冻存液添加蜂王浆主蛋白对精子品质的影响

目的 精液冷冻保存作为人工授精不可或缺的一个技术环节,对优质畜禽种群的繁衍和保存有着至关重要的意义。目前,因精液冻存时冻存液成分、冷冻方法和外部氧化应激等因素影响,导致冻存精液品质不一。蜂王浆（RJ）已被证明能提高动物精液品质,蜂王浆主蛋白（MRJPs）作为RJ主要生物活性成分物质,具有多种生物活性和抗氧化能力。方法 为提高冻存精子品质,本研究开展了在公牛精液冻存液中添加不同浓度（0 g/25 mL、0.01 g/25 mL、0.02 g/25 mL、0.03 g/25 mL、0.04 g/25 mL）的MRJPs冻干粉,对冻存48 h后解冻精子的总活力、前进性活力、畸形率等相关参数进行了观察评估。结果 添加MRJPs呈浓度依赖性方式显著降低精子总活力、快速前进性活力、缓慢前进性活力和直行性活力（P<0.05）,而且精子畸形率和精子原地移动活力与对照组相比无显著差异（P> 0.05）。结论 精液冻存液中添加MRJPs会抑制冻存精子活力,因此,对MRJPs能以何种方式提高精液品质的研究还需要进一步开展。     

南极磷虾粉潜在危害因子分析及风险评价进展

南极磷虾粉是目前南极磷虾船载加工的主要产品之一,富含优质蛋白质、脂质、磷脂、虾青素和矿物质等物质,具有良好的开发利用前景。目前,南极磷虾粉主要用作水产动物饲料及提取油脂等的原料。然而,研究表明南极磷虾粉也存在潜在危害因子不明确等问题,严重限制了其应用领域和范围的拓展。因此,本文分析了南极磷虾粉潜在危害因子的来源、限量标准、检测方法等,介绍了南极磷虾粉风险评估进展,旨在为南极磷虾粉危害因子的减除和深度利用提供参考依据。     

叶黄素酯和叶黄素稳定性的研究

研究光、热、酸、碱、金属离子、氧化剂和还原剂对叶黄素酯和叶黄素稳定性的影响。结果表明,光对叶黄素酯和叶黄素的稳定性影响很大,日光照射0.5h,二者的保存率仅为0.35%,而放置在暗处保存率基本不变;叶黄素酯和叶黄素对热较稳定,但随着温度的升高和加热时间的延长,保存率下降,降解速度加快;在相同的光、热条件下,叶黄素酯的稳定性优于叶黄素,叶黄素以与脂肪酸结合的形式存在,稳定性更强;强酸性条件对叶黄素酯和叶黄素有一定的破坏作用,而其在中性、碱性条件下较稳定;Fe3 、Fe2 、Cu2 对它们的破坏作用较强,保存率下降较多,而Zn2 、Mg2 、Ca2 、K 、Na 对它们基本无影响;氧化剂H2O2对其有轻微的破坏作用;还原剂Na2SO3对叶黄素酯和叶黄素影响不大,VC可以使它们降解,与VC共存叶黄素酯的降解程度比叶黄素大。     

Rapid assessment of wood chemical properties and pulp yield of Eucalyptus camaldulensis in Thailand tree plantations by near infrared spectroscopy for improving wood selection for high quality pulp

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has been demonstrated as a means for rapid nondestructive determination of the chemical composition and final pulp yield of Eucalyptus camaldulensis in Thailand tree plantations. Multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis and partial least squares (PLS) analysis were introduced to develop statistical models in terms of calibration equations for total pulp yield, screened pulp yield, and contents of -cellulose, pentosans, and lignin in wood. In MLR analysis, a reasonably good calibration equation was found only for pentosans (standard error of prediction (SEP): 0.98%). The PLS analysis improved the accuracy of prediction for every criterion variable, especially for pentosans (SEP: 0.91%) and lignin (SEP: 0.52%). Also, in the case of screened pulp yield, we were able to use such a statistical result as an indicator of the characteristics of the pulp and paper. Thus, NIR spectroscopy could be satisfactorily used as an effective assessment technique for Eucalyptus camaldulensis plantation trees.     

Non-destructive quality determination of pecans using soft X-rays

Use of soft X-ray digital imaging for non-destructive quality evaluation of pecans was explored. Unshelled pecans were imaged at various X-ray tube voltages from 15 to 50 kVp and currents from 0.1 to 1 mA. Pecan images with good contrast image were identified. The cavity inside the pecan shell and the nutmeat portion were segmented manually in the pecan radiographs. Percent nutmeat area, mean pixel intensity, and local intensity variation adequately determined nutmeat quality, non-destructively. Pecan nutmeat weight was estimated with an error of less than 10% from images taken at 35 kVp–0.75 mA, 40 kVp–0.5 mA, and 45 kVp–0.5 mA. Defects and insects were clearly differentiated in X-ray images after applying contrast stretching or high-frequency emphasis techniques.     

Physiology of fresh-cut ‘Galia’ (Cucumis melo var. reticulatus) from ripe fruit treated with 1-methylcyclopropene

‘Galia’ (Cucumis melo var. reticulatus L. Naud. cv. Galia) fruit were harvested at the three-quarter slip stage and treated with 1 μL L⁻¹ 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) at 20 °C for 24 h. The fruit were processed and stored as fresh-cut cubes and intact fruit for 10 d at 5 °C. Ethylene production of fresh-cut cubes was approximately 4–5-fold higher than intact fruit at day 1. Afterward, the ethylene production of fresh-cut cubes declined significantly whereas that of intact fruit remained relatively constant at about 0.69–1.04 ng kg⁻¹ s⁻¹. 1-MCP delayed mesocarp softening in both fresh-cut and intact fruit and the symptoms of watersoaking in fresh-cut fruit. Continuously stored fresh-cut cubes and cubes derived from intact fruit not treated with the ethylene antagonist softened 27% and 25.6%, respectively, during 10 d storage at 5 °C while cubes derived from 1-MCP-treated fruit softened 9% and 17%, respectively. Fresh-cut tissue from 1-MCP-treated fruit exhibited slightly reduced populations of both total aerobic organisms and Enterobacterium, although the differences did not appear to be sufficient to explain the differences in keeping quality between 1-MCP-treated and control fruit. Based primarily on firmness retention and reduced watersoaking, 1-MCP treatment deferred loss of physical deterioration of fresh-cut ‘Galia’ cubes at 5 °C by 2–3 d compared with controls.     

Factors that affect tomato bruise development as a result of mechanical impact

External and internal factors that affect tomato bruise susceptibility such as impact- and fruit-related properties were investigated. Logistic regression was used to establish a relationship between tomato loading conditions and the resulting damage. Impact-specific models were built for a more precise determination of the bruise risk related to a narrow range of impact energies, being low (23 mJ), medium (71 mJ), high (158 mJ) and very high (216 mJ) impacts.Pericarp tissue over the locules was much more sensitive to bruise development than radial wall tissue. Tomatoes at room temperature (20 °C) were more sensitive than fruit stored at 12 °C. Tomato susceptibility to bruising increased substantially with ripening and loading conditions. The duration of the impact played a critical role in the bruise development and it is largely determined by fruit intrinsic parameters. Additional effects of the restitution coefficient and the fruit mass were found. Finally, different factors are responsible for tomato bruising in the various impact classes. The effect of low and medium energy impacts is largely controlled by the fruit texture. Especially medium impacts seem to substantially increase the bruise potential. The bruise potential of high and very high impacts mainly depends on fruit ripeness and the location of impact.     

Long-term field evaluation and large-scale application of a Metarhizium anisopliae strain for controlling major rice pests

Journal of Pest Science - There is increasing concern about the toxic effects of chemical pesticides on human health and the environment. Many alternatives, however, are viewed as impracticable or...     

覆膜与水分控制对宁夏设施滴灌番茄产量与品质的影响

【目的】探索宁夏设施滴灌番茄覆膜的效果和适宜的灌溉制度,为宁夏地区设施滴灌番茄节水高产种植提供理论依据。【方法】通过2 a试验,在覆膜(M)与不覆膜(NM)条件下,设定4种水分控制水平,灌水频率为7~10 d,W1、W2和W3处理的灌水上限分别为100%FC(田间持水率)、80%FC和70%FC,以当地灌水量为对照(CK,灌水上限为123%FC),研究了覆膜和水分控制对设施滴灌番茄生长、产量、品质与水分生产效率的影响。【结果】番茄株高和茎粗在苗期―开花坐果期生长迅速,受覆膜处理影响显著(P<0.01),受水分控制影响不显著(P>0.05)。随着灌水量的增加,番茄产量先增加后降低,W2M处理的产量和水分生产效率均为最大值,分别为89844.88 kg/hm2和502.5 kg/(hm²·mm),相比覆膜CK分别增加21.4%和63.7%。相比于不覆膜处理,覆膜番茄产量平均增加18.1%,差异达到显著水平(P<0.05),其还原性维生素C和可溶性固形物量分别提高28.9%和22.8%(P<0.05)。覆膜和水分控制均对番茄还原性维生素C量、可溶性固形物和可溶性总糖量的影响达到显著水平(P<0.01),覆膜处理还对可滴定酸量和糖酸比的影响达到显著水平(P<0.05)。【结论】对于宁夏设施滴灌番茄,采用覆膜栽培与80%FC的灌水上限可以获得较高产量和较好品质。     

胡椒果与胡椒叶精油化学成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取胡椒鲜果、黑胡椒、白胡椒和胡椒叶中的精油,得率分别为1.46%、1.77%、2.30%和1.25%。对精油进行GC-MS分析,分别鉴定得到38、31、36和63种化学物质,δ-榄香烯、3-蒈烯、D-柠檬烯、α-古巴烯、石竹烯和律草烯在果与叶中含量均较高,其中叶中δ-榄香烯含量占38.54%;蒎烯、月桂烯、α-水芹烯和间伞花素在果中含量较高,而在叶中含量较低;甘香烯、α-荜澄茄油烯、β-榄香烯、α-古芸烯、β-古巴烯、α-蛇床烯、花柏烯、4-异亚丙烯-7-甲基-6-亚甲基-2-辛烯酸甲酯和桉油烯醇在叶中含量较高,而果中含量较低或没有。此外,采用电子鼻方法可有效区分胡椒粉和胡椒叶。