黄土高原废弃窑洞土地复垦的适宜性评价

采用FAO的土地适宜性评价方法,选择了有效土层厚度、土壤质地、土壤盐渍化程度、土壤污染程度、土壤有机质、土壤pH值、坡度和地表稳定性8项指标,对黄土高原沟壑区废弃窑洞土地复垦适宜性进行了评价.结果表明:胡同式废弃窑洞,除土壤有机质为中等适宜等级外,其余7项指标均达到非常适宜等级;靠崖式废弃窑洞的土壤有机质、土壤pH值、地表坡度、地表稳定性4项指标为中等适宜等级,其余4个评价指标均达非常适宜等级,两种类型的废弃窑洞均适宜进行土地复垦;土壤性质对两种类型的废弃窑洞的土地复垦均没有明显的限制,但在土地复垦工程和复垦后的土地利用中需要考虑改善土壤有机质的措施;地表坡度和地表稳定对胡同式废弃窑洞的土地复垦不存在限制性影响,但对靠崖式废弃窑洞的土地复垦存在一定的限制性影响,需要采取工程以及生物措施来改善地表坡度和塌陷对复垦后土地利用的不利影响.     

凌云洞穴鳅科鱼类新种的研究

洞穴鱼类多数栖息于由石灰岩、岩体经腐蚀逐渐发展成的溶洞。该次科学考察首次发现凌云洞穴鳅科鱼类新种——凌云平鳅。     

Population ecology and seasonal demography of the endangered grotto sculpin (Cottus specus)

Subterranean fishes are understudied worldwide and often at risk before their populations are discovered and described. The nature of karst systems limits the applicability of ecological paradigms and hinders our ability to identify and preserve endemic fauna. Aquatic karst taxa in particular are subject to environmental threats that increase in severity over time. Once a population or species is recognised as distinct, it is imperative we gain understanding of its biology to inform effective resource management and mitigate risk factors. The grotto sculpin (Cottus specus) is endemic to Perry County, Missouri, U.S. caves and was formally described and listed as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act in 2013. We used mark–recapture methods to quantify population densities and estimate population sizes in two caves and two corresponding spring branches. Size structure varied among habitats and seasons. Spring branches were dominated by juveniles year‐round with peak young‐of‐year (YOY) densities in May. Adult densities in both macrohabitats decreased in winter, possibly due to recruitment or seasonal stress, and were lower at spring branches compared to caves and declined further during late winter which may be indicative of cave spawning. YOY were captured variably underground with peak densities in summer. The ecology of grotto sculpin appears to be more complex than has been reported previously for subterranean fishes. Variable patterns of demography requiring multiple contiguous habitats are unique for cave species and support the recently substantiated suggestion that subterranean systems are not as simple or disconnected as once thought.     

坑、洞饲养中蜂的研究

利用土坑,土洞活底简易中蜂箱活框饲养中蜂,可明显改善箱内生态环境,延迟分蜂热的发生,维持较大的群势,坑内饲养表明可提高产蜜量和蜂群造脾数,并且能有效地抑制巢虫等虫害的活动。     

穴盘苗自动移栽机苗盘进给装置的设计与试验

目前,国内旱地使用的移栽机多数是半自动移栽机,主要由人工完成供苗、取苗、投苗工作,存在劳动强度大、效率较低等问题。为此,根据穴盘苗进给装置技术要求,设计了穴盘苗自动移栽机的苗盘进给装置,对其关键部件横向进给驱动机构和纵向送苗驱动机构进行分析和计算,确定了关键部件结构参数。并搭建试验台进行试验。结果表明:穴盘苗进给装置运行稳定,基本符合供苗功能要求,可为旱地穴盘苗自动移栽机的研究提供参考。     

利用杀鼠剂杀灭中华鼢鼠的试验研究

中华鼢鼠是高寒草地的主要害鼠，其数量多，分布广，危害严重。防治试验表明，药物灭鼠率达８０％，洞道吊投比洞道散比毒饵的灭鼠率高４％，胡萝卜比马铃薯毒饵灭鼠率高５％，大剂量灭鼠效果高于小剂量，灭鼠有效时期为每年５、６月。     

地下洞室支护方案有限元分析

为了既安全又经济地选择惠州抽水蓄能电站地下厂房的支护方案，对地下洞室开挖过程进行三维有限元分析，并根据计算结果选择支护方案，再对支护方案进行综合方案比较分析，研究了喷混凝土、锚杆等支护措施对围岩的加固作用，得到了一些对设计及后续施工有指导意义的有益结论。     

海子水牛的保种与开发利用

从海子水牛的品种特性、发展历史出发,客观地分析了海子水牛保种的必要性,根据保种选育工作进展情况,详细制定了海子水牛的保种育种技术方案,并对如何开发利用这一品种资源进行了探讨。     

海拉尔东山达乌尔黄鼠洞穴结构与利用

2011 年5耀10 月在内蒙古呼伦贝尔市海拉尔东山,对达乌尔黄鼠的12 个未哺乳达乌尔黄鼠洞穴进行挖 掘和测量结果显示,达乌尔黄鼠洞穴有临时洞夏季洞”和居住洞冬眠洞两种洞穴的洞口朝向一般为西北或东 北方向临时洞的结构较简单多数只有一个洞口曰冬眠洞的结构较复杂冬眠洞的洞口光滑洞口宽度一般为6,9 cm洞口近处的洞道斜向下方,然后急转向下近乎垂直接着斜行一段入巢洞穴深度多为90,100 cm洞穴总长为 110,126 cm分叉较少洞道中部的巢穴形状扁平。巢穴中絮有碎草,塑料,泡沫等。巢穴附近有厕所,大多数达乌尔 黄鼠洞穴有盲洞,盲洞位于离洞口30,60 cm 处     

阿拉善高原南缘额日布盖丹霞地貌及成因研究

以实地考察成果和有关资料为依据,研究了阿拉善高原南缘山地额日布盖峡谷丹霞地貌及成因。额日布盖是龙首山中一条峡谷,发育了以"千佛洞"式丹霞崖壁、普遍的风化壁龛、"宝塔"式石峰、崩积石等地貌形态组合为特征的典型丹霞地貌。其发育过程经历了中生代山间盆地红色碎屑堆积阶段,第四纪早期侵蚀、崩塌成谷阶段,第四纪中期物理风化、后期以干寒风化和风蚀改造为主的发育过程。研究区"千佛洞"式丹霞为丹霞地貌增添了新的类型,丹霞崖壁上"风化壁龛"发育,也为地貌发育过程提供了新标本。