主成份分析在胡麻育种中的应用

对胡麻优良品种性状用主成份分析法分析结果表明,株高、有效分枝数、有效结果数和千粒重的特征根值累计百分率在90%以上。株高为第1主成份,有效分枝数和有效结果数为第2主成份,千粒重为第3主成份。     

利木赞牛与中国西部2个黄牛群体杂交效果分析

从利木赞牛的品种特性人手，在中国西部两个黄牛群体（秦川牛和固原牛）引进利木赞牛进行黄牛改良的过程中，通过体尺测定试验（秦川牛、固原牛及其利杂牛）得知杂交牛各项体尺指标和体重均得到明显改善（P〈O．01或P〈0．05），尤其杂交牛的肉用指数（BPI）均得到极显著的提高（P〈0．01），表明两个黄牛群体在肉用性能改进方面收到了良好的效果，固原牛提高的程度比秦川牛更加明显；通过育肥屠宰试验（固原牛及其利杂牛）得知利木赞杂交牛平均日增重比固原牛增加20％，屠宰率和眼肌面积分别提高了8．58％和27．62％，充分显示了利木赞牛杂交带来的优势。     

秸秆还田对宁南旱作农田土壤活性有机碳及酶活性的影响

在宁南旱区通过研究秸秆还刚对土壤活性有机碳及酶活性的影响,旨在为该区作物生产及土壤培肥制度的建立提供参考.在为期3 a秸秆还出定位试验中,设置了不同秸秆还田量处理,谷子秸秆按3000 kg·hm-2(低L)、6000kg·hm-2(中M)、9000 kg·hm-2(高H)粉碎还田;玉米秸秆按4500 kg·hm-2(低L)、9000 kg·hm-2(中M)、13 500kg·hm-2(高H)粉碎还田,对照为秸秆不还田,对不同处理条件下的土壤有机碳、土壤酶活性及其相关性进行了分析.结果表明,土壤总有机碳、活性有机碳含量和土壤酶活性均随土层的加深而减少;各处理0～60cm土层土壤有机碳含量和酶活性大小为中、高量秸秆还田>低量秸秆还田>秸秆不还田;秸秆还田不仅增加了土壤活性有机碳含量,同时提高了活性有机碳占总有机碳含量的比重.相关性分析表明,运用土壤活性有机碳和碳库管理指数表征土壤酶活性及土壤肥力变化,比土壤有机碳更具灵敏性.在宁南半旱区采用秸秆还田能有效提高土壤活性有机碳含量和土壤酶活性.     

沽源县动物检疫工作的现状、存在问题与对策

沽源县的动物检疫工作起步较早,在屠宰检疫、提高人员素质上取得了可喜的成绩,但产地检疫、机构设置等方面相对薄弱,因此,今后要从强化监督管理、改革机构设置、仪器设备到位着手,改变当前的被动局面.     

宁南干旱山区春小麦氮、磷施肥模式研究

该用二次饱和Ｄ最优设计，研究了试区３种不同立地农田生态系统春小麦Ｎ、Ｐ施肥效应方程，建立起不同适宜性的施肥数学模型，分析研究了Ｎ、Ｐ肥的主效应和交互效应，计算出不同农田的最佳施肥量，以低位梯田为例，计算出不同产量下Ｎ、Ｐ肥的用量及最适配比。     

固原市玫瑰苑小区低影响开发措施改造对降雨径流的调控效益

[目的]计算住宅小区海绵改造后对降雨径流的调控效益,旨在为海绵城市建设提供技术参考。[方法]结合宁夏回族自治区固原市某住宅小区各低影响开发(low impact development, LID)设施的布设情况,计算不同设计降雨量下LID设施对降雨径流的截蓄量与各LID设施截蓄容积的利用率;再结合固原市2004—2014年的降雨资料,计算出该小区年均降雨径流总截蓄量与各LID措施对降雨径流的截蓄量。基于计算出的小区LID设施对降雨径流的截蓄数据,结合资源环境经济学原理,计算小区降雨径流年调控效益、单方降雨径流调控效益与各LID措施年均降雨径流调控效益。[结果]小区海绵改建后,年均降雨径流调蓄量增加11 568 m~3,产生的效益为111 302元/a,单方降雨径流调控效益为9.62元/m~3;各LID设施年均效益分别为:雨水花园45 273元/a,下沉式绿地27 103元/a,雨水桶6 654元/a,雨水池32 272元/a。[结论]住宅小区海绵改建能够有效控制小区降雨径流的外排量,提高小区年径流总量控制率,具有明显的经济、环境和社会效益。     

玉米二元覆盖农田水分动态及水分利用效率研究

旱地玉米采用垄面覆膜、垄沟覆不同用量麦草的二元覆盖试验结果表明:随麦草覆盖量的增加土壤保墒效果明显;其中0~100cm土层土壤玉米全生育期累积贮水量5250kg/hm2和9750kg/hm2的麦草覆盖处理比垄面覆膜垄沟未覆麦草处理平均增加146.2mm,水分利用效率提高16.67%~28.65%,降水利用率提高12.39%~18.29%,玉米增产12.10%~18.15%。     

麦草与地膜覆盖对玉米田间生态环境及产量的影响

通过田间试验研究了麦草与地膜覆盖栽培措施对玉米田间生态环境及产量的影响。结果表明,麦草与地膜二元覆盖可降低作物冠层温度1～2℃,显著减少玉米田间土壤水分蒸发,对土壤具有一定的保温作用,并能明显提高玉米产量和水分利用效率。     

The stable carbon isotope composition of soil organic carbon and pedogenic carbonates along a bioclimatic gradient in the Palouse region,Washington State,USA

Isotopic signatures of soil components are commonly used to infer past ecologic and climatic shifts in the soil record. The theory behind the fractionation of isotopes that occurs during ecosystem processes is well understood; however, few isotopic studies have explored ecosystem relationships in modern soils. We discuss relationships of stable carbon isotopic signatures in plant tissue, soil organic carbon (SOC), laboratory-respired CO₂, and modern carbonates at 10 sites (seven containing pedogenic carbonates) along a C₃-dominated climatic gradient (mean annual precipitation (MAP) ranging from 200 to 1000 mm) in the Palouse region of eastern Washington state.A horizon soil organic carbon (SOC) δ¹³C values varied from −24.3‰ to −25.9‰ PDB. Values in the arid portion of the gradient (200 to approximately 500 mm MAP) generally decreased and linear regression of SOM ¹³C vs. MAP was significant (r²=0.71, p=0.02). Trends in plant-¹³C of two grass species (Agropyron spicatum and Festuca idahoensis) found throughout this portion of the gradient were similar to that of SOC. Mean pedogenic carbonate δ¹³C values varied from −4.1‰ to −10.8‰ PDB. Linear regression was significant for carbonate ¹³C vs. MAP (r²=0.79, p=0.007), estimated above-ground productivity (r²=0.88, p=0.002) and soil carbon content (r²=0.83, p=0.004). Carbonate δ¹³C values at the most arid site exhibited higher variability than other sites (presumably due to greater spatial variation in plant respiration vs. atmospheric diffusion). Our data suggest that carbon isotopic relationships among ecosystem components may prove useful in determining ecosystem level properties in modern systems, and potentially in ancient systems as well.     

Physiological Responses of Leymus Chinensis to Long-Term Salt,Alkali and Mixed Salt-Alkali Stresses

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological responses of Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel exposed to long-term salt, salt-alkali, and alkali stress in order to elucidate how L. chinensis can survive under alkaline-sodic soils. L. chinensis (30 days after germination) were stressed with salt [SS; sodium chloride (NaCl)], mixed salt-alkali [MS; molar ratio of NaCl: sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) = 2:1] and alkali salt (AS; Na₂CO₃) at four different levels of sodium (Na⁺) concentration (0, 75, 150, and 300 mM) for 60 days. L. chinensis showed 100% survival rate at all treatments except 300 mM SS (33.3%) and AS (18.9%). The growth and physiological parameters of survival plants were measured. As anticipated, growth of L. chinensis was inhibited after stresses, which reflected in the decline of plant height, dry weight and tiller number following the increased Na⁺ concentration. The content of Na⁺, proline, and soluble sugar in L. chinensis increased with the increasing Na⁺ concentration, suggesting that L. chinensis need to accumulate inorganic and organic solutes for resisting osmotic stress induced by various salt stresses. These processes ensure the water balance that can provide a relative normal physiological environment for L. chinensis. Potassium (K⁺) content of L. chinensis kept at a relative lower level than control to ensure the normal physiological processes. Chlorophyll content of stressed plant increased slightly compared to control plants, which can produce more energy for L. chinensis resisting various stresses. The increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content of stressed plants showed the damage of various stresses. Among the three treatments (SS, MS, and AS), the injury extent for L. chinensis can be expressed by AS>SS>MS, and MS was the most complicated for the counterbalance effects of soil electrical conduction and pH.