首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   149篇
  免费   7篇
  国内免费   18篇
林业   2篇
农学   10篇
基础科学   22篇
  117篇
综合类   7篇
农作物   6篇
畜牧兽医   1篇
植物保护   9篇
  2024年   3篇
  2023年   10篇
  2022年   8篇
  2021年   12篇
  2020年   15篇
  2019年   10篇
  2018年   9篇
  2017年   4篇
  2016年   14篇
  2015年   11篇
  2014年   6篇
  2013年   6篇
  2012年   13篇
  2011年   11篇
  2010年   3篇
  2009年   6篇
  2008年   4篇
  2007年   1篇
  2006年   5篇
  2005年   8篇
  2004年   3篇
  2002年   2篇
  2001年   1篇
  1999年   2篇
  1998年   2篇
  1996年   1篇
  1994年   1篇
  1988年   1篇
  1987年   1篇
  1986年   1篇
排序方式: 共有174条查询结果,搜索用时 16 毫秒
51.
不同土壤和植被生境下生物结皮对土壤性质的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
生物结皮作为干旱和半干旱地区重要的生物组分,对该区域生态过程中的生物地球化学循环产生重要的影响。以陕北水蚀风蚀交错区的生物结皮为研究对象,调查该区域2种土壤(黄绵土和风沙土)和3种植被(长芒草、油蒿和小叶杨群落,以农田为对照)生境下生物结皮对土壤性质的影响。结果表明:(1)结皮层与结皮下层0-10 cm各土壤性质指标的变化存在显著差异(p0.05);(2)3种植物群落生境下结皮层各土壤性质指标的变化差异不显著,表明结皮层内生物结皮生态功能作用是结皮层土壤性质的主导影响因素;(3)3种植物群落生境0-10 cm土层的土壤性质如C、N、C/N、Mg、Mn、δ~(13)C和δ~(15)N等指标变化存在显著差异(p0.05),但风沙土油蒿和小叶杨群落生境下所有调查的土壤性质指标间均无显著差异,这表明样地间0-10 cm土层土壤性质差异的主要是受到土壤类型自身特性的影响;(4)不同植被和土壤生境下的结皮层和0-10 cm样品间的空间排序分异明显,表明土壤性质间的差异依赖于生境下多因素的综合作用,生物结皮、土壤类型和植被是预测该区域表层土壤空间异质性的重要因素。  相似文献   
52.
Li  Jianming  Wang  Wenlong  Guo  Mingming  Kang  Hongliang  Wang  Zhigang  Huang  Jinquan  Sun  Baoyang  Wang  Ke  Zhang  Guanhua  Bai  Yun 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2020,20(11):3896-3908
Purpose

Large spoil heaps formed during construction projects have caused serious soil erosion and threatened ecological security. The recent researches on soil erosion of spoil heaps are based on one or several soil types, which can only represent the soil texture category within the limited area, but cannot be used in other larger scale areas. Soil texture and gravel are the main factors affecting infiltration and erosion processes of spoil heaps.

Materials and methods

The runoff plot dimensions were 5.0 m?×?1.0 m?×?0.5 m (length × width × depth). A series of rainfall experiments with a constant rainfall intensity of 1.0 mm min?1 and a slope gradient of 25° were conducted to investigate the effects of soil texture (sandy, loam, and clay) and gravel mass content (GC, 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) on the infiltration and erosion processes. The gravels are divided into 3 classes according to particle size 2–14 mm (small), 14–25 mm (medium), 25–50 mm (large), and the mass ratios were 30%, 50%, and 20%. The duration of each rainfall event was 45 min after runoff out of the plot.

Results and discussion

Results showed that there was a critical GC (10%) improving or controlling infiltration and soil loss. Infiltration rate of sandy spoil heap (SSH) decreased within 45 min, but it decreased first and then stabilized for loam spoil heap (LSH) and clay spoil heap (CSH). Soil loss rate (SLR) of SSH stabilized first and then increased, while it decreased and then stabilized for LSH and CSH. SLR at early stage (0–18 min) was 0.08–0.23 times than it was at later stage (18–45 min) for SSH, but it was 2.06–5.06 times and 1.46–1.95 times for LSH and CSH, respectively. The soil texture had a more significant effect on SLR (P?< 0.05) than GC did. The effects of gravel on SLRs were dependent on soil texture.

Conclusions

The greater the GC was, the lower the SLR was for the spoil heaps. Special attention should be paid to the later stage during rainfall events for SSHs and the early stage for LSHs and CSHs when considering erosion protection measures.

  相似文献   
53.
《Agricultural Systems》2005,86(1):52-75
Due to rapid loss of soil fertility in traditional cropping systems and subsequent yield decline, plantain fields in Southeastern Nigeria are usually reverted to fallow after three years. This study investigates the potential of mulch-based systems for long term plantain production: alley cropping with Dactyladenia barteri and natural bush, and a cut-and-carry technique with Pennisetum purpureum. Model results simulate yields decline observed under traditional cropping systems due to a decrease in soil fertility. The adoption of mulch-based technologies is conditioned by capital availability. However, when adequate capital is available, mulch-based systems are quite profitable. Under baseline conditions, the alley cropping system with natural bush outperforms the other two improved technologies with a 154% and 72% increase in net returns over continuous and shifting traditional systems, respectively. The traditional system had the worst performance without fertilizer use. A sensitivity analysis shows that the increase in net return due to fertilizer in the alley cropping and traditional systems is at least 25%. This analysis indicates that credit programs that reach small farmers and land reform that gives them secure title are essential to widespread adoption of mulch-based plantain systems.  相似文献   
54.
陈峰峰    赵江平  陈云明   《水土保持研究》2023,30(1):190-196
为明确黄土丘陵区典型人工幼林土壤水分时空变化特征,采用ECH2O土壤水分监测系统,基于标准径流小区坡面土壤水分观测方法,收集土壤水分及气象数据,分析了撂荒地与不同类型人工幼林土壤水分状况及时间稳定性。结果表明:(1)与撂荒地相比,人工幼林土壤含水量整体较低,且具有明显的季节性变化特征,变化趋势基本一致,均随降水量的增加(减少)而升高(降低);(2)不同类型人工林土壤水分垂直分布差异较大,相较于撂荒地,刺槐和油松在50 cm深度土层土壤含水量较低,在80—120 cm深度土层土壤含水量较高,丁香幼林土壤水分整体偏低;(3)油松和撂荒地土壤水分代表深度分别为:120 cm和80 cm,决定系数(R2≥0.9)和纳什系数(NSE≥-0.1)对该结果的评价显示土壤水分代表深度的选择均是可接受的,刺槐和丁香不同深度土层土壤水分差异较大。研究认为,在黄土丘陵区,人工幼林显著影响土壤水分垂直分布规律,土壤含水量整体呈低态势,相较于撂荒地,刺槐和丁香土壤水分变异性较大,油松较为稳定。  相似文献   
55.
《CATENA》1998,33(2):123-138
Physical and chemical soil properties were measured along a mountainous climatological gradient in the province of Alicante (Spain). The objective was to evaluate how the climate affects certain soil properties at different temporal and spatial scales. These properties include infiltration, runoff and sediment concentrations resulting from rainfall simulation experiments performed in winter and in summer. Chemical soil properties like carbonate content, organic matter content and CEC were analysed in reference soil profiles along the gradient. Physical soil properties like soil moisture content, macroaggregation and waterstable microaggregation were measured at monthly intervals during a year. The comparison of the results was done at different spatial (site, slope and patch) and temporal (monthly and seasonal) scales by means of some statistical tests. It can be concluded that there are some soil properties positively related to the gradient, like organic matter, clay content and CEC which increase with the annual rainfall. However, runoff coefficients and erosion are higher when the climatic annual rainfall. However, runoff coefficients and erosion are higher when the climatic conditions become more arid. Aggregation and infiltration capacity are higher on north-facing slopes and in vegetated patches than in south-facing slopes and in bare patches.  相似文献   
56.
党真    杨明义      张加琼   《水土保持研究》2022,29(5):398-403
明确流域或区域泥沙来源对水土保持措施科学布局有重要意义。为了更好地掌握泥沙来源研究的发展动态,研究借助文献计量方法与可视化工具——CiteSpace软件,对中国知网(CNKI)总库和Web of Science数据库迄今关于泥沙来源的所有文献进行收集分析,探寻当前该领域的研究热点,为未来的发展研究提供参考。对检索获取的6 000余篇中文和英文文献的分析发现,当前泥沙来源研究的主要对象包括淤地坝、小流域、河流与盆地。研究热点主题主要包括泥沙输移、泥沙形态和土壤侵蚀; 热点研究内容注重对环境效应、影响因素等进行综合研究; 热点研究手段是复合指纹识别技术。关键词突现图和时区图展现的前沿研究趋势显示,在重点研究区要重建流域泥沙来源历史的演变规律; 指纹识别法作为热点研究手段则亟需科学的试验设计来验证该方法的准确性; 将来的研究则侧重于形成类似“复合指纹系统工具”的工具,服务于流域管理、侵蚀泥沙产生的环境风险预测等方面。  相似文献   
57.
东北地区不同耕作方式农田土壤风蚀特征   总被引:4,自引:3,他引:4  
为探究不同耕作方式农田土壤风蚀特征,揭示风蚀对表层土壤理化性质及养分含量的影响,以东北地区典型农田土壤(黑土和风沙土)为研究对象,通过野外集沙仪定点监测与室内理化分析等方法,对不同耕作方式(垄作、免耕)和不同地表覆盖措施(无覆盖、留茬、覆盖)下的土壤风蚀特征展开研究。结果表明:(1)风沙土的输沙量显著高于黑土,在0—100cm高度范围内风沙土的输沙量平均为黑土的168倍。随高度的上升输沙量急剧减少,其中0—10cm输沙量最大,占总输沙量的50%以上,40cm以上则无明显风蚀物;(2)不同耕作方式下,免耕农田土壤风蚀输沙量较垄作样地减少了66.0%~94.1%;而相同耕作措施下,不同地表覆盖的输沙量表现为无覆盖>留茬>覆盖,与无覆盖相比,留茬及秸秆覆盖下的输沙量可以减少90.3%~99.4%;(3)受风蚀影响,表层土壤颗粒、有机质及养分流失严重,其中风蚀物的砂粒含量是表层土壤的1.06~1.42倍,且10—20cm风蚀物中有机质、全氮和全磷含量均比表层土壤高;(4)通过修正风蚀方程(RWEQ)估算得出,垄作无覆盖(RTNF)风蚀模数高达181.7~86582.9t/(km^2·a),风蚀剧烈,而免耕覆盖(NTF)的风蚀模数仅为9.89t/(km^2·a),为微度风蚀。研究显示垄作及无覆盖方式下农田土壤风蚀程度剧烈,加剧了表层土壤颗粒和养分流失的风险,而免耕和地表覆盖能有效缓解风蚀危害。  相似文献   
58.
膜下滴灌水盐运移影响因素研究   总被引:66,自引:2,他引:66  
通过室内盐碱土入渗模拟试验 ,探求了膜下滴灌滴头流量、灌水量、土壤初始含水量、土壤初始含盐量等因素对土壤水盐运移的影响。研究结果表明 :滴头流量的增加 ,地表积水范围增大 ,湿润体垂直距离减小 ,滴头附近的含水量增加 ,不利于作物正常生长的淡化区的形成 ;灌水量的增加使得湿润体的范围增加 ,同时有利于作物正常生长的淡化区的形成 ;土壤初始含水量增加 ,湿润体范围增大 ,滴头附近的含水量增加 ,但不利于作物正常生长的淡化区的形成和超过作物耐盐度的淡化区的发展 ;土壤初始含盐量的增加使得达标脱盐系数减小。这对合理利用膜下滴灌技术体系开发盐碱地提供一定的指导 ,有利于为滴灌系统的设计提供更合理的技术参数和进行膜下滴灌条件下的盐分管理。  相似文献   
59.
采用室内放水冲刷试验法在12m长土槽上进行细沟径流流速试验,研究在5个坡度(5°,10°,15°,20°,25°)和3个流量(2,4,8L/min)条件下黄土细沟径流流速沿坡长变化的规律。结果表明:细沟径流流速与坡度、流量呈幂函数关系,流量指数b变化范围为0.267 7~0.425 1,流速随坡度和流量增加而增加;细沟径流流速沿坡长先迅速增加,然后增加速度减缓,在8~12m处流速趋于稳定,达到临界值;细沟径流流速与坡长之间存在幂函数关系,坡长指数d从0.074 7到0.326 5,与已有研究相比,不完全处于流速与流量的幂函数方程中流量指数的变化范围0.263 6~0.667 0之内,因此本试验设计内的细沟水流流速变化是由流量和坡长的共同作用影响的。  相似文献   
60.
加速土壤侵蚀对养分流失的影响   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
ZHENG Fen-Li 《土壤圈》2005,15(6):707-715
Soil erosion and nutrient losses on newly-deforested lands in the Ziwuling Region on the Loess Plateau of China were monitored to quantitatively evaluate the effects of accelerated soil erosion, caused by deforestation, on organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus losses. Eight natural runoff plots were established on the loessial hill slopes representing different erosion patterns of dominant erosion processes including sheet, rill and shallow gully (similar to ephemeral gully). Sediment samples were collected after each erosive rainfall event. Results showed that soil nutrients losses increased with an increase of erosion intensity. Linear relations between the losses of organic matter, total N, NH4-N, and available P and erosion intensity were found. Nutrient content per unit amount of eroded sediment decreased from the sheet to the shallow gully erosion zones, whereas total nutrient loss increased. Compared with topsoil, nutrients in eroded sediment were enriched, especially available P and NH4-N. The intensity of soil nutrient losses was also closely related to soil erosion intensity and pattern with the most severe soil erosion and nutrient loss occurring in the shallow gully channels on loessial hill slopes. These research findings will help to improve the understanding of the relation between accelerated erosion process after deforestation and soil quality degradation and to design better eco-environmental rehabilitation schemes for the Loess Plateau.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号