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61.
A study was conducted in Brazil to identify factors affecting grazing distribution of yearling Nelore cross heifers and to evaluate the efficacy of placement of a salt–mineral mix away from water to improve uniformity of grazing. Two pastures (25 ha and 42 ha) were evaluated for four 15-d sessions. Mineral mix was placed 590 m to 780 m from water during two sessions and at water for two sessions. Stubble heights were measured at the beginning and end of each session in 1-ha subunits of each pasture. Cattle locations were recorded on day 13 and 14 of each session by horseback observers. Heifers avoided areas with a preponderance of forbs and taller grass (P < 0.001). For the first 15 days of the study cattle avoided subunits farther from water. Thereafter, horizontal distance from water had no affect on grazing use (P > 0.10). Stubble height reduction was more uniform (P < 0.05) when the mineral mix was at water compared to away from water. In contrast, heifers spent less time farther from water when mineral mix was placed at water (P = 0.02) based on visual observations. Strategic placement of a salt–mineral mix away from water does not appear to be a reliable tool to improve cattle grazing distribution in humid tropical pastures from 25 ha to 45 ha in size.  相似文献   
62.
To determine associations between carpal and fetlock conformation and later performance, 292 two-year-old (2YO) Thoroughbred horses were examined at a public auction. Two observers graded carpal and fetlock conformation in the frontal view, and subject weights were estimated (weight tape), and height was measured. Subject age, gender, and workout distance and time were retrieved from sales data. Lifetime racing data was retrieved from the Jockey Club database. Mild to moderate deviations from straight forelimb conformation at the carpus or fetlock occurred in 85% of 2YO Thoroughbreds and had no substantive effect on lifetime racing performance. Carpal and fetlock conformation are associated. Greater age, female gender and faster workout were associated with better short and long-term racing outcomes. The ability to start a race at 2YO was associated with improvements in several measures of racing success. The lack of an association of forelimb conformation with most measures of racing performance will assist producers and consumers of young racing stock in the determination of the need for corrective procedures in young horses and the importance of deviations at purchase. Speed of workout and the ability to start at 2YO were associated with each other and with an improvement in several racing outcomes.  相似文献   
63.
Monotypic stands of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum [L] Gaertm. and Agropyron desertorum [Fisch.] Schult.), an introduced grass, occupy vast expanses of the sagebrush steppe. Efforts to improve habitat for sagebrush-associated wildlife by establishing a diverse community of native vegetation in crested wheatgrass stands have largely failed. Instead of concentrating on a diversity of species, we evaluated the potential to restore the foundation species, Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata spp. wyomingensis [Beetle & A. Young] S. L. Welsh), to these communities. We investigated the establishment of Wyoming big sagebrush into six crested wheatgrass stands (sites) by broadcast seeding and planting seedling sagebrush across varying levels of crested wheatgrass control with glyphosate. Planted sagebrush seedlings survived at high rates (~ 70% planted sagebrush survival 3 yr postplanting), even without crested wheatgrass control. However, most attempts to establish sagebrush by broadcast seeding failed. Only at high levels of crested wheatgrass control did a few sagebrush plants establish from broadcasted seed. Sagebrush density and cover were greater with planting seedlings than broadcast seeding. Sagebrush cover, height, and canopy area were greater at higher levels of crested wheatgrass control. High levels of crested wheatgrass control also created an opportunity for exotic annuals to increase. Crested wheatgrass rapidly recovered after glyphosate control treatments, which suggests multiple treatments may be needed to effectively control crested wheatgrass. Our results suggest that planting sagebrush seedlings can structurally diversify monotypic crested wheatgrass stands to provide habitat for sagebrush-associated wildlife. Though this is not the full diversity of native functional groups representative of the sagebrush steppe, it is a substantial improvement over other efforts that have largely failed to alter these plant communities. We also hypothesize that planting sagebrush seedlings in patches or strips may provide a relatively inexpensive method to facilitate sagebrush recovery across vast landscapes where sagebrush has been lost.  相似文献   
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坡耕地地表糙度的量测与计算   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7  
在回顾了地表糙度的测量和计算方法后,经实验证实,Brough D L,Linden D R和Van Doren D M等人提出的糙度测量和计算方法,均能满足黄土高原坡耕地人为耕作管理形成的微地形特征的研究需求。  相似文献   
66.
青海玉树不同海拔高度草毡土微生物数量及影响因子   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
应用稀释平板法探讨了不同海拔高度土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌数量与生境的关系.结果表明,不同海拔样地真菌数量差异显著;AM-2样地细菌、真菌数量最大;AM-3的放线菌数量最大;而AM-4的细菌数量、真菌数量、放线菌数量均为最小值;相关性分析表明,细菌、真菌、放线菌与海拔、地下生物量呈显著正相关;与土壤含水量呈极显著负相关.这表明,土壤微生物受到地下生物量及土壤含水量影响最大.  相似文献   
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通过光镜对东北虎主要几种消化腺的H.E染色石蜡切片进行观察,结果表明,东北虎肝小叶间的结缔组织不发达,小叶的界限不清晰,肝细胞体积较大,核位于细胞一侧,肝细胞多呈索状排列,窦状隙不明显;胰腺外分泌部由腺泡和导管组成,腺泡形状不一,由单层锥状腺上皮细胞组成,胰岛是一些大小不等的细胞团和细胞索,分散于外分泌部之间,胞质染色较外分泌部浅;腮腺为纯浆液腺泡,胞质着色呈嗜酸性,颌下腺是以黏液性细胞为主,含少量的浆液性细胞半月。  相似文献   
69.
野生动物旅游产品在总体的旅游产品中占有很大的市场份额,也有越来越多的旅游爱好者对此拥有购买动机与欲望。根据目前旅游市场现状,本文对野生动物旅游产品的种类进行了归类,提出了野生动物旅游产品可分为观赏型、参与型、工艺品型、食用型和药用型等5种表现形式。结合中国在野生动物旅游产品方面的开发现状,从生态保护、增强体验性与真实性、社区共管、科普教育、法制建设和科学投资方面提出了合理开发的建议。  相似文献   
70.
在广泛检索文献的基础上,综述了木槿的成分、药理及临床应用,为木槿的深入开发利用提供参考依据。  相似文献   
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