细胞癌组织中,癌细胞类似于棘细胞、基底细胞,癌组织中形成癌腔,在一些癌腔内可见角化不全细胞,无癌珠形成。癌腔是低分化鳞状细胞癌的病理特点之一,可作为诊断低分化鳞状细胞癌的依据。     

Treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma in a horse by surgical debulking followed by metronomic chemotherapy

A 19‐year‐old Quarter Horse gelding presented with a 6‐week history of hypersalivation, halitosis and dysmasesis. Oral examination revealed retention of food and saliva and the presence of a raised, nodular, 6 × 7 cm, ulcerated mass on the dorsal surface of the tongue base. The mass was confirmed histologically as squamous cell carcinoma. Complete resection of the mass was not possible and surgical laser debulking was followed 15 days later by chemotherapy with a combination of meloxicam and cyclophosphamide in metronomic regimen. After one week, there was a significant improvement in clinical signs and food consumption returned to normal. Therapy was well tolerated with no alteration in haematological or urinalysis parameters. After 5 months of excellent life quality, the horse showed progressive difficulties in mastication and swallowing. Endoscopic examination showed extension of the tumour to all the aboral aspect of the tongue and, with the owner's consent, the patient was subjected to euthanasia. This is believed to be the first report on the combined use of meloxicam and cyclophosphamide in a metronomic fashion for management of an oral squamous cell carcinoma in a horse. Since metronomic therapy is less expensive than conventional chemotherapy, easily administrable and well tolerated, it should be considered as a possible treatment option for nonresectable equine malignant tumours.     

Cellular localization of Visudyne® as a function of time after local injection in an in vivo model of squamous cell carcinoma: an investigation into tumor cell death

Objective To evaluate the effects of time on cellular localization of Visudyne^® after local injection. Animals Twenty athymic nude mice. Procedures A squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell line (A‐431) was injected into right and left dorsolumbar subcutaneous tissue of each mouse, representing treatment (T) and control (C) tumors. In experiment 1 (Exp 1; n = 10) and 2 (Exp 2; n = 10), the T tumors received a local injection of Visudyne^® (0.1 mg/cm³), and C tumors received an equal dose of 5% dextrose in water (D5W). Mice were randomly subdivided into two groups (A and B; n = 5 per group). Mice in Exp 1A and B were sacrificed 1 and 30 min after local injection, respectively. Experiment 1A and B tumors were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy to determine drug localization. Experiment 2A and B tumors were exposed to LED illumination 1 and 30 min after injection, respectively, and evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to determine ultrastructural tumor cell damage. Results Fluorescence was detected within the cytoplasm of T tumors in both Exp 1A and B. Significance was detected in fluorescence intensity between T1 min vs. T30 min (P = 0.03) and between T1 min and C1 min tumors (P = 0.01), respectively. Tumors in Exp 2A and B demonstrated evidence of apoptotic cell death. Conclusions Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated higher Visudyne^® concentration within SCC cytoplasm of 1 min compared with 30‐min tumors. Transmission electron microscopy results revealed that tumors treated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) within 30 min of local injection undergo cellular apoptosis.     

视黄酸及干扰素对胃癌细胞系MKN45中p16,p21,c-myc基因表达的影响

目的探讨全反式视黄酸及干扰素两种因子对胃癌MKN45细胞的影响.方法将视黄酸及干扰素同时加入胃癌细胞系MKN45中进行细胞培养,用MTT法测定细胞的生长状况,并通过Northern blot和免疫组化测定p16,p21及c-myc的表达情况.结果干扰素（IFN）协同全反式视黄酸（ATRA）可有效地抑制MKN45细胞生长,癌细胞经联合用药诱导后p16和p21基因的表达水平提高,c-myc基因表达水平下降.视黄酸受体RARα基因在MKN45细胞中呈低水平表达,经ATRA和IFN诱导后表达水平提高.结论 ATRA联合IFN诱导可调节p16和p21基因的表达水平,抑制胃癌MKN45细胞生长,这可能与细胞中RARα基因高水平表达有一定关系.     

p73a和血管内皮生长因子-C在子宫内膜癌发生发展过程中的作用

目的探讨p73a和血管内皮生长因子-C(VEGF-C)在子宫内膜癌发生发展过程中的作用。方法采用免疫组织化学S-P法检测正常子宫、增生期子宫、子宫内膜癌组织中p73a、VEGF-C蛋白表达。结果子宫内膜癌组织中p73a、VEGF-C表达阳性率明显高于正常、增生过长、不典型增生子宫内膜(P<0.01或0.05)。p73a表达与临床分期无关(P>0.05),而VEGF-C表达与临床分期、肌层浸润有关(P<0.01或0.05)。子宫内膜癌组织中p73a与VEGF-C表达呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。结论 p73a、VEGF-C在子宫内膜癌发生、发展中起重要作用,VEGF-C可作为预后判断指标。     

薯蓣丸加减方对鼻咽癌放疗患者EB病毒的影响

目的 观察薯蓣丸加减方对鼻咽癌放疗患者EB病毒的影响。方法 将60例鼻咽癌患者随机分为观察组和对照组各30例,观察组在放疗开始第1天给予口服薯蓣丸加减方治疗,对照组在开始放疗第1天给予康复新液治疗。观察两组治疗前后临床疗效、患者生活质量及EB病毒DNA水平。结果 治疗后观察组临床疗效及中医症候疗效均优于对照组(P＜0.05);两组生活质量均有明显改善(P＜0.05),观察组改善更为显著(P＜0.01);血浆EBV-DNA水平均较治疗前下降(P＜0.05),观察组下降更为显著(P＜0.01)。结论 薯蓣丸加减方对鼻咽癌放疗患者有较好的治疗作用,可提高患者生活质量,其作用机制可能与降低鼻咽癌患者血浆EBV-DNA水平有关。     

Highly metastatic ovarian yolk sac carcinoma in a rat

We investigated a highly metastatic ovarian yolk sac carcinoma in a 52-week-old female Crl:CD(SD) rat. Macroscopically, the present case had severe ascites, bilateral ovarian masses and numerous nodules in the abdominal and thoracic cavities. Histopathologically, these masses and nodules were generally composed of two types of cells mimicking a parietal and visceral yolk sac. The parietal cells were round to polygonal, contained eosinophilic droplets and were arranged in nests and cords in the eosinophilic matrix. Both the intracytoplasmic droplets and the matrix were stained positively with PAS. The visceral cells were cylindriform, and proliferated in papillary and tubular patterns and occasionally formed Shiller-Duval body-like structures. In the dissemination sites, the neoplastic cells proliferated on the surface of the various tissues and often infiltrated into deeper parts of the tissues. Immunohistochemically, both neoplastic cells were positive for α-fetoprotein and keratin, and the eosinophilic matrix was positive for laminin. Ultrastructurally, the parietal cells had dilated rough endoplasmic reticulums, which were filled with electron-lucent laminated structures. The visceral cells had poorly to moderately developed intracytoplasmic organelles and were interconnected with desmosomes. Taken together, the present tumor was diagnosed as yolk sac carcinoma arising from the ovary and was characterized by not only high metastasis but also invasive infiltration with biphasic proliferation of the parietal and visceral cells.     

Paraneoplastic leukocytosis in a dog with a renal carcinoma

A 7-year-old male German Shepherd dog in poor body condition had a 3-month history of intermittent hematuria. Nonregenerative anemia, mild leukocytosis, marked hypoalbuminemia, and hematuria were observed. Subsequently, marked neutrophilia and moderate monocytosis were noted; anemia, hypoalbuminemia, and hematuria persisted; and the dog developed disseminated intravascular coagulation. Ultrasonographic examination of the abdomen revealed the presence of an enlarged and irregularly shaped right kidney with a large area of cavitation, and a nephrectomy was performed 30 days after initial examination. Cytologic examination of fine-needle aspirates and imprints of the right kidney revealed a neoplastic cell population suggestive of renal carcinoma. The histopathologic diagnosis was chromophobic cystic-papillary renal carcinoma. The tumor cells expressed granulocytic/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), detected by immunohistochemical staining, and elaboration of GM-CSF by the tumor may have mediated the leukocytosis in this dog. Following excision of the tumor, neutrophil and monocyte counts were only mildly increased. The dog died 135 days after initial presentation, and a necropsy was not permitted. Paraneoplastic neutrophilic leukocytosis is an uncommon finding and may be caused by elaboration of CSF by neoplastic cells.