基于多元统计分析的茄衣烟叶生产气候资源配置

为探究茄衣烟叶生产中的气候资源配置情况,以“云雪1号”品种为试验材料,通过调整移栽期以改变烟株生育期内的气候指标,采用多元统计分析法研究茄衣烟叶的气候资源配置及其对烟株农艺性状及发酵后烟叶化学成分的影响。相关性分析结果显示,烟株大田期的积温、≥10 ℃有效积温、总降水量与总温差对烟株农艺性状各指标的影响较大,其相关系数分布范围为0.478~0.939,而积温、≥10 ℃有效积温、平均气温对烟叶总糖、烟碱、总氮、蛋白质含量影响较大,其相关系数分布范围为-0.955~-1.000。采用因子分析的方法在8项气候指标中提取出气候积累因子与湿度因子2个主因子,进一步通过灰色关联分析得出上述二者分别是影响烟株农艺性状和烟叶常规化学成分的主因子。以上结果表明,确定茄衣烟株移栽期的主要气候因子依据为大田生育期的气温、降水量和相对湿度的综合配置。     

南京地区葡萄避雨栽培条件下‘H’型整形及根域限制栽培技术

本文介绍了葡萄在避雨栽培条件下‘H’型整形及根域限制栽培技术在南京地区的应用情况,总结了主要的栽培技术措施,包括建园、棚架搭建、土肥水管理、整形修剪、花果管理、病虫害防治、采收包装等。     

模糊向量空间的不变子空间

引进模糊向量空间的不变子空间的定义,研究了在模糊变换下的模糊向量空间的不变子空间的性质.     

湖南省退耕还林工程社会经济效益调查研究

调查结果显示：①农户家庭总收入和净收入退耕后2004年,分别增长41．54％、62．95％,且退耕后农户家庭收入结构也发生了一定的变化;②农户家庭生活和文化消费总支出退耕后2004年增长率分别为37．28％、51．17％,且退耕后农户家庭的生活和文化消费支出结构也发生了一定的变化;③恩格尔系数退耕后2004年下降了3．56％,说明退耕后农民的生活水平得到了进一步提高;④农户家庭就医率和适龄儿童入学率上升到了退耕后2004年的84.5％、97．8％;⑤生态环境建设在我省干部和农户心目中的地住逐渐提高,说明生态环境建设在我省干部和群众中奠定了坚实的民意基础,产生了较为深远的影响力。     

A proposal for enhanced EU herbage VCU and DUS testing procedures

Herbage production is regarded as having environment-friendly credentials. However, as the ruminant production it supports is facing major challenges on sustainability, environmental footprint and human health concerns, EU herbage cultivar testing must contribute to the solutions. Before new cultivars can be sold in a member state (MS) and gain EU-wide marketing, they must pass official tests to prove they are both novel (distinct, uniform and stable, DUS) with improved value for cultivation and use (VCU). Herbage species present specific challenges, as their allogamy imposes a wide within-cultivar variation that adds complexity to DUS tests and their “value” is only realized in ruminant produce. Current VCU systems measure production, chemical composition and disease/stress tolerances, often on large numbers of candidate cultivars, but prohibitive labour costs and logistics mean that animal intake, ruminant output or environmental benefits cannot be measured directly. Furthermore, some candidate cultivars with proven superior VCU fail DUS even though the non-distinct comparison is with a significantly lower performing registered cultivar. To resolve these problem cases, a “vmDUS” distinctness tool is proposed, which uses molecular markers but conforms to UPOV-declared principles. A short overview of current grassland research shows smart proxy measures of animal value can easily and quickly be adopted into an integrated pan-European (EU-VCU) test network. The proposed EU-VCU scheme will reallocate test resources to conduct these additional tests by placing MS in data sharing collaborations, while retaining their national listing authority. The benefits to all stakeholders from adopting these new testing procedures are considered.     

贵州省易地扶贫搬迁的动力机制调查研究——以织金县和思南县为例

易地扶贫搬迁工作已顺利开展多年,贵州省农民因此受益,但搬迁后如何保障农民生计问题变得尤为重要。通过分析贵州省牛场镇和塘头镇易地扶贫搬迁的实战经验,发现贵州易地扶贫搬迁中存在多动力协调推进、动力主体多元化、扶贫方式多样化、配套措施及时落实的动力机制,两地在搬迁中的共性为:选址科学、发展特色经济、推进配套政策。     

若干家蚕品种的复壮及比较试验

对浙江省夏秋蚕品种薪杭,白云,丰1和54A等进行了充血复壮改良,基本稳定后的复壮系与现行生产系进行了生产性能的比较试验。结果表明复壮系在各项性状都有一定的提高,其中龄期经过,各品种的复壮系与生产系之间差别不大,只有薪杭丙和白云丙稍有延长。全茧量和茧层量基本上复壮系都比生产系有所提高。生命率差异比较大,奠中薪杭的复壮系低下生产系,差异达到显著水平,白云复壮系略微低于白云甲,但高于白云乙,丰1的复壮系与生产系无明显差异,54A则是复壮系高于生产系。良卵数除薪杭丙比薪杭甲略低外,其他品种的复壮系都比生产系显著提高,有的甚至达到极显著水平。说明复壮系在生产性能上有较大的改良,有一定的推广应用价值。     

基于三阶段DEA模型的广东省财政支农效率评价与政策研究

[目的]分析广东省财政支农现状及问题,评价财政支农效率,为广东省提升财政支农资金使用效率及农业高质量发展提出政策建议.[方法]运用三阶段DEA模型对广东省2000—2018年及20个市2010—2018年的财政支农效率进行测度.[结果]广东省整体财政支农效率呈现出下降趋势,纯技术效率较高,但规模效率较低导致综合效率不高...     

秭归县退耕还林水源涵养效益计量

林地是森林水源涵养效益的主体,通过对秭归县10种退耕还林模式的土壤物理性状和林地水源涵养效益的研究,结果表明:(1)退耕还林后土壤总孔隙度增加4·3%~20·2%,除柏木林外,非毛管孔隙度增加6·8%~494·2%;(2)退耕还林后土壤饱和蓄水量增加5·7%~118·8%,非毛管蓄水量为坡耕地的2·58~19·13倍;(3)秭归县退耕还林森林土壤的蓄水量为171·6万m3/a,是相似立地条件下农耕地的3·21倍。     

Amelioration of a highly degraded tropical alfisol by planting I. Changes in soil physical and chemical properties 1989-91

This paper examines soil amelioration by planting 15 leguminous and graminaceous plant species, including herbaceous annuals, perennials and biennials, and woody perennials and biennials. Disturbed and undisturbed natural regrowth were planted with leguminous species, in some cases with fertilizer applied at planting (400 kg ha⁻¹ of 15:15:15 NPK). The studies were made on two highly degraded sites in southwestern Nigeria which had been subjected to intensive mechanized cropping for a period of 10 years. Changes in soil physical and chemical properties were monitored from 1989 to 1991. Acacia difficilis, Brachiaria lata and Mucuna utilis had the lowest survival rates by the following growing season. Soil fertility and compaction levels differed between sites. Planting had no effect on the latter. The decreases in compaction (i.e. macroporosity) between 0.00 and 0.10 m depth at both sites one month before and five and 17 months after planting were 43, 59 and 61 per cent, respectively were attributed to exclusion of heavy machinery from the sites. Large decreases in fertility occurred at both sites and were attributed to a combination of nutrient extraction and to leaching. Between fallow species, exchangeable Ca, pH and the cation-exchange capacity (CEC) were greater and total acids lower for herbaceous cover compared with woody perennials, and was attributed to a higher Ca demand by the latter. Highest and lowest values of Ca, CEC and pH occurred in plots where plant material was returned to the soil (i.e. by cutting or die-back) and in cropped plots, respectively. Natural regrowth was as effective or better than planted species in improving soil physical and chemical properties. Therefore the use of exotic plant species for ameliorating highly degraded alfisols is unnecessary. Amelioration of highly degraded alfisols may be best effected by allowing natural regrowth to occur while excluding all mechanized traffic from the site.