竹类一新种及一些新组合和新分布

本文报道了竹亚科苦竹属一新种,它被命名为花石竹,产于中国湖南省。对一些栽培变种做了新组合,补充了新分布。     

Effect of solution pH of cysteine-based pre-treatments to prevent browning of fresh-cut artichokes

Fresh-cut artichokes were treated with cysteine in the form of aqueous solutions of l-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate at 0.5% (w/v) normal pH 2.2 adjusted to different pH values with NaOH (from 2 to 7). General appearance and colour measurements during storage at 5 °C showed different degrees of suppression of darkening on cut surfaces. Cysteine pre-treatments caused an increase in the yellow index (b* value) of fresh-cut artichokes compared to untreated samples, which was more pronounced at lower pH (47.9 versus the initial value of 28.3 after 1 day). Artichokes treated at lower pH values also had a lower appearance score and higher PPO activity than artichokes treated at higher values, closer to neutrality. Starting from 3 days of storage a negative correlation between solution pH and PPO activity was also observed, that for artichokes treated with cysteine at pH 7 was lower than for control samples. l-cysteine pre-treatments did not affect total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of fresh-cut artichokes, which showed an increasing pattern after 8 days. These data may represent an important step in prevention of browning in fresh-cut artichokes.     

川西北草原鼠荒地治理技术研究

对四川省阿坝州若尔盖县鼠荒地采取“害鼠控制+围栏封育+禁牧+整地施肥+草种补播” 的综合治理措施,并于治理前(2017 年)和治理后(2018—2020 年),采用堵洞开洞法调查高原鼠兔 (Ochotona curzoniae)有效洞口数量,利用植物群落调查法调查植物群落结构和植物物种多样性,分析治理后高原鼠兔相对种群密度、植物群落结构和植物物种多样性的变化。结果显示：治理后第 1 年、第 2 年和第 3 年 ,高原鼠兔有效洞口数分别减少了 90. 4%、90. 6% 和 64. 7%;植物种类分别增加了 60. 0%、40. 0% 和 35. 0%;植被平均高度分别增加了 437. 3%、441. 0% 和 442. 2%;植被盖度增幅分别为 153. 6%、152. 0% 和 140. 8%;平均鲜草产量分别达到 15 862. 5、15 007. 5 和 12 547. 5 kg/hm2 ,比治理前分别增加了 272. 2%、252. 0% 和 194. 3%;丰富度指数 、Shannon ‐Wiener 指数 、Simpson 指数和 Pielou 指数在治理 1 年后分别增加了 60. 0%、26. 0%、11. 6% 和 8. 9%,治理 2 年后分别增加了 40. 0%、 27. 6%、13. 3% 和 14. 7%,治理 3 年后分别增加了 35. 0%、27. 9%、13. 6% 和 16. 3%。该综合治理措施有效地提高了试验区植被的高度、盖度和地上生物量,增加了物种丰富度和多样性指,改变了植物群落结构,降低了高原鼠兔种群密度。     

香笋竹人工培育技术及产业化开发方案研究

香笋竹是云南特产优质笋用竹种,也是箭竹属中秆型较大和分布海拔较低的一种。由于具有鲜笋品质优良、抗寒性强、秋季发笋等特点,开发价值较高。文中报道了香笋竹基本生物学特性和人工培育技术试验的阶段性成果,提出和论述了产业化开发方案。     

Altitudinal patterns of the flora of seed plants of Dawei Mountain in Yunnan Province, south China

Altitudinal gradient incorporates multiple resource gradients, which vary continuously in different fashions. It is important to study the mountain floristic patterns along altitudinal gradients, which reveal the regular pattern of the flora along the environmental gradients, the changing trend of biodiversity patterns along the altitudinal gradient, and relevance of biological fitness. To explore the compositional characteristics and ecological significance of floristic patterns along altitudinal gradient in China National Nature Reserve of Dawei Mountain in the southeast of Yunnan Province, field investigations have been made to the flora along the two routes of the southwest slope and the northeast slope of the said reserve, including a vertical vegetation transect. Meanwhile, further investigations have also been made to the flora of Dawei Mountain, which has been accounted for in the literature, as Flora Yunnan, The Seed Plant in Yunnan, and so on. The structural characteristics of the flora and the altitudinal distribution pattern of its floristic components were analyzed. By applying systematic cluster analysis, the altitudinal position of the dividing line of floristic changes along altitudinal gradient was detected, and the effects of the montane climate on the vertical variation of floristic composition were studied. Conclusions were put forward. This paper can be summarized as follows: (1) The obvious boundary that differentiates tropical floristic elements is located at the altitude of approximately 1,500 m; it is reasonable to stipulate the boundary line between tropical rain forests and the evergreen broad-leaved forests. (2) The vertical vegetation spectrum made by cluster analysis shows that humid rain forests are below 700 m a.s.l, montane rain forests are between 700 and 1,500 m, monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forests are between 1,300 and 1,800 m, and montane mossy evergreen broad-leaved forests are above 1,800 m a.s.l. Nonrepresentative montane mossy dwarf forests (above 2,100 m) in the area are distributed in windward sides and in barren land on the mountain slopes. __________ Translated from Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2005, 29(6): 894–900 [译自: 植物生态学报]     

昆明掌鸠河引水工程云龙水库库区水源林保护与经营对策

正在建设的云龙水库是昆明市掌鸠河引水工程的核心工程,对昆明的建设和经济发展意义重大。通过对掌鸠河流域自然环境及云龙水库工程的介绍,分析了云龙水库库区水源林的基本格局,指出了该区现有森林作为水源林功能转变存在的主要问题。据此,提出了科学划分水源地治理和保护区域、建设结构合理的水源涵养林,以及建立有效的水源林生态补偿机制等的一系列保护和经营对策,为云南省高原湖泊水源林的保护和经营奠定了基础。     

云南玉山竹属新植物

本文发表了产于云南的攘攘竹、粉竹等2个新种。她们产于中国云南省西部,并生于沼泽地     

云南主要核桃品种的ISSR分子鉴别

以核桃当年萌发的新叶为材料,在建立了良好的反应体系基础上,筛选出8条引物对云南省11个主要栽培和推广的核桃品种进行了ISSR分子标记研究。结果表明:8个ISSR引物共检测出位点102个,其中多态性位点62个,占60.78%,参试样品具有较高的多态比率;用其中的两条引物建立了11个品种的指纹图谱,并可用之鉴别参试品种;POPGENE 32软件的计算结果有效等位基因数、基因的多样性和Shannon信息指数分别为1.370 7,0.214 3和0.321 6,供试的云南核桃品种在分子水平上存在比较丰富的遗传变异。     

一种确定林业发展项目的有效工具(英文)

在云南省绿春县的有些村庄,由砍柴造成的森林破坏是造成环境退化的主要原因。在黑河流域的上游,不断加剧的水土流失和河床抬升对下游上百万的人们构成威胁。尽管人们对森林破坏和土地的可持续利用、社区可持续发展之间的关系不是不了解,但当生存压力存在的时候就会忽略由此造成的对未来的影响。对于村民来说,他们已经意识到了他们的生存状况,并讨论解决的有效途径,而不是单纯等待外界的援助和干预。问题的关键是如何将这些变化和影响以一种直观和形象的方式向村民解释,并且让包括文盲在内的所有人都能理解。从这方面考虑,图形的东西比文字和数字分析更有优势。本文采用MIGIS(移动交互式地理信息系统的英文缩写,它包括两部分的内容,即PLA-参与式学习和行动和GIS-地理信息系统)在云南省绿春县哈尼族村寨来协助进行村民自发的造林规划。图6表1参16。