3%卵磷脂·维生素E对草甘膦的增效作用及在植物体内吸收与传导的影响

为明确助剂3%卵磷脂·维生素E (商品名为安融乐^?,AnnGro^?)对草甘膦的增效作用及其在植物体内的吸收与传导的影响,以空心莲子草Alternanthera philoxeroides为试验材料,通过生物测定计算了安融乐^?分别与2种草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂(商品名分别为“发达”和“农达”)混用后的ED₅₀值和ED₉₀值,以及药液表面张力和药液与叶面的接触角;利用同位素示踪技术测定了¹⁴C-草甘膦在空心莲子草体内的吸收与传导。结果表明:与草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂单用相比,安融乐^?与2种草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂混用后空心莲子草的死亡时间均提前1 d;ED₅₀值和ED₉₀值分别降低34.9%、21.4%和35.9%、23.3%;药液表面张力和药液与叶面的接触角均显著降低。处理4 d后,¹⁴C-草甘膦+安融乐?处理的空心莲子草体内的¹⁴C-草甘膦总吸收量、在植物体内总传导...     

新饲料添加剂N，O-羧甲基壳聚糖的急性毒性研究

【目的】研究N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖对鸡的急性毒性,评价该药的安全性;【方法】以最大浓度的N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖(10.5%),按20ml/(kg·bw)(2.1g/(kg·bw)/次)剂量24h内给鸡灌服;【结果】给药后连续观察7天,各组试验鸡全部存活,临床、剖检均未见到异常变化,测不出LD50,根据新药审批办法中关于急性毒性的要求,进行最大耐受量的测定。鸡灌服给予N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖的最大耐受量为10.5g/(kg·bw),相当于临床拟用量的3500倍;【结论】N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖毒副作用很小,临床可以安全应用。     

水稻条纹叶枯病(Rice stripe)暴发原因及其防治对策

水稻条纹叶枯病自20世纪90年代末以来在江苏全省大面积发生，现已成为江苏省水稻生产上发生最为严重的病害之一。分析其暴发原因：灰飞虱虫量和带毒率高；耕作栽培制度有利于发病；水稻品种不抗病等。通过调查试验明确了：利用锐劲特等药剂进行稻种处理；适当推迟水稻播栽期；选用抗耐病品种等措施的主要防治对策。     

不同灌溉方式对水稻需水量和生长的影响

利用桶栽试验,研究了在不同灌溉方式及不同蒸发渗漏处理下的水稻需水量和对水稻生长的影响。结果表明:水稻以拔节孕穗期需水强度最高,无水层、干干湿湿和70%水分处理需水量分别比有水层处理减少42.5%、51.3%和57.6%;水稻叶面蒸腾量、棵间蒸发量与田间渗漏量占总耗水量的百分比分别为60.1%、16.4%和23.5%;干干湿湿处理水分利用率达到1.6 kg/m3,叶片光合速率最大,收获指数最高,从节水和增效的角度看,以干干湿湿灌溉最佳。     

Estimation irrigation water requirements with derived crop coefficients for upland and paddy crops in ChiaNan Irrigation Association,Taiwan

Field experiments were performed at the HsuehChia Experimental Station from 1993 to 2001 to calculate the reference and actual crop evapotranspiration, derived the crop coefficient, and collected requirements input data for the CROPWAT irrigation management model to estimate the irrigation water requirements of paddy and upland crops at the ChiaNan Irrigation Association, Taiwan. For corn, the estimated crop coefficients were 0.40, 0.78, 0.89 and 0.71 in the initial, crop development, mid-season and late-season stages, respectively. Meanwhile, the estimated crop coefficients for sorghum were 0.44, 0.71, 0.87 and 0.62 in the four stages, respectively. Finally, for soybean, the estimated crop coefficients were 0.45, 0.89, 0.92 and 0.58 in the four stages, respectively. With implementation of REF-ET model and FAO 56 Penman–Monteith method, the annual reference evapotranspiration was 1268 mm for ChiaNan Irrigation Association.In the paddy fields, the irrigation water requirements and deep percolation are 962 and 295 mm, respectively, for the first rice crop, and 1114 and 296 mm for the second rice crop. Regarding the upland crops, the irrigation water requirements for spring and autumn corn are 358 and 273 mm, respectively, compared to 332 and 366 mm for sorghum, and 350 and 264 mm for soybean. For the irrigated scheme with single and double rice cropping patterns in the ChiaNan Irrigation Association, the CROPWAT model simulated results indicate that the annual crop water demands are 507 and 1019 mm, respectively, and the monthly water requirements peaked in October at 126 mm and in January at 192 mm, respectively.     

长江江苏段岸线及岸线资源综合评

通过长江江苏段河道的演变，评价了江苏长江岸线的确定性及岸线资源条件,分析了长江江苏段岸线资源开发利用现状及存在问题，提出了岸线利用原则。在长江江苏段岸线利用过程中，还存在河势不稳定，布局不合理，重大岸线开发工程缺乏足够的科学论证和水污染严重等问题，提出遵照河道演变规律开发岸线，保护河岸工程的安全，制定权威的岸线功能区划和开发利用规划，实行岸线有偿使用。根据河岸水质污染与河床特点合理布置引水口和排污口，提高引水质量。     

基于牧户视角的中国西部牧区草地保护建设外部性分析

作为西部牧区草地保护建设的微观主体,牧户是草地保护建设的真正实施者,在草地保护建设中发挥着重要的作用.如何充分发挥牧户草地保护建设的主动性和自觉性,是草地保护建设战略目标实现的关键所在.然而,草地资源作为准公共物品,具有强烈的正外部性.正确认识牧户草地保护建设的外部性,进而采取相应的内部化措施,将有利于提高牧户草地保护...     

Mining Applicable Elite Alleles of Growth Duration,Plant Height and Panicle Number per Plant by Conditional QTL Mapping in Japonica Rice

Unconditional and conditional QTL mapping were conducted for growth duration (GD), plant height (PH) and effective panicle number per plant (PN) using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between two japonica rice varieties Xiushui 79 and C Bao. The RIL population consisted of 254 lines was planted in two environments, Nanjing and Sihong, Jiangsu Province, China. Results showed that additive effects were major in all of QTLs for GD, PH and PN detected by the two methods, and the e...     

南京市大山村旅游开发探析

就南京市高淳县大山村的旅游开发进行论述，分析了大山村的现状，对开发过程提出了设想及建议。     

Different roles of rhizosphere effect and long-term fertilization in the activity and community structure of ammonia oxidizers in a calcareous fluvo-aquic soil

Ammonia oxidation is a critical step in the soil nitrogen (N) cycle and can be affected by the application of mineral fertilizers or organic manure. However, little is known about the rhizosphere effect on the function and structure of ammonia-oxidizing bacterial (AOB) and archaeal (AOA) communities, the most important organisms responsible for ammonia oxidation in agricultural ecosystems. Here, the potential nitrification activity (PNA), population size and composition of AOB and AOA communities in both the rhizosphere and bulk soil from a long-term (31-year) fertilizer field experiment conducted during two seasons (wheat and maize) were investigated using the shaken slurry method, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. N fertilization greatly enhanced PNA and AOB abundance, while manure application increased AOA abundance. The community structure of AOB exhibited more obvious shifts than that of AOA after long-term fertilization, resulting in more abundant AOB phylotypes similar to Nitrosospira clusters 3 and 4 in the N-fertilized treatments. Moreover, PNA was closely correlated with the abundance and community structure of AOB rather than that of AOA among soils during both seasons, indicating that AOB play an active role in ammonia oxidation. Conversely, the PNA and population sizes of AOB and AOA were typically higher in the rhizosphere than the bulk soil, implying a significant rhizosphere effect on ammonia oxidation. Cluster and redundancy analyses further showed that this rhizosphere effect played a more important role in shaping AOA community structure than long-term fertilization. Overall, the results indicate that AOB rather than AOA functionally dominate ammonia oxidation in the calcareous fluvo-aquic soil, and that rhizosphere effect and fertilization regime play different roles in the activity and community structures of AOB and AOA.