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41.
为探寻环境友好的秸秆预处理方法,提高秸秆等生物质资源的利用效率,以水稻秸秆为原料,采用3种不同的低温等离子体装置:灭菌柜、介质阻止放电及射频电容耦合对其进行预处理,分别对3种方法的处理条件进行优化,并在此基础上考察预处理后秸秆对纤维素酶的吸附能力及纤维素和半纤维素的糖化效率。结果表明,与未处理的秸秆对照相比,3种方法均可以降低水稻秸秆对纤维素酶的吸附能力,同时提高秸秆中纤维素和半纤维素的糖化率;其中,介质阻挡空气放电对秸秆的处理效果最好,秸秆对酶的吸附率比未处理秸秆的对照组降低了67.6%,而纤维素和半纤维素的糖化率分别比未处理秸秆的对照组提高了34.6%和44.7%。该研究为今后利用低温等离子体预处理秸秆相关技术的改进和深入研究提供了参考。 相似文献
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Denitrification characteristics of pond sediments in a Chinese agricultural watershed 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Feiyue LI Rong YANG Chaopu TI Man LANG Sonoko D. KIMURA Xiaoyuan YAN 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2010,56(1):66-71
Ponds are widely distributed in rice-based agricultural watersheds, particularly in southern China, and may play an important role in nitrate ( ) removal. However, the denitrification rate of pond sediment, measured using the acetylene (C2 H2 ) inhibition technique, indicated that the amount of nitrogen removed by denitrification accounted for <1% of the total nitrogen applied. The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of sediment depth and temperature on denitrification of pond sediment using the C2 H2 inhibition technique. The highest denitrification potential was found in the upper 5 cm of sediment, but this only accounted for approximately 34% of the total denitrification of the upper 0–30 cm of sediment, suggesting that sediment denitrification potential would be underestimated if only the upper 5 cm of sediment was measured. The denitrification potential was low and showed a weak response over a temperature range of 6–18°C, whereas denitrification increased significantly from 18 to 30°C, indicating that denitrification may play an important role in the removal of in warm seasons. A comparison of the disappearance and C2 H2 inhibition methods showed that they were significantly ( P < 0.01) and positively correlated. However, the C2 H2 inhibition method gave only approximately 25% of the values determined by the disappearance method. 相似文献
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Based on a field investigation and laboratory trials, this study compared the invasive ecology of aquatic and terrestrial alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides G.) ecotypes. The aquatic ecotype showed a stronger eco‐adaptation than the terrestrial ecotype. Alligator weed performed well in wetland and riparian habitats, where it was so competitive that only one‐to‐three other plant types grew successfully in its company. In contrast, it exhibited poor growth in upland fields and parks, where the terrestrial ecotype was dominated by 6–11 other alien plant species. The aquatic ecotype exhibited significantly greater growth inhibition of Microcystis aeruginosa. The ecotypes differed in their pattern of allelopathic inhibition of water blooms. The allelopathic effect of the aquatic ecotype persisted for a period exceeding 20 days, whereas the terrestrial ecotype's allelopathic effect subsided in <5 days. The aquatic ecotype had higher levels of antioxidant compounds, including soluble protein and flavones, and the activity of protective enzymes was also higher, which included superoxidase dismutase, peroxidase and catalase. Alligator weed's unique characteristics derive mainly from its strong allelopathic potential and tolerance of eutrophication in aquatic habitats. 相似文献
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小麦品质性状分子标记多重PCR体系的建立 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成、1B/1R易位、籽粒硬度、直链淀粉含量和穗发芽抗性等性状与加工品质密切相关,建立相关性状的多重PCR体系在小麦品质分子育种中具有重要意义。本研究利用现有品质性状基因的分子标记,建立了适合不同品质类型品种评价和分子聚合育种的3个多重PCR体系,并用已知基因的品种(系)进行验证。多重PCR体系Ⅰ包括ω-secalin(1B/1R)、Vp1B3和Pinb-D1b基因的分子标记检测,可用于一般的品质检测;体系Ⅱ包括ω-secalin、Ax2*、Bx17和Dx5 基因的检测,可望用于强筋小麦品种的选育;体系Ⅲ包括Wx-A1、Wx-B1和Wx-D1位点的检测,可用于淀粉品质或糯小麦的选育。每个体系内的引物之间不存在相互抑制作用和错配,检测品种(系)的结果可靠、重复性好,成本低。3个多重PCR体系用于小麦品质育种的亲本评价和杂交后代优质基因的聚合,将会提高优质专用小麦品种评价和选育的效率。 相似文献
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针对不同来源的样品,建立相应的双向电泳(two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, 2-DE)技术是开展蛋白质组学研究的基础。以野生型水稻(O. sativa L.)农林8号(N8)及其苯达松敏感致死(bentazon sensitive lethal, bsl)突变体农林8号m (N8m)为材料,通过优化条件,建立了适合于水稻微粒体蛋白的双向电泳技术。并通过双向电泳图谱的比对,共找到15个差异蛋白点,分为供试材料间差异、苯达松处理前后差异和N8在苯达松处理后特异表达等3种类型。结合苯达松抗性比较及苯达松残留分析,推测材料间差异是因γ射线辐照引起基因结构变异,从而影响了基因的表达;苯达松处理前后差异与氧自由基清除酶系或系统获得抗性相关酶系有关;N8在苯达松处理后特异表达与苯达松代谢有关。 相似文献