Mineral control of carbon pools in a volcanic soil horizon

The aim of this study was to characterize carbon sequestration by mineralogical control at the scale of a volcanic soil horizon. We adapted the classical density fractionation procedure and focused on the heavy fractions (> 1.9), which we divided into eight organomineral fractions. We characterized them simultaneously through non-destructive mineralogical analyses (XRD and NMR of Al and Si) and organic carbon analyses. The results showed that the largest proportion (82.6%) of organic matter in the horizon was associated with minerals in organomineral complexes. Imogolite type materials bound 6-fold more OM than anorthoclase, and 3.5-fold more OM than iron oxides. In addition, we observed a degree of polymerization of imogolite type materials that was midway between that of allophane and Al in Al-humus complexes. In conclusion, the results of this density fractionation combined with a mineralogical approach suggested that OM in the heavy fractions could be divided into several pools depending on the nature of the minerals.     

Genetic diversity of Populus euphratica populations in northwestern China determined by RAPD DNA analysis

Five Populus euphratica Oliver populations in northwestern China were analyzed using RAPD DNA markers to determine genetic diversity among and within populations. One hundred-and-five polymorphic bands were observed, ranging in size from 250 bp to 1700 bp, using 10 primers. Only one population on the north side of the Tianshern Range had a unique band common to all individuals that was not found in individuals from populations in the Tarim River valley. Intra-population genetic diversity was high in two populations along the Tarim River and low in the other three populations. There was no significant correlation between genetic distances and geographic distances. The result of correspondence analysis shows that the individuals from the three populations with low genetic diversity are isolated from each other. The result of cluster analysis based on genetic distance shows that the population in the Tianshern Range is genetically distant from the other populations. These results suggest that the Tianshern Range population was genetically isolated from the other populations.     

中国荒漠化防治国际合作历程与展望

荒漠化面积占全球陆地面积1/4,影响了全球1/5的人口,直接危及全球粮食和生态安全,导致饥饿和贫困,阻碍发展和经济增长。应对荒漠化挑战是人类共同的责任,需要国际社会共同努力。中国政府高度重视荒漠化防治,中共十八大以来生态文明建设被提升至前所未有的高度。文中通过重点分析中国荒漠化防治国际合作的发展历程、现状、趋势和展望,旨在为出境机构及企事业单位更好地参与当地相关产业的合作与发展,推进防治荒漠化技术“走出去”、“‘一带一路’绿色发展联盟”建设、“一带一路”国际科学组织联盟建设以及加强跨境生态合作提供参考依据。     

鸡公山国家级自然保护区散孔材、环孔材树种木质部结构和功能的关系

  目的  木质部解剖结构是植物水力功能和水分利用策略的基础。散孔材和环孔材的导管分布和形态存在显著差异,对2种材性树种木质部解剖结构和水力功能的关系进行比较,有助于理解不同材性树种的水分适应机制。  方法  选取河南省信阳市鸡公山自然保护区中的3个散孔材树种(枫香Liquidambar formosana、旱柳Salix matsudana、深山含笑Michelia maudiae)和3个环孔材树种(槲树Quercus dentata、楝Melia azedarach、野核桃Juglans cathayensis),研究2种材性树种的枝水力功能(比导率和栓塞抗性)和解剖结构的关系。  结果  3个环孔材树种比导率更大,3个散孔材树种栓塞抗性更强;在物种水平上,只有散孔材树种深山含笑比导率和栓塞抗性呈显著负相关(P＜0.05),存在水力效率-安全权衡。3种散孔材树种相较于3种环孔材树种具有更大的导管密度、导管壁厚度跨度比和更小的导管直径、导管壁厚度。  结论  环孔材树种倾向于通过增大导管直径显著提高其输水效率,从而避免水势下降、降低潜在栓塞风险。散孔材树种木质部结构中的导管壁厚度和导管壁厚度跨度比对植物水分传输功能具有重要影响。图5表1参32     

Carbon and Nitrogen Contents in Typical Plants and Soil Profiles in Yanqi Basin of Northwest China

Carbon and nitrogen are the most important elements in the terrestrial ecosystem. Studying carbon and nitrogen distributions in plant and soil is important for our understanding of the ecosystem dynamics and carbon cycle on arid lands. A study was conducted in a typical arid area, the Yanqi Basin, Northwest China. Carbon and nitrogen distributions in plant tissues and soil profiles were determined at 21 sites with typical native plants and crops. Our results indicated that carbon content was similar between crops and native plants, and the average carbon contents in aboveground （42.4%） and belowground （42.8%） tissues were almost the same. Average nitrogen contents in crops were nearly the same （~0.7%） in aboveground and belowground tissues whereas mean nitrogen content was approximately 100% higher in aboveground （2.2%） than in belowground （1.2%） tissues for native species. Soil organic carbon （SOC） and total nitrogen （TN） in cropland （9.4 and 0.9 g kg^-1） were significantly higher than those in native land （6.2 and 0.7 g kg^-1）. Multiple regression analyses indicated that carbon content in belowground tissue and nitrogen content in aboveground tissue were key factors connecting plant and soil in native land. However, there was no significant relationship for carbon or nitrogen between soil and crop, which might reflect human disturbance, such as plowing and applications of various organic materials.     

以外籍副主编对英文摘要的编校分析英文摘要中的常见错误

通过分析《干旱区科学(Journal of Arid Land)》近5年来以英语为母语的外籍副主编对英文摘要的编校,总结了作者在撰写科技论文英文摘要中常出现的主要问题和错误,并提出了一些提高科技期刊英文编辑英文编校水平的建议。     

伊犁察南灌区土壤盐分时空变异特征与运移机理研究

以伊犁河谷察南灌区为研究区,运用磁感式电导率快速获取技术及室内分析相结合手段,通过构建盐分解译模型,获取2015年及2016年秋季0~30 cm、30~60 cm、60~100 cm土壤盐分含量。对土壤各土层进行了盐渍化分级统计和半方差函数分析及空间插值分析。对研究区高程信息进行提取,并通过调查河流影响范围对河流进行缓冲区分析。旨在构建适用于研究区及同类型灌区磁感式盐渍土地快速精量诊断评估与利用规划技术体系,了解干旱、半干旱区灌溉农田土盐时空变异特征,并对土盐时空运移机理进行研究。初步研究表明,相比于2015年秋季,2016年秋季研究区非盐化土面积显著减小,中度盐化土面积显著增加,非盐化土、轻度盐化土呈现向中度盐化土演变的趋势;研究区土壤盐分呈现向中部及东部区域运移的趋势,盐化土面积增加,且盐分含量均值增大;另外,在空间大尺度范围上,河流是影响土盐运移的主要影响因素,在局域小尺度范围内,地势是影响土盐运移的主要影响因素。     

新疆古尔班通古特沙漠生物结皮绿藻研究

通过对古尔班通古特沙漠中39块样地253份生物结皮土样的分析,研究了古尔班通古特沙漠中绿藻的区系组成、生态分布特点和结皮不同发育阶段绿藻的种类组成的动态变化.结果表明:该沙漠中有绿藻门植物10科14属26种,其中以单细胞种类占优势;绿藻在该沙漠不同地貌部位的分布,以背风坡的种数最多(9种),迎风坡、丘间低地和垄顶逐渐降低;在结皮的不同层次中,绿藻主要分布在结皮层,而在结皮层以下种类很少;在生物结皮的几个不同发育阶段中,绿藻的物种多样性差别不大,其种类组成略有差别.     

Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with desert ephemerals in plant communities of Junggar Basin,northwest China

Colonization by and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi associated with five common ephemerals, Eremopyrum orientale (L.) Jaub. et Spach., Gagea sacculifera Regel., Plantago minuta Pall., Tragopogon kasahstanicus S. Nikit., and Trigonella arcuata C. A. Mey. were investigated in four typical desert plant communities in Junggar Basin, northwest China. All five ephemerals examined were found to be colonized and formed typical arbuscules or vesicles. The proportion of root length colonized ranged from 2 to 85% with an average of 19%. Spore density in soil near the roots of different ephemerals varied from 1 to 120 spores per 20 ml soil, with an average value of 33 spores. Species richness averaged 8.8 AM fungal species in soil near the roots and ranged from 2 to 21. Fifty-four AM fungal taxa belonging to the genera Acaulospora, Archaeospora, Entrophospora, Glomus and Paraglomus were isolated and identified from soil around the roots. Glomus was the dominant AM fungal genus with a frequency of 100% and relative abundance of 82.6%. The AM fungal species with the highest frequency of occurrence was Glomus aggregatum with a frequency of 75%. G. microaggregatum was present in the highest relative abundance (16%). G. sacculifera, P. minuta and T. arcuata formed Arum-type mycorrhizas. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are ubiquitous and Arum-type mycorrhizas are especially prevalent in these important desert communities used for grazing and traditional medicine.     

棉花膜下滴灌盐分动态及平衡研究

在南疆气候条件下．研究了膜下滴灌盐分动态变化及平衡．结果表明：在南疆，棉花苗期时，土壤盐分开始分区，盐分在膜间0～40cm强烈聚集，膜下盐分变化不大，而且在覆膜的作用下发生侧向运移，移向膜间，加剧了膜间的盐分累积；棉花生育期结束后．土壤0～60cm盐分都有增加．在膜间0～20cm盐分强烈累积；灌水量为345mm的处理盐分增加明显，积盐率高达．94．5％，其增加的盐分主要来自下边界土壤水分上行所带来的盐分，占盐分增加量的57％．而灌水量505mm处理增加的盐分主要来自灌溉水所携带的盐分，占81％．若不考虑灌溉水的矿化度，膜下滴灌土壤盐分的积盐率只有13．8％。