大豆重组自交系群体荚粒性状的QTL分析

利用大豆重组自交系soy01群体中的255个家系进行2年田间试验，采用两种作图方法，寻找一粒荚、四粒荚、每荚粒数等5个荚粒性状稳定的QTL。结果表明，利用区间作图法，2年共找到24个荚粒性状QTL，解释的遗传变异为5%~80%；利用复合区间作图法，2年共找到27个荚粒性状QTL，解释的遗传变异为4%~73%。利用复合区间作图法，2年找到2个重复出现、稳定的四粒荚QTL和2个每荚粒数QTL，为大豆荚粒性状QTL的精细定位和分子标记辅助育种提供了基础和依据。     

体细胞杂交在油菜细胞质雄性不育创建和改良中的应用

油菜细胞质雄性不育作为生产油菜杂交种的主要授粉控制系统得到广泛利用，但由于油菜种内自然发生的有利用价值的雄性不育细胞质类型不多，所以种属间转移现有不育细胞质及发掘新型不育细胞质意义重大。体细胞杂交不仅避开了有性杂交亲和障碍的限制，还可实现两个杂交亲本细胞质基因组的重组，是一种快速有效、应用广泛的转移和诱导雄性不育细胞质的手段。本文综述了利用原生质体杂交技术在油菜种内、种间和属间转移雄性不育细胞质以及通过细胞质基因组重组改良和创建新型雄性不育细胞质的研究进展，并讨论了利用体细胞杂交方法创建新型雄性不育细胞质的应用前景。     

Prediction of heterosis using QTLs for yield traits in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

Three double low (erucic acid and glucosinolates) self-incompatible lines and 22 varieties from different origins were selected to produce 66 hybrids according to a NC II mating design. Field experiments for identification of hybrid performance and heterosis were conducted in two successive rapeseed growing seasons in Wuhan, China. After heterosis identifications, SI-1300 and Eagle were chosen to construct an F₂ segregating population. One hundred and eighty four F_2:3 lines were planted at Wuhan and Jingmen to test yield traits. F₂ plants and the 25 parents were analyzed using simultaneously AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) and SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers. A total of 270 and 718 polymorphic loci were detected in the F₂ population and among the 25 parental lines, respectively. Of the 718 polymorphic loci, 178 were significantly correlated to yield traits. With the use of one-way ANOVA, 84 common QTLs were detected for 12 traits at two trial locations. Although the genetic distances based on general/specific heterozygosities and single-locus QTLs showed significant correlations with hybrid performance and heterosis for some yield traits, the determination coefficients were low. The results suggested that neither heterozygosities nor QTLs for yield traits were suitable to predict hybrid performance and heterosis in Brassica napus.     

能源植物乌桕杂种苗期形态与光合特性及分子鉴别

随着化石能源的日益枯竭,发展以生物柴油为代表的可再生生物质能源,对缓解能源紧张和保障能源安全具有十分重要的意义。乌桕是生物柴油的优质原料树种,但中国乌桕产量普遍较低。因此,开展高产乌桕品种选育相关研究具有十分重要的意义。笔者以大悟县优良地方乌桕品种葡萄桕（py）,鸡爪桕（jy）及其杂种（hy）为材料,对它们的形态学特征...     

QTL Analysis of the Oil Content and the Hull Content in Brassica napus L.

The QTLs of the oil content and the hull content were analyzed in Brassica napus L. By constructing the linkage map. The F26 RIL population with 188 lines, derived from the cross of GH06 × P147, was used as the mapping population. The SRAP, SSR, AFLP, and TRAP markers were used to construct the linkage map, and the composite interval mapping (CIM) to identify the quantitative trait loci associated with the oil content and the hull content. 300 markers were integrated into 19 linkage groups, covering 1 248.5 cM in total. Seven QTLs were found to be responsible for the oil content with the single contribution to phenotypic variance ranging from 3.73 to 10.46%; four QTLs were found for the hull content with the single contribution to phenotypic variance ranging from 4.89 to 6.84%. The yellow-seeded Brassica napus L. Has the advantage of higher oil content and the hull content has a significant effect on the oil content. In addition, the SRAP marker is good for detecting QTL.     

基于小波消噪柑橘内部品质近红外光谱的无损检测

为探讨柑橘内部品质无损检测方法,通过3阶Daubechies小波4级分解,对柑橘近红外光谱进行消噪预处理,并运用偏最小二乘法建立了柑橘贮藏中可溶性固形物、糖度、酸度和维生素C含量的校正预测模型.结果表明:建立的可溶性固形物含量预测模型,其预测值与标准值的相关系数为0.954,预测校正均方差为0.418%,最优光谱波段为6 101.7～4 246.5 cm-1;建立的可溶性总糖含量预测模型,其预测值与标准值的相关系数达0.975,预测校正均方差为0.490%,最优光谱波段为7 507.7～6 097.8 cm-1;建立的总酸含量预测模型,其预测值与标准值的相关系数达0.948,预测校正均方差为0.022%,最优光谱波段为 6 101.7～4 246.5 cm-1;建立的维生素C含量预测模型,其预测值与标准值的相关系数为0.957,预测校正均方差为0.039 mg/g,最优光谱波段为7 501.7～5 449.8 cm-1.     

两种硼肥对油菜新品种生长发育及产量的影响

两种不同含量的速溶硼肥，solubor和宽甸硼砂施用于油菜新品种中双9号、华双3号、中油杂2号和华杂3号的田间试验结果表明，施硼增加油菜苗期、越冬期、初花期干物重，增加株高、主花序长度、分枝数、单株角果数、粒数和粒重，而叶数、根茎粗和千粒重变化不明显；不同施硼菜籽产量平均增加5．7％～20．1％，喷施等量0．075％、0．10％、0．15％硼肥溶液，solubor优于宽甸硼砂，增产率分别为13．3％、18．3％、20．1％和5．7％、9．9％、15．2％；喷施等量有效硼时，两种硼肥的油菜单株粒重及菜籽产量均相近。表明两种硼肥对双低常规油菜与双低杂交油菜均有相似的显著增产效果，其增产率取决于有效硼施用量；在低硼土上，可满足双低油菜产量达2500～2800kg／hm^2的硼素需求为每公顷喷施宽甸硼砂5．7kg或solubor硼肥2．85kg。     

动定刀同轴水稻秸秆切碎还田装置结构设计与试验

针对中国南方稻田留茬高、土壤黏重,油菜栽种复式作业机耕整地作业部件易缠草、壅泥,影响作业质量和油菜出苗的难题,提出了将田间稻秸秆收集切碎并绕过耕作部件后均匀覆盖于播种行行间的种植方法,研发了多功能油菜覆草直播播种机,围绕该机器设计了一种动刀与定刀及风送叶片同轴安装的稻秸秆切碎装置,并分别对稻秸秆的"站秆"和"残茬"进行切碎台架试验。结果表明:喂入压辊转速、动刀转轴转速、动定刀间隙3个影响因素对切碎长度合格率、功耗影响显著;对"站秆"和"残茬"切碎的各因素取值为:喂入压辊转速399.2、401.64 r/min,动刀转轴转速968.12、977.23 r/min,动定刀间隙0.52、0.49 mm时,稻秸秆切碎合格长度率为95.78%、96.98%,功率损耗为3.09、2.68 k W。经整机田间试验,该装置的秸秆田间覆盖效果达到油菜种植农艺要求。该研究为多功能油菜覆草直播播种机产业化提供了技术参考。     

芝麻蒴果及种子的生长发育特性

通过对芝麻品种中芝11蒴果及种子的生长发育过程中蒴果长度、体积及鲜干重和种子鲜干重、活力及种子中粗蛋白、粗脂肪和脂肪酸含量的测定，获得结果如下：（1）蒴果长度和体积在24～27d达到最大值，随后进入失水收缩阶段，30d左右基本定型。（2）籽粒干重在授粉后36d达到最大值，此时种子发芽率、发芽势和活力指数均为最高，即此时种子已经达到生理成熟。（3）侧位蒴果与中位蒴果的发育基本同步，但各项指标均弱于中位蒴果。（4）种子中粗蛋白质在种子发育15d以前便已达到一定水平，随后缓慢增加，粗脂肪在种子发育的18d之前增长迅速，18d以后积累较缓慢，第33d到达最大值，不同脂肪酸含量变化不同。     

我国油菜品种变革对生产发展的影响

通过综述建国以来我国油菜品种三次变革对生产发展的推动作用，分析了我国油菜生产今后的发展潜力与对策。